Text in English with abstracts in English and Sesotho / The purpose of this study was to describe the role of Life Orientation (LO) in the development of altruistic behaviour among adolescents aged 14 t0 16 years in one rural school of Limpopo Province. The participants were purposively selected. Most communities struggle to involve adolescents in voluntary activities such as home-based care, cleaning campaigns, conducting study groups, and others, if there are no incentives such as money. The study collected data through semi-structured interviews and the altruism scale questionnaire. The latter is not a psychometric measure but a screening tool that gives a qualitative value that can be analysed. The findings of the study have shown that LO has not yet played a critical role in developing altruism in youth, especially adolescents. Participants having reported lack of perceived seriousness taken by their LO teachers on the topics during LO lessons resulted in their different perspectives and experiences regarding the subject. In addition, altruism has not been included in LO curriculum. Therefore, further investigation of the cause of belief in superstition amongst adolescents and downgrading of LO is important. / Morero wo mogolo wa dinyakišišo tše e be e le go hlalosa karolo ye bohlokwa yeo e bapalago ke Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo (Life Orientantion) gore bana bao ba golago ba thoma go tšwa mahlalegading ba hlalefa, ba mengwaga ye lesome-nne leba lesome-tshela ba godišwe le go rutwa mekgwa ye mebotse mo sekolong se sengwe seleteng sa Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Batšeikarolo dinyakišišong tše ba kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo gore ba ntšhe maikutlo a bona ka moka mabapi le tabakgolo yeo monyakišiši a bego a e nyakišiša. Batho ba bantšhi mo setšhabeng ba palelwa ke go huetša bana bao ba golago mo mešomong ya go ikgafa moo elego gore a go na moputso wa tšhelete. Mediro ye ya boikgafo e akaretša go nea balwetši ditirelo tša kalafo ya ka gae, masolo a go thlwekiša, dihlopha tša go ithuta mmogo, magareng ga tše dingwe. Dinyakišišo tše di šomišitše mokgwa wa seka-dipoledišano go tšea tshedimošo gammogo le sekala sa dipotšišo tša go šomišwa go dira diteko tša go utulla mediro ye mebotse ya Mosamaria wa kgaugelo mo setšhabeng. Maikemišetšo a sekala se sa dipotšišo ga se go dira diteko tša monagano, eupša ke sefetleki sa go dirišwa go tšea tshedimošo le go seka-seka maikutlo mabapi le gore batšeikarolo ba ikwa bjang ka tiragalo ye itšeng yeo e nyakišišwago (e sego go seka-seka dipalopalo). Dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tše di laetša gore Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo ga e sešo ya fihlelela morero wa go aga mekgwa ya botho mo bathong ba baswa. Batšeikarolo ba nyamišitšwe ke ka mokgwa woo barutiši ba thuto ye ba se nago maikemišetšo ka gona mabapi le go ruta thuto ye ka mafolofolo. Se se ile sa ba le khuetšo ye mpe go barutwana moo bailego ba hlokomologa thuto ye ka go se e tšeele hlogong gomme ba e bona ka leihlo le šele. Godimo ga moo, thuto ya go kwela batho bohloko le go ba hlankela ga se ya akaretšwa mo thutong Tshedimošo ya Bophelo. Bjalo go nyakega dinyakišišo mo go tumelo ya dinonwane magareng ga baswa bao ba golago le go nyenyefašwa ga Thuto ye ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Abstracts in English, Zulu and Xhosa / Rock art affords unique opportunities for engendered research because it provides emic views of how specific people re-presented themselves. My feminist study investigates under-researched ‘San/Bushman’ gendered identities to understand more about area-specific constructions of personhood through analysing 2852 rock paintings from two adjacent areas of the northern Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using quantitative and qualitative methods and evidence from excavation archaeology, ethnography, ethology, and neurocognitive research, I identify three categories of ritual specialists: experienced and preeminent; ordinary; and novice. These paintings show that wo/men ritual specialists could transcend the identity norms of ordinary people, but men ritual specialists may have had more status and power. I suggest the paintings acted as a controlling mechanism for the potency of women, indoctrination of novices, and present an ideal for the practice of ritual specialists and ordinary people. This research has important implications for identifying different types of identity marking by different groups of southern African San. / Bonono ba majwe bo fana ka menyetla e ikgethang bakeng sa dipatlisiso tse fokolang hobane e fana ka ditjhebo tsa bonnete tsa hore na batho ba itseng ba ne ba itlhahisa