Given a lack of tactics for addressing brand hate, most managers tend to ignore brand haters, and instead dedicate their resources towards consumers who like or love their brand. Similarly, relative to the volume of research on positive brand emotions, the academic literature exploring negative brand emotions is limited. Moreover, research indicates that compared to positive brand information, negative brand information is more diagnostic, and ultimately more damaging. In contrast to such findings and practices, this dissertation proposes a strategy whereby using advertising to openly acknowledge that a brand is hated (i.e. hate-acknowledging advertising) can be advantageous for corporate polarizing brands. The findings suggest that, compared to a traditional ad (i.e., an ad which only focuses on positive brand attributes or information), a hate-acknowledging produces higher levels of brand trust through the mediating influence of ad credibility. This research also demonstrates that hate-acknowledging advertising (vs. traditional advertising) has a stronger and more favorable influence on consumer intentions to engage in positive word of mouth, and that consumer brand emotions moderate this effect. Specifically, the favorable influence of hate-acknowledging on positive word of mouth intensifies with higher levels of consumer love towards a polarizing brand.

The aim of this work is to summarize and develop the current theoretical knowledge of the brand and its dissemination. These findings verify the theoretical reality of brand management of selected brands Fischer on the Czech market. Analyze the current state of the spread of the brand Fischer, to express its marketing value and suggest possible improvements. Result of the analysis are then specific recommendations for the brand. Objective evaluation of the brand is also found their place in the market.

The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate how FMCG companies respect the personality of the brand during promotion on social networks, and whether it is consistent with their communication in other types of media. The partial aim is to assess how opinions of marketing experts are different. The theoretical part is prepared on the basis of secondary sources of information, especially professional publications. The practical part summarizes the findings from quantitative content analysis and expert interviews with employees of companies. Based on these interviews a summary and suggested possible improvements is in the conclusion of the thesis.

Includes bibliographical references / Gender identification behaviour has altered drastically within the last decade. Consequently, there has been a noteworthy rise in the amount of androgynous individuals. Gender identity congruity theory posits that individuals display more favourable behavioural outcomes towards brands that possess similar images or identities to their own. Further, contemporary consumers express their identities via their brand choices. Thus, there is a strong implication that introducing an androgynous brand could prove to be a lucrative strategy for marketers. However, gendering brands as either masculine or feminine prevails as the most commonly employed strategy to differentiate a brand and appeal to target audiences. Introducing androgynous brands through a brand extension could prove to be less risky and costly than introducing such a brand as a novel, stand-alone offering. This study examined gender identity's potential influence on the evaluation of an androgynous brand extension. Further, it investigated the potential influence of three key factors on this central relationship: self-concept, product category and the gender of the parent brand. With regard to these moderators, it was posited that first, if the brand's image aligned with one's self-concept the evaluation of the androgynous brand extension would be more favourable. Distinction was made between actual and ideal self-concept. Second, a distinction could be made between functional and symbolic product categories with regards to the influence that gender identity exerted on brand extension evaluation. And third, that the gender of the parent brand would influence the evaluation of the androgynous brand extension. Subsequently, a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment was administered to a quota-controlled non-probability sample of Generation Y consumers. The findings demonstrated that gender identity influences the evaluation of an androgynous brand extension. Furthermore, self-concept moderated this relationship between gender identity and brand extension evaluation. The product category wherein the androgynous brand extension was implemented was evidenced to affect individuals' evaluation of the brand extension, with the one introduced in the symbolic product category receiving more favourable evaluations than the extension introduced in the functional category. The gender of the parent brand exerted no influence on brand extension evaluation, where androgynous brand extensions from both feminine and masculine parent brands were evaluated similarly. Self-concept also exerted an effect on brand extension evaluation, with ideal self-concept exerting a stronger influence than actual self-concept. Lastly, individuals were shown to prefer an androgynous brand to a masculine or feminine one. The principal inference resulting from this research is that marketers should strongly consider introducing an androgynous brand extension should they possess a feminine masculine brand within the clothing, deodorant, or similar products categories. Respondents evaluated the androgynous brand extension favourably across both assessed product categories and regardless of whether the brand extension was introduced from a masculine or feminine parent brand. This was observed for all gender identity segments. It is imperative that managers take gender identity and self-concept into account as these identity aspects exert noteworthy influences on individuals' consumption behaviours. However, managers should take note of the evidenced interaction between gender identity and self-concept. Where individuals perceive there to be a high level of congruence between their self-concept and the androgynous brand extension, individuals with high levels of masculinity should not be targeted as they displayed negative evaluations of the brand extension.

