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The photographer discusses the work in Boundaries, her Master of Fine Arts exhibition on display at Slocumb Galleries, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee from October 31 to November 4, 2011. The exhibition consists of 20 black and white photographs, the main subject of which is the photographer's son. The photographs and supporting thesis explore the idea of boundaries real and implied, and how confinement can prompt a variety of behaviors. Topics include the process and evolution of the work and the artists who have influenced it, the importance of light and the challenge of photographing family. Included is a catalogue of the exhibition.

Understanding the mechanisms that generate shared morphologies across closely related taxa is important when identifying distinct evolutionary lineages using morphological characters. Desmognathus salamanders are an ideal group for testing hypotheses concerning the correlation between morphological similarity and genetic exchange within and among nominal species due to a pattern of high discordance between the two. Phylogeographic hypotheses are tested for populations of the D. quadramaculatus species complex throughout southern Appalachia by combining phylogenetic and population genetic methods with geographical information. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences are then assessed in conjunction with morphological characteristics that have traditionally diagnosed taxonomic entities to understand the genetic basis of shared morphology in this complex, and to assess species boundaries. A history of fragmentation followed by range expansion is suggested as a recurrent pattern that has shaped the current population structure within this complex. The current taxonomy is found to unite populations that share similar morphologies due to parallel evolution rather than ancestry. We suggest revisions in taxonomy that will better reflect the evolutionary history of these lineages. Appreciation of the hidden genetic variation and homoplasious morphological variation often present in and among salamander species can foster the implementation of more appropriate methods for detecting and recognizing the complex history of these organisms.

Previous studies based on morphological, allozymic and mitochondrial sequence data have indicated that Liomys pictus is paraplyletic relative to L. spectabilis. The purpose of this study was to determine the species boundaries that exist within this complex. I estimated phylogenetic relationships within this complex using sequence data from 1,140 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and two nuclear introns from engrailed protein (190 bp) and myosin heavy chain (254 bp) genes for approximately 712 individuals representing 82 localities across the range of L. pictus and L. spectabilis. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses suggest that there are six species within the L. pictus complex using the Weins-Penkrot approach and Templeton's cohesion test for delimitating species whereas previously only two have been recognized.

An industry survey was conducted to collect information on current collaboration methods and project management and communication structures. The results, along with other design collaboration philosophies, were used to develop a method of coordinating users in a multi-user design space. These thesis methods will regulate collaboration and avoid user collisions in the same model space, either by cooperative interaction or by spatial decomposition with regional blocking. The method partitions the design space by integrating a graphical user interface tool into the engineering application used to define and assign the necessary tasks of the project. A simple implementation of this method proved that it is usable by multiple users, is faster to setup than simple written instructions, and helps to coordinate users to work together efficiently. To enable some of the key capabilities of the method, modern Computer-Aided application (CAx) architecture would need to be revised with multiple users in mind. One constraint example would be to partition the design space geometrically with visible boundaries between user-assigned areas. Current CAx architectures have some selection filtering capability that can be based on mathematical constraint boundaries, but are not designed to globally filter selection and are not very useful in their limited form. A simple solution to working around this limitation has not been found.

The vast colonization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, in the nineteenth century had a profund impact on the populating, culture, economy, and environment of much of the American West. This thesis examines the political geographic influence of the Mormons in the West and, more specifically, in the lands ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848. This land comprises all or portions of the following states: California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.The original organization of the Mexican Cession at the hands of Congress in 1850 was drastically influenced by the fact that the Mormons had decided to settle in the Great Basin. From this initial territorial organization in 1850 to the early years of the twentieth century, the boundaries of each of the aforementioned states were significantly influenced by two key factors: the Mormon presence in certain areas and the strained relationship between Congress and the Mormon Church. In many instances, state and territorial boundaries were drawn, modified, or even left alone as a direct result of one or often both of these factors. This thesis identifies and examines all of these boundary-making decisions.In order to better illustrate the actual impact of the Mormons on the political geography of the West, two hypothetical scenarios are presented in the final chapter. In the first scenario, the author hypothesizes as to how the West might look today if the Mormons had not come West and settled there. In the second, a West is envisioned in which the relationship between the Mormons and Congress was not adversarial.