jwang. Boithuto ba ka ba tsa bosadi bo fuputsa boitsebiso ba batho ba maSan/Busumane bo so kang bo batlisiswa haholo ele ho utlwisisa haholwanyane ka dikaho tsa dibaka tse ikgethileng tsa botho ka ho manolla metako ya pente e 2852 e tswang dibakeng tse pedi tse bapileng tsa borwa ho Kapa Botjhabela, Afrika Borwa. Ka tshebediso ya mekgwa ya bongata le boleng le bopaki ho tswa ho dipatlisiso tsa excavation archaeology, ethnography, ethology, le tsa neurocognitive, ke hlwaya mekgahlelo e meraro ya ditsebi tsa mekete ya meetlo: ba nang boiphihlello le ba hlahelletseng ka mahetla; ba tlwaelehileng; le bomaithutwana. Metako ena ya pente e bontsha hore ditsebi tsa basadi tsa mekete ya meetlo di ne di kgona ho tlola ditlwaelo tsa boitsebiso tsa batho ba tlwaelehileng, empa ditsebi tsa banna tsa mekete ya meetlo di ka di ne le di na le maemo le matla a fetang. Ke sisinya hore metako e ne e sebetsa jwalo ka mokgwa wa ho laola bakeng sa matla a basadi, thuto ya bomaithutwane, le ho hlahisa se lokelang ho ba sona bakeng sa tshebetso ya ditsebi tsa meetlo le batho ba tlwaelehileng. Patlisiso ena e na le bohlokwa bakeng sa ho hlwaya mefuta e fapaneng ya matshwao ba boitsebiso a dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa maSan a Afrika e borwa. / Imizobo esematyeni inika amathuba akhethekileyo ophando lweemeko ezingqonge isini ngoba le mizobo ibonisa indlela abaziveza ngayo abantu abathile ngokwenkcubeko yabo. Isifundo sam ngobufazi siphanda ngohlanga lwama ‘San/Bushman’ okanye Amaqhakancu/abaThwa nekuphandwe kancinci ngabo, injongo ikukuqonda ubume bobuntu babo kwiindawo ngeendawo. Olu phando lwenziwe ngokuhlalutya imizobo esematyeni engama-2852 ekwiingingqi ezimbini eziseMntla-Mpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika. Ngokusebenzisa uphando olusekelwe kubungqina bamanani nobusekelwe kwiingxoxo nokuzathuza kwanobungqina obuvezwe zizinto ezigronjwe/ezigrunjwe kwiziza zakudaladala, obuvezwe kwiinkcazelo zenkcubeko yabantu abahlukeneyo, obuvezwe kwiinkcazelo zoluntu xa lujongwe ngokwenkalo yendalo (i-itholoji) nobuvezwe kwizifundo zokuqiqa nokusebenza kwengqondo, ndiphawule iindidi ezintathu zeengcali zezithethe: abanamava nolwazi olubalaseleyo; abanolwazi oluqhelekileyo; abangenalwazi kangako. Le mizobo ibonisa ukuba iingcali zezithethe zamadoda nezabafazi zinakho ukubona ngaphaya kwendlela ababona ngayo abantu jikelele, kodwa kusengenzeka ukuba iingcali zezithethe zamadoda zazinewonga negunya elithe chatha. Ndibona ukuba imizobo yayisebenza njengesixhobo sokulawula amandla neziphiwo zabafazi, ukuqweqwedisa iingcinga zabangenalwazi luthe vetshe, nokuvelisa okulindelekileyo kwindlela yokusebenza kweengcali zezithethe nabantu jikelele. Olu phando lubalulekile ekunakaneni iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuphawula ubuyena bamaqela ahlukeneyo ohlanga lwamaSan/ Amaqhakancu aseAfrika. / M.A. (Archaeology)

The research entailed an exploration of the design of job descriptions (JDs) in the South African Police Service (SAPS). A JD represents an official document that defines general duties, tasks, and related job responsibilities. It details the job features and the essential abilities required to perform the job. JDs are fundamental and vital to outline the job duties harmonised with the relevant organisation’s policy, ethos, goals, mission, and vision. Participants in this study were purposefully chosen to conduct semi-structured interviews and focus groups with information-rich SAPS Human Resource (HR) practitioners from both the support and operational career streams, to gain their insights into and viewpoints on the JD processes in the SAPS. The National Head Office: Divisions: Human Resource Utilisation (HRU) and Operational Response Service (ORS) and the information-rich provincial HR practitioners who support and monitor the implementation of JDs in the SAPS were included in this study. The participants were asked to answer open-ended questions that aimed to explore the design of JDs in the SAPS. The interviews were recorded with the participants’ permission. The recorded information was translated verbatim and analysed. The six fundamental themes that emerged are: value and benefits of JDs; processes to coordinate and monitor JDs to ensure effective management; the potential of JDs to enhance police performance; knowledge and skills for designing JDs; attitudes, experiences, and challenges of JDs; and recommendations of electronic JD systems. The topics were delineated using direct quotations from the participants as gained during the interviews. Opinions, experiences, administrative aspects, and criticism of the various features of JDs in the SAPS was explored. In summary, the research recommendations and conclusion were given. The