Are Lithuanians leaving Lithuania? Facing the mass emigration phenomenon, such questions are more and more often asked not only by journalists who attempt at drawing the attention of the society to this issue, but also by politicians and public characters. There are many ways of thinking about this issue. Those who have gained well being in foreign countries, enjoy the benefits of migration. However, others worry about the negative impact on the demographical and social situation, as well as the negative influence on labor market of the country in the future. Alongside with many sob stories and declared determination to get remedies immediately, is possible to hear another opinion, stating that it is a civil liberty - freedom to travel to obtain a wealth of opportunities. Nowadays migration movement is becoming a global issue. Experts are voicing their concerns about the threats of emigration. Therefore, it is interesting whether the government of Lithuania has any cure for mass emigration. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the processes of emigration in Lithuania. In conclusion, the object of the paper is the emigration movement in Lithuania. The main thesis of this paper is to prove that the society is not aware of government’s remedies, which are rather ineffective at curbing the increasing emigration scale. In order to reach objectives set in the paper, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the residents of Joniškis Region Municipalities. So the... [to full text]

<p>This secondary daa study, framed in social constructinism theory, descibes and analyses the &quot / pull&quot / factors influencing migration of health professionals developing to developed countries.&nbsp / The literature review sets the context withing which international migration takes place and explores relevant aspects of the G8, globalisation, and the gGeneral Agreement on Trade in Services.&nbsp / The research demonstrates that temprary or permanent internationsl migration occurs for employment or study purposes.&nbsp / It further confirms that, despite the lack of accurate data from African counties, the number of health professionals leaving th continent has increased significantly during the 1990's.</p>

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2008

This thesis focuses on the widely acknowledged so-called brain drain controversy. More concretely on developments in the traditional brain drain literature towards a new shift, claiming the brain gain effect, as an alternative to the brain drain effect, that emigration may bring to a source country. The research investigates not only the obvious direct loss effects – the so called brain drain – but also the possibility of more subtle indirect beneficial effects.

The last decade has seen an exodus of South African nurses migrating to "greener pastures". As a result of this migration, the South African Healthcare Service has been drained of one of its most essential resources – nurses. Subsequently, the crippling flight of nurses has thrown the nursing profession into a state of crisis. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the more popular destinations for South African nurses, the main reason being the attractive financial rewards. One agency reports that they send an average of thirty nurses a month to various hospitals within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country. Due to the uniqueness of the enforcement of the Islamic faith and the Saudi culture, many restrictions are imposed, particularly on women. The challenges and problems facing the South African nurses were, therefore, unique compared to elsewhere in the world. This research study had a primary and a secondary objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of South African nurses related to living and working in Saudi Arabia; The secondary objective of this study was to develop orientation guidelines to support South African nurses working and living in Saudi Arabia. The researcher utilized a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design based on a phenomenological approach to inquiry, in an attempt to answer the question: "What are the professional and personal experiences of the South African registered nurses working and living in Saudi Arabia?" Eleven registered nurses were selected to participate by means of purposive sampling. These nurses had been living in Saudi Arabia between three and six months. Consent was obtained from participants and the ethics committee of both the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. The central theme emanating from the study was recognized as being 'Cultural Diversity'. The sub-themes identified related to the registered nurses’: - Religious/spiritual adaptation - Environmental adaptation - Emotional/psychological adaptation - Professional adaptation Based on the identified themes, guidelines were formulated to assist South African registered nurses when migrating to Saudi Arabia. Utilization of these should assist the South African registered nurse in assimilating into both the cultural and working environment. However, in reality, the outcome showed that no one can be prepared fully for what awaits them in Saudi Arabia.

Economical and educational problems are caused by the reversed effect of the Employment Equity Act and Affirmative Action. One such problem is called “brain drain” (Lundy, 2006), The general aim of the research was to determine whether affirmative action caused final year students of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University to consider overseas employment. A literature study was conducted before the empirical objectives were reached. The empirical study was of a quantitative descriptive and inferential nature. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the empirical objectives. A self- administered survey package was handed out to final year students within the various disciplines at their various classes. One hypothesis was tested. The results indicated that support was found for the hypothesis. The findings are discussed in relation to the data gathered. The implications of the research and the limitations of the study are outlined in the Results chapter.

