Digitized from microfiche to pdf. / Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Human and Animal Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 1998. / Please refer to full text.

Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Luiz Francisco Prata / Banca: Gilson Helio Toniollo / Banca: Adriana Alonso Novais / Banca: Fabiana Garcia Christovão / Resumo: Objetivou-se a determinação das concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, uréia, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cloro (Cl-), cálcio ionizado (Ca++) e fósforo (P) de éguas das raças Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Bretão não prenhes e prenhes, em diferentes períodos de gestação. Foram efetuadas colheitas de sangue das éguas vazias e prenhes de acordo com a raça e o período de gestação: Inicial (25 a 110 dias), intermediário (111 a 210 dias) e final (211 a 340 dias). Os íons de Na + e K+ foram determinados por meio de um equipamento seletor de íons. Para mensuração do fibrinogênio utilizou-se um coagulômetro. As demais variáveis foram dosadas através de um sistema de reagentes comerciais. As éguas não prenhes foram observadas diferenças entre as raças BH e Bretão para as variáveis albumina e bilirrubina indireta, enquanto nas prenhes ocorreram diferenças entre raças no decorrer da gestação para fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, fibrinogênio, proteína total, albumina, globulinas, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e totais, sódio, potássio, cloro, cálcio e fósforo. Detectou-se, no decorrer da prenhez, tendência a elevação dos valores de fibrinogênio e globulinas. As concentrações séricas de creatinina, fosfatase alcalina proteína total, Cl- e K+ se mantiveram praticamente inalterados durante a gestação. Os valores de AST, albumina, bilirrubinas direta, indireta e total, Na+ e Ca++ mostraram tendência à diminuição, enquanto as concentrações de uréia e de P flutuaram sem um padrão definido durante a gestação. As variações observadas nos parâmetros estudados refletem alterações no metabolismo e na homeostasia das raças BH e Bretão durante a gestação. / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine serum aspartate amino tranferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca++) and phosphorus (P) of pregnant and nonpregnant mares of Brazilian Sport Horse (BH) and Breton breeds, in different pregnancy moments. Blood samples were obtained from pregnant and nonpregnant mares of both breeds, divided into three groups as follows: initial group - 25 to 110 days of pregnancy; intermediary group - 111 to 210 days of pregnancy; final group - 221 to 340 days of pregnancy. Na+ and K+ were determined by ionic selection. Fibrinogen was measured by coagulometry. The other values were obtained by a commercial reaction system. Comparing BH and Breton breeds, nonpregnant mares presented different serum concentrations of albumin and unconjugated bilirubin. Pregnant mares presented differences between the breeds when compared serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, globulins, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++ and P. During the pregnancy it was observed a tendency to increase of serum fibrinogen and globulins however serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, Cl- and K+ have not changed. Serum AST, albumin, conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin, Na+ and Ca++ showed a tendency to decrease while serum urea and P values remained relatively constant during the pregnancy. Changes observed in the concentrations of the studied parameters showed metabolic and homeostatic differences between BH and Breton mares during pregnancy. / Doutor

Foram enfocadas neste presente estudo, 3 raças de cães, ou seja, Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si, sendo coletados 4 encéfalos de cada raça. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axióscopio Zeiss®, acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 versão 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. Os fatores raças, áreas e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de corpos de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. / They had been focused in this present study three dog breeds: Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, with types constitutional and aptitudes functional characteristic and between itself, being collected 4 brains of each race. Of the brians they had been removed slices of the different areas of the brain cortex, that they had been prepared second conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were reached, mainly between brain areas versus breed associating types constitutional and aptitudes functional. The slices were analyzed with aid of Axióscopio Zeiss® connected to the program of analysis of images KS-400 version 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. The factors races, areas and brain hemispheres can be changeable dependents between itself, therefore estatisticament significant differences in corresponding values to the average of bodies of neurons of the areas studied in the different races had been found, as well as between the brain hemispheres.