results of this study show there are several factors that can enable and optimise inclusion in the effective designing process of JDs in the SAPS. / Ucwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlolisiswa komdwebo wezincazelo zemisebenzi (JDs) eNingizimu Afrika Amaphoyisa (SAPS). I-JD imelela idokhumenti esemthethweni echaza imisebenzi ejwayelekile, imisebenzi, kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ehlobene. It ichaza izici zomsebenzi kanye namakhono abalulekile adingekayo ukuze enze lo msebenzi. I-JDs iyigugu futhi ibalulekile ukuchaza imisebenzi ehambisana nomgomo wenhlangano efanele, izinhloso, izinhloso, umsebenzi kanye nombono. Abahlanganyeli kulolu cwaningo babekhethwe ngenhloso yokuqhuba izingxoxo ezihleliwe kanye namaqembu okugxila abasebenza nge-SAPS Human Resource (HR) abaqeqeshiwe abavela kuzo zombili ukusekela nokusebenza kwemifudlana yomsebenzi, ukuze bathole ukuqonda kwabo kanye nokubukwa kwizinhlelo ze-JD kuma-SAPS. I-Ofisi Eyinhloko Kazwelonke: Izigaba: Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Yabantu (HRU) kanye ne-Operational Response Service (ORS) kanye nabasebenzi abacebile be-HR esifundazweni abanolwazi abaxhasa futhi baqaphe ukuqaliswa kwe-JDs kuma-SAPS bafakiwe kulolu cwaningo. Abahlanganyeli babuzwa ukuthi baphendule imibuzo evulekile ehlose ukuhlola ukuklama kwama-JD ku-SAPS. Lezi zincwadi zabhalwa nemvume yabahlanganyeli. Ulwazi olurekhodiwe luhunyushwe ngokucacile futhi luhlaziywe. Izingqikithi eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo ezivela ziyizi: inani nenzuzo ye-JDs; izinqubo zokuxhumanisa nokuqapha i-JDs ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo; ikhono lama-JDs ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphoyisa; ulwazi namakhono wokwakha i-JDs; isimo sengqondo, okuhlangenwe nakho, nezinselelo ze-JDs; kanye nezincomo zezinhlelo ze-JD zobuchwepheshe. Izihloko zachazwa ngokucaphuno okuqondile kusuka kubahlanganyeli njengoba zitholakale ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana. Imibono, okuhlangenwe nakho, izici zokuphatha, nokugxeka izici ezihlukahlukene ze-JDs ku-SAPS kuhlolwe. Ngamafuphi, izincomo zocwaningo nesiphetho zanikezwa. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezingasiza futhi zenzeke ukufakwa ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo kwe-JDs kuma-SAPS. / Phuputso e kenyeletsa ho hlahloba moralo oa litlhaloso tsa mosebetsi (JDs) Lefapheng la Mapolesa a Afrika Boroa (SAPS). JD e emela tokomane ea molao e hlalosang mesebetsi e tloaelehileng, mesebetsi le mesebetsi e amanang le mosebetsi. E hlalosa lintlha tsa mosebetsi le bokhoni ba bohlokoa bo hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa mosebetsi. Li-JDs ke tsa motheo le tsa bohlokoa ho hlalosang mesebetsi e lumellanang le leano la mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, litokelo, lipakane, mosebetsi le pono. Barupeluoa thutong ena ba ne ba khethiloe ka boomo ho etsa lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng hantle le lihlopha tse tsepamisisang maikutlo le basebeletsi ba ruileng ba SAPS Human Resource (HR) ba tšehetso le litšebeletso tsa mesebetsi e le hore ba fumane litlhaloso tsa bona le maikutlo a bona ka ts'ebetso ea JD SAPS. Lekala la Sechaba: Likarohano: Tšebeliso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Botho (HRU) le Tšebeletso ea Likarabo tsa Ts'ebetso (ORS) le basebetsi ba ruileng ba profinseng ba HR ba tšehetsang le ho shebella ts'ebetsong ea JDs ho SAPS ba kenyelelitsoe thuputsong ena. Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba arabe lipotso tse bulehileng tse neng li reretsoe ho hlahloba moralo oa JDs ho SAPS. Lipuisano li ngotsoe ka tumello ea barupeluoa. Boitsebiso bo tlalehiloeng bo fetoletsoe ka mantsoe le ho hlahlojoa. Lihlooho tse tšeletseng tsa bohlokoa tse hlahang ke: boleng le melemo ea JDs; e sebetsana le ho hokahanya le ho hlahloba li-JD ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsamaiso e nepahetseng; bokhoni ba JDs ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mapolesa; tsebo le bokhoni ba ho theha JDs; boikutlo, liphihlelo le mathata a JDs; le litlhahiso tsa mekhoa ea JD ea elektronike. Lihlooho li hlalositsoe ka litlhaloso tse tobileng ho tsoa ho barupeluoa tse fumanoang nakong ea lipuisano. Maikutlo, liphihlelo, likarolo tsa tsamaiso, le ho nyatsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa JDs li SAPS li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Ka kakaretso, liphuputso le liphello li ile tsa fanoa. Liphello tsa phuputso ena li bonts'a hore ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tse ka khonang le ho ntlafatsa ho kenngoa tshebetsong e sebetsang ea ho qapa li-JDs ho SAPS. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)