Since the first warnings on the limits of planet Earth, 50 years ago, policies havenot been sufficient and fast enough to create a more sustainable world, which is todayillustrated by climate change, an increase in resource scarcity, and tremendousbiodiversity loss. Cities have been playing an important role in those environmentalconsequences, today accounting for 60% of greenhouse gases. However, citiesare designed by urban planners, who have a great influence on their projects inthe early planning phases. Thus, there is an urge to provide urban planners witheffective decision support tools that allow them to have in-depth knowledge of theenvironmental consequences of their choices.This is the goal of the ”Energy Carbon District”(ECD) methodology implementedin the Urban Print software, a project launched in 2017 by the FrenchAgency for Ecological Transition (ADEME). This tool sets out the first methodologicalchoices for carrying out life cycle analyses at the district level, right fromthe first stages of planning.The goal of this master thesis was to understand the strength and weaknessesof the ECD methodology and Urban Print software, and conduct a district LCAanalysis on a residential neighbourhood in order to get lessons on the most impactingdistricts’ elements, and on the best strategies to reduce those impacts.In this context, the study first provides an extensive literature review on the LCAmethodology, construction products LCA, buildings LCA, and districts LCA. Then,multiple district LCA are conducted on a generic new residential neighbourhoodlocated in Bayonne (France), using different parameters, and different weightingmethodologies.Our case study showed that energy, mobility, and construction products & equipmentare successively the three main contributors to districts’ impacts in a Businessas-usual scenario. ”Energy efficiency” and ”low impacting energy production” werethe two most effective leverages of urban planners to reduce environmental impacts,reducing the total weighed impacts by 21% to 34.6% compared to the Businessas-usual scenario. Once those leverages were activated, mobility and constructionproducts & equipment became the two first contributors, but very few leveragescould be used to reduce those impacts.In the end, the literature review and case study, allowed to highlight the strengthsand weaknesses of the ECD methodology, and the next challenges for district LCAstandardization. One challenge that stands out is the development of tools able toquantify mobility-related impacts based on more district parameters than just thelocation.

Research has long held that family of origin plays a significant, if not critical, role in mental health. The purpose of the present study was to provide theoretical evidence to support the feasibility of a new target for clinical intervention by demonstrating that identity style, the way individuals take in and process identity-relevant information, is a mediating factor between family cohesion and psychopathology. Secondly, this study aimed to provide empirical evidence for identity boundaries, or the cognitive barrier that dictates the assimilation and disposal of identity-relevant information, by linking identity style to one*s ability to differentiate the self from others. A total of 496 university students were surveyed using a self-report battery available via an online research database provided by the author*s institution. Results suggested that individuals adhering to the informational identity style had the highest degrees of self-other differentiation followed by the normative identity style and, finally, the diffuse-avoidant. Further, the diffuse-avoidant identity style (and by extension, diffuse identity boundaries) significantly and fully mediated the relationship between balanced family cohesion and psychopathology. Given that the diffuse-avoidant identity style is linked to a number of maladaptive decision-making and problem-solving strategies, interventions aimed at changing one*s ability to master their environment may have positive implications for the way that they amalgamate their sense of self which may, in turn, lead to improved functioning.

Further understanding of dislocation-GB interactions is critical to increasing the performance of polycrystalline metals. The research contained within this dissertation aims to further dislocation-GB interaction understanding through three research studies. First, the effect of noise in EBSPs on GND calculations was evaluated in order to improve dislocation characterization via HR-EBSD. Second, the evolution of GNDs and their effects on back stress was studied through experimental and computational methods applied to tantalum oligo specimens. Third, statistical analysis was used to evaluate grain parameters and current GB transmission parameters on their correlation with dislocation accumulation.

This study of Hornsbergs strand, Stockholm, aimed to explore the dynamics of social conflicts in public spaces following three research questions: (1) what are the driving factors in the spatial conflicts between inhabitants and visitors of Hornsbergs strand, (2) how do spatial conflicts in Hornsbergs strand reflect broader societal issues of polarization and segregation in Stockholm, and (3) what can be done on behalf of urban planners to avoid and manage similar conflicts in the future? Departing from literature related to spatial conflicts, tourism conflicts, and exclusionary practices in public spaces, I conducted observational studies, indepth interviews, and a document analysis of planning material. The study shows that differences between users and uses of public spaces in Hornsbergs strand are central in constructing spatial territories and was where most spatial conflicts originated. Further, results suggest that the development of Hornsbergs strand was made through an exclusive planning process, and that spatial conflicts reflect broader issues of polarization and segregation in Stockholm. / Denna studie av Hornsbergs strand, Stockholm, syftade till att undersöka sociala konflikter i offentliga rum med hjälp av tre forskningsfrågor: (1) vilka är de drivande faktorerna i de rumsliga konflikterna mellan invånare och besökare av Hornsbergs strand, (2) hur avspeglar de rumsliga konflikterna vid Hornsbergs strand bredare samhällsproblem i form av polarisering och segregation i Stockholm, och (3) vad kan stadsplanerare i Stockholm göra för att undvika och hantera liknande konflikter i framtiden? Med utgångspunkt i forskning kring rumsliga konflikter, konflikter inom turism samt exkluderande praktiker i offentliga utrymmen genomfördes observationsstudier, intervjuer och en dokumentanalys av relevant planeringsmaterial. Studien visar att skillnader mellan användare och olika användningar av de offentliga utrymmena vid Hornsbergs strand var centrala i skapandet av rumsliga territoriumoch, till följd, rumsliga konflikter. Vidare tyder resultaten på att planeringsprocessen förHornsbergs strand var exkluderande och att de rumsliga konflikterna karaktäriserar polarisering och segregation i Stockholm.