A produção de bezerros de corte que atenda ao mercado consumidor é de extrema importância, uma vez que existem fatores capazes de influenciar o preço dos animais durante a sua comercialização. Desta maneira, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a variação no preço de bezerros em relação ao preço do boi gordo, bem como os efeitos do grupo genético e do sexo de bezerros sobre os preços praticados em leilões no estado de Santa Catarina (SC). Foram avaliados 33.143 animais, constituindo 3.587 lotes em 47 leilões realizados entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. Os lotes de bezerros eram separados em machos (M) e fêmeas (F) e foram classificados em cinco grupos genéticos de acordo com o biotipo racial: britânicos e seus cruzamentos (BX); continentais e seus cruzamentos (CX); cruzamento entre britânicos e continentais (BC); zebuínos e seus cruzamentos (ZX) e cruzamento entre Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus (TI). Todos os preços nominais de comercialização foram deflacionados pelo índice geral dos preços – disponibilidade interna (IGP-DI), para maio de 2014. Os dados não atenderam aos pressupostos da análise de variância, sendo então, realizada uma análise não paramétrica a partir do teste de Friedman e Kruskall-Wallis (post-hoc de Dunn) com o auxílio do software SPSS 20.0. O preço pago pelos bezerros acompanhou a variação ocorrida no preço do boi gordo, sendo que no ano de 2014 o preço do bezerro atingiu seu maior valor nominal (R$ 5,36/kg; P<0,05). Os M são comercializados a preços 7,8% superiores ao das F, porém essa diferença foi influenciada pelo ano de análise, onde a menor diferença entre sexos ocorreu nos períodos de redução no preço do boi gordo em SC (2012 e 2013). Os M pertencentes ao grupo genético ZX e TI foram os que receberam menores preços (R$ 4,49/kg e R$ 4,64/kg, respectivamente) quando comparados aos outros grupos (P<0,05). Por outro lado, as bezerras do grupo BX receberam maiores preços a partir de 2011, em comparação aos grupos CX, BC, TI e ZX (8,1, 8,5, 14,7 e 16,5%, respectivamente). Assim, conclui-se que o preço dos bezerros acompanha a variação ocorrida no preço do boi gordo. Além disso, o sexo e diferentes grupos genéticos são fatores capazes de influenciar no preço de comercialização de bezerros na região de SC. Desta forma, os fatores que afetam o preço dos bezerros podem ser ajustados através da seleção genética. / The production of calves that attend consumer market is of utmost importance, as there are factors that can influence the price of animals during their marketing. This manner, it developed this study with the objective to investigate variation in calves price in relation to the price of cattle and the effects of genetic group and calves sex on prices at auctions in the state of Santa Catarina (SC). We evaluated 33.143 animals, representing 3.587 lots in 47 auctions from 2009 to 2014. The calves were classified according to genetic group: British breed or cross-breeding (BX); Continental breed or cross-breeding (CX); Zebu breed or cross-breeding (ZC); British and Continental cross-breeding (BC); Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cross-breeding (TI). The lots were composed of male (M) and females (F) calves. Nominal sales prices were deflated for May 2014. The data did not meet the assumptions of analysis of variance and non-parametric analysis was performed from the Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (post-hoc Dunn) with the SPSS 20.0 software. The years presenting low and high changes in the price of calves were similar to the variation in the price of beef cattle, and in 2014 the calf price reached its highest value (R$ 5.36; P<0.05). The M are sold at prices higher than F (average 7.8%) calves, but this difference was driven by year of analysis, where the closest approach occurred during periods of reduction in the price of live cattle in SC (2012 and 2013). The M of genetic group ZX and TI received on average lower prices (R$ 4.49 and R$ 4.64, respectively) compared to the other groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, the F heifers from BX group received higher average prices in 2011 compared to the CX group, BC, IT and ZX (8.1, 8.5, 14.7 and 16.5%, respectively). Thus, it was concluded that the price of calves accompanies the variation in the price of cattle. In addition, sex and different genetic groups are factors that impact on the market price of calves in the SC region. This way, the factors that affect the price of calves can be adjusted through genetic selection.