Globally, the market for green products and services is worth billions of dollars and is growing year on year at an increasing rate. The following study investigated the congruence between brand image and brand identity within the green marketing space, focusing specifically on Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line of environmentally friendly household cleaning products.Through interviewing Pick ‘n Pay’s brand manager for their Green Line and one hundred shoppers at Pick ‘n Pay’s on Nicol store in Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa, the brand identity and brand image were both respectively characterised. Data was also gathered from the shoppers to allow the brand loyalty and brand equity generated to be determined.This research identified that for Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line to generate positive brand loyalty and brand equity:<ul><li> A strong alignment between brand image and brand identity must be achieved;</li><li> There must be a strong believability of the green claims made; and</li><li> The credibility (trustworthiness) of the green claims must be sound.</il></ul>A model designed specifically to illustrate and summarise the findings of the research is later presented with the aim of providing brand managers who oversee products with green credentials a quick and simple guide to ensure all is being done to ensure that brand loyalty and brand equity for their products may be maximized. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The purpose of the research study was to build a deeper understanding of negative brand experiences for consumers at the Bottom of the pyramid segment. The research took an approach of looking at a negative brand experience from end to end, by focusing on elements such as brand contacts, triggers and customer response across different experience dimensions. The literature asserts that for companies to succeed at the Bottom of the Pyramid they need to forego existing assumptions, companies must realise that low income consumers are brand conscious in order to build successful brands. Building successful brands at this market involves offering more than just a functional offering but creating an emotional bond through positive experiences. Such experiences are created each time one is in contact with one of the brand touch-points. The qualitative study showed that consumers value being treated with respect in addition to the provision of a product or service. It also shows that negative brand experiences can happen at various points for both products and services irrespective of whether a product is regarded as hedonic or utilitarian. The nature of negative word of mouth within this segment needs to be explored further as the study showed that there are other factors that influence one to spread negative word of mouth. The research study also shows that consumers are sensitive to brands that demonstrate not to care or those that break trust as such experiences lead to strong negative emotions. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Companies compete for employees based on their perceived employer brand value. This study investigates what influences a strong or weak employer brand has on the preference for total rewards. The results should assist remuneration agents in appropriately leveraging the company’s employer brand value, as a factor, when compiling a total rewards package for potential employees. A questionnaire was developed, asking participants to indicate their preferences relating to total rewards in the context of their current employer, with regard to stronger and weaker employer brands. Results of the study indicate that potential employees would require financial reward increases in the range of 15% - 30% in order to change employment, irrespective of whether it is perceived as a strong or weak employer brand. It was observed that a stronger employer brand could offer increases closer to the bottom of the range compared to weaker employer brands which would have to pay a premium to the top end of the range Employer brand value appears to increase the total reward costs for companies, irrespective of how the brand is perceived. It is however beneficial to be viewed as a strong employer brand, as the value of this perception translates to a smaller premium compared to weaker employer brands. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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Systembolaget är ett statligt företag som har i uppdrag att reglera alkoholkonsumtionen i Sverige. I detta ska de informera samhället om alkoholens risker, vilket förmedlas genom deras varumärke. Vi fann ett intresse att undersöka hur konsumenterna uppfattar Systembolaget som varumärke i förhållande till detta uppdrag för att på så vis ge en förklaring till imagen, och genom detta skapa en djupare förståelse för Systembolagets varumärkesidentitet. För att ge svar åt studiens syfte är en kvalitativ fallstudie använd som metod. Vidare undersöktes konsumenternas uppfattningar genom intervjumetodik. Empirin analyserades med hjälp av en fenomenografisk ansats, vilket vidare har satts i förhållande till en analysmodell som framkom ur tidigare forskning. Det teoretiska ramverket grundar sig i de senare årens forskning som menar att konsumenterna kan ses som medskapare av varumärket. Därav är teorin anpassat i enlighet med denna forskning och centrerat kring förståelsen att konsumenternas uppfattningar, det vill säga imagen, även påverkar varumärkesidentiten. Resultatet visar på motstridigheter kring Systembolagets varumärkesimage. Respondenterna har generellt positiva upplevelser i kontakt med Systembolaget, men uppfattningarna är starkt präglade av associationer kopplade till företagets statliga uppdrag. Vi finner en stark koppling mellan de olika aspekter som ingår i vår analysmodell, vilken har till syfte att undersöka de olika delarna av imagen. Det finns ett tydligt förhållande dem emellan, och i enlighet med tidigare forskning kan vi se att de påverkar och påverkas av varandra. / Systembolaget is a state owned company with the assignment to control alcohol consumption in Sweden. As a part of this, they shall inform society about the risks of alcohol, which is mediated through their brand. We found an interest to research and analyze how consumers perceive Systembolaget as a brand in relation to this assignment, and thereby create a deeper understanding of their brand image and thus their brand identity. In order to answer the purpose of the study, we have conducted a qualitative case study. Furthermore, we have examined the consumer perceptions through an interview methodology. The empirical data were analyzed using phenomenographic methodology, which lastly has been compared to an analysis model that emerged from previous research. The theoretical framework is based on the later years of research which states that consumers can be seen as co-creators of the brand. Hence, the theory is adapted in accordance with this research and centered on the understanding that consumer perceptions, i.e. the image, also affects brand identity. The result shows inconsistencies in the brand image of Systembolaget. The respondents generally have positive experiences in contact with the brand, but the perceptions are strongly influenced by associations linked to the company's state assignment. We find a strong link between the different aspects included in our analysis model, which aims to analyze the various parts of the brand image. There is a clear coherence between the aspects, and in line with previous research, we can see that they both affect and are affected by each other.

This thesis focuses on clarifying how brand loyalty interplays with brand satisfaction. As most research conducted on this subject have been quantitative, this study takes a qualitative approach as a way to further describe the interplay on an individual level in a specific context, in this case the clothing industry. It has been conducted through semi-structured interviews, using seven heterogeneously brand loyal informants who answered questions concerning their brand satisfaction and brand loyalty towards brands within the clothing industry. The results demonstrates that there are significant differences in the interplay on the individual level, though most of these can be explained through previous research. Furthermore, there is considerable differences between interplay that can be explained by the brand loyalty levels of the informants. The interplay was clear amongst manifestly brand satisfied consumers. Subcategories to mental brand loyalty influenced both brand loyalty and brand satisfaction and the identification-subcategory had a distinct influence on the reasoning of all consumers.