Über den Zusammenhang von "Migration" und "Entwicklung" ist - trotz einiger interessanter Forschungsansätze im englischen und französischen Sprachraum - immer noch wenig bekannt. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf hochgebildete MigrantInnen aus sog. Entwicklungsländern steht weiterhin die These vom "Brain Drain" im Vordergrund, die besagt, daß die Emigration von AkademikerInnen (wie von qualifizierten Menschen allgemein) gleichbedeutend sei mit einem Verlust an Entwicklungspotential für die Herkunftsländer. Die Dissertation möchte diese These vom "Brain Drain" relativieren. Der Großteil der Forschung über den "Brain Drain" wird von der Analyse quantitativen Datenmaterials auf der Makro-Ebene getragen. Im starken Kontrast dazu beruht die Dissertation auf einem qualitativen Forschungsansatz auf der Mikro-Ebene, bei dem direkte Interviews mit in Industrieländern lebenden AkademikerInnen aus sog. Entwicklungsländern im Mittelpunkt stehen. Dadurch wird die bisher geleistete Forschungsarbeit sinnvoll ergänzt. Als zentrales Ergebnis ist festzuhalten, daß die These vom "Brain Drain" relativiert werden muß: Tatsächlich ist die Emigration von AkademikerInnen nicht in allen Fällen gleichbedeutend mit einem Verlust an Entwicklungspotential für die Herkunftsländer. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen - die in der Dissertation näher analysiert werden - können auch in der Emigration Beiträge zur Entwicklung der Herkunftsländer geleistet werden. Ausschlaggebend dafür ist die intensive Integration in das Aufnahmeland - bis hin zur Einbürgerung - unter Beibehaltung von engen Bindungen zum Herkunftsland. Auf der anderen Seite kann die Emigration tatsächlich aber auch durch vollständige Assimilation oder Marginalität Züge eines "Brain Drain" im Sinne eines Verlustes an Entwicklungspotential für die Herkunftsländer annehmen. Ausschlaggebend dafür ist aber nicht, wie bisher angenommen, die Integration in das Aufnahmeland als solche, sondern vielmehr der Modus der Integration in das Aufnahmeland. Es wird eine sechs-zügige Typologie vorgestellt, in der die Modi der Integration in das Aufnahmeland unter Berücksichtigung der Beziehungen der Migranten zu ihren Herkunftsländern eingehend untersucht werden.

No description available.

Объем магистерской диссертации 115 страниц, в том числе, 92 страницы основного текста (без списка литературы), для иллюстрации использованы 8 таблиц, 12 рисунков и приложения. Библиографический список состоит из 76 источников. Актуальность темы магистерской диссертации связана с тем, что с 2010 года наблюдается новая волна эмиграции из России, связанная с мировым экономическим кризисом, последствия которой требуют детального анализа. Целью исследования является определение типа эмиграции из России и разработка рекомендации по оптимизации мер государственной миграционной политики: изучить теории и концепции миграции; проанализировать особенности международной миграции в России как части демографических процессов; проанализировать количественные и качественные характеристики волн эмиграции из России; изучить пятую волну эмиграции из России и оценить ее влияние на экономическое развитие страны исхода; разработать рекомендации по оптимизации мер государственной политики в сфере миграции. К научной новизне можно отнести само определение вида пятой волны миграции в Российской Федерации, а именно, утечка умов или же циркулирующая миграция. Практическая значимость магистерской работы проявляется в возможности определения вида миграции и последующем разработке мер государственной политики, направленных на оптимизацию миграционной ситуации. Результаты исследования могут послужить основой для принятия решений о привлечении и удержании высококвалифицированных кадров, а также для создания условий, способствующих циркуляции мигрантов и внесению ими позитивного вклада в экономику и социальную сферу страны. / The volume of the master's thesis is 115 pages, including 92 pages of main text (without a list of references), 8 tables, 12 figures and appendices are used for illustration. The bibliographic list consists of 76 sources. The relevance of the topic of the master's thesis is due to the fact that since 2010 there has been a new wave of emigration from Russia associated with the global economic crisis, the consequences of which require detailed analysis. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of emigration from Russia and develop recommendations for optimizing state migration policy measures: study theories and concepts of migration; analyze the features of international migration in Russia as part of demographic processes; analyze the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of waves of emigration from Russia; study the fifth wave of emigration from Russia and assess its impact on the economic development of the country of origin; develop recommendations for optimizing state policy measures in the field of migration. The scientific novelty includes the very definition of the type of fifth wave of migration in the Russian Federation, namely, brain drain or circulating migration. The practical significance of the master's work is manifested in the possibility of determining the type of migration and the subsequent development of public policy measures aimed at optimizing the migration situation. The results of the study can serve as a basis for making decisions on attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, as well as creating conditions that facilitate the circulation of migrants and their positive contribution to the economy and social sphere of the country.