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal efetuar a caracterizaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo do desempenho econÃmico dos sistemas de produÃÃo de ovinos da raÃa Morada Nova no Estado do CearÃ. Para tanto foram aplicados questionÃrios junto aos produtores de ovinos da raÃa Morada Nova no Estado do CearÃ. Para caracterizaÃÃo tÃcnica, dividiu-se o sistema de produÃÃo de ovinos em quatro componentes: gerenciamento do produtor, infra-estrutura do sistema de produÃÃo, manejo dos rebanhos e desempenho dos rebanhos. Em seguida, foram determinados os Ãndices tecnolÃgicos para cada componente, separadamente e para o conjunto deles, com base na respectiva tecnologia recomendada. Para a caracterizaÃÃo socioeconÃmica dos produtores, foram analisados sete fatores, a saber: infra-estrutura e produÃÃo de volumosos, rebanhos e manejo de produÃÃo, produÃÃo, aspectos ambientais, mÃo-de-obra, crÃdito rural e administraÃÃo do empreendimento. A anÃlise econÃmica foi feita utilizando-se a metodologia do Sistema Integrado de Custos AgropecuÃrios â CUSTAGRI. Foram identificados quatro nÃveis tecnolÃgicos de sistemas de produÃÃo que foram usados para a anÃlise dos aspectos socioeconÃmicos, estimativas de custos e avaliaÃÃo de rentabilidade. Os sistemas de produÃÃo de ovinos Morados Nova mais tecnificados mostraram-se lucrativos e capazes de viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel no meio rural, proporcionando a fixaÃÃo do homem no campo com emprego e renda. As principais dificuldades observadas pelos produtores estÃo ligadas à mÃo-de-obra desqualificada, polÃticas de crÃdito insuficientes e falta de polÃticas pÃblicas focadas na atividade. / This chapter has the aim to make the technical analysis of production systems in Morada Nova sheep to complement the project "Characterization and basis for the genetic improvement of sheep Morada Nova", coordinated by Embrapa Goats and Sheep, with the financial support of Banco do Nordeste (FUNDECI / ETENE). In order to achieve this objective, primary research was conducted with data collected through the application of questionnaires to the sheep farmers of the municip ality of Morada Nova, Cearà State. To assess the technological level, the system of sheep was divided into four components: the producer management, infrastructure, production system, herd management and performance of the herds. Next, we determined the te chnological indices for each component separately and for all of them, based on its recommended technology. We found four production systems baptized by the technology index for each producer, being called "high technology gap" - level D, "regular technolog ical gap" - level C, "low technology gap" - level B and "high art " - level A. It was found that 17% of farmers fall in the level A, 33% at level B, Level C in 33% and 17% at level D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000- Flavia Santos Pinto.pdf: 229877 bytes, checksum: 5ac9dc34947f0f90f514886c5e4e15e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-02-28 / The natural sensitivity of two breeds of rabbit, White New Zealand (WNZ) e California (CA), and their crossbreeds (CB) to Rhipicephalus sanguineus were compared under experimental conditions. Three rabbits of each breed, without previously tick exposure, were infested once with 2300 larvae, 100 nymphs and 40 adults (20 males + 20 females). The experiment with the parasitic phase was conducted in the environment while the free-living phase was conducted under 27 ? 1? C, 80 ? 10 % relative humidity and scotophase. The dynamic of the sensitivity had in the larvae phase a variation statistically significant (p<0.05) in the pr?ecdise period, with the best performance in the CB group. However, the percentage of recovery was greater in the treatment of WNZ. In the adult phase, females of the WNZ group presented a greater mean weight (p<0.0) e did not differ from the Nutritional Efficiency Index(NEI) from CB, which had the best performance. For larvae of the females in the three treatments the only statistic variation (p<0.05) was with the period hatching, where the CA group presented the smallest period, the CB group presented the greatest and the WNZ group did not change statistically in the both. The life cycle in all three groups was very close, without great differences according to the treatment received. / A sensibilidade natural a Rhipicephalus sanguineus de duas ra?as de coelhos, Nova Zel?ndia e Calif?rnia, e seus mesti?os foi comparada em condi??es experimentais. Tr?s coelhos de cada ra?a, sem contato pr?vio com carrapatos, foram infestados uma ?nica vez com 2300 larvas, 100 ninfas e 40 adultos (20 machos + 20 f?meas). O experimento com a fase parasit?ria foi conduzido no meio ambiente enquanto que o da fase de vida livre foi conduzido a 27 ? 1? C, 80 ? 10 % de umidade relativa e escotofase. A din?mica da sensibilidade obteve na fase larval uma varia??o estatisticamente significativa ( p< 0,05) no per?odo de pr?-ecdise com melhor desempenho no grupo Mesti?o, por?m o percentual de recupera??o foi maior no tratamento Nova Zel?ndia. N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa (p> 0,05) na fase de ninfas, onde o grupo de melhor desempenho foi o Calif?rnia. Na fase adulta , as f?meas do grupo Nova Zel?ndia apresentaram maior peso m?dio(p<0,05) e n?o diferiram para o ?ndice de Efici?ncia Nutricional do tratamento Mesti?o, o qual teve melhor desempenho. Para larvas oriundas das f?meas que passaram pelos tr?s tratamentos a ?nica varia??o estat?stica (p<0,05) foi com o per?odo de eclos?o, onde o grupo Calif?rnia apresentou menor per?odo, o grupo Mesti?o o maior e Nova Zel?ndia n?o variou estatisticamente destes dois. O ciclo biol?gico nos tr?s grupos foi muito pr?ximo, sem grandes diferen?as de acordo com o tratamento recebido.

In the present study samples from four native Turkish Cattle Breeds / South Anatolian Red (n= 48), East Anatolian Red (n= 34), Anatolian Black (n= 42) and Turkish Grey (n=46) and elite bulls of Holstein (n=21) were genotyped with respect to two milk production enhancer genes, Prolactin (PRL) and Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), and one disease (Complex Vertebral Malformation) causing gene (SLC35A3). A allele frequency for PRL gene, believed to be positively associated with the milk yield in cattle, ranged between 0.5645 (Anatolian Black) - 0.7558 (South Anatolian Red). K allele frequency which is thought to be related with the milk fat content in cattle varied between 0.7794 (East Anatolian Red) - 0.9250 (Anatolian Black). Complex Vertebral Malformation gene was not observed in any of the examined individuals (n= 164), hence, SLC35A3 locus was monomorphic. Pairwise Fst values based on the two polymorphic loci revealed that breeds are not significantly different from each other with respect to these two genes. Correlations, but weak, between the PRL A allele frequency and milk yield and similarly DGAT1 K allele and milk fat content was observed, Principle Component Analysis generated two compound axis based on the two polymorphic loci. Positions of the breeds on the first axis were correlated with the milk fat content of the breeds, perfectly. Again, positions of the breeds on the second axis were correlated with the milk yield of the breeds. Furthermore, PCA revealed that both A of PRL and K of DGAT1 genes seemed to have contributions in milk yield Results are believed to be useful for the management efforts of Turkish native cattle breeds.

In the present study, within and among breed genetic variability in seven native Turkish sheep breeds (Akkaraman, Dagli&ccedil / , G&ouml / k&ccedil / eada, ivesi, Karayaka, Kivircik and Morkaraman) were analyzed based on 20 microsatellite loci. For the analysis, various statistical methods such as Neighbor-Net, Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) and Structure were used. High level of genetic variability within the Turkish breeds was observed. Gene pools of the breeds were visualized and found that they are highly overlapping with each other. As one of the reasons of this overlap, genetic exchange between the breeds was suggested. Dagli&ccedil / , claimed to be the ancestors of first domestic sheep in Anatolia, seemed to be the most admixed one. Yet Dagli&ccedil / , despite being the most introgressed one, still might be exhibiting its uniqueness. Observations implied that conservation practices concerning Dagli&ccedil / must be urgently revised. Results of the present study do not support previous observations about the genetic differentiation patterns of the breeds within Anatolia. Possible reasons of the discrepancies between the observations were discussed. Genetically extreme individuals can be identified by Structure, Assignment and FCA tests. These methods are found to be promising in establishing new relatively pure breeds or in saving the breeds from further genetic contamination. Genetically outlier individuals were shown not to exhibit any distinct morphological differences. Unknown band patterns were found by RFLP and SSCP of mtDNA Control Region and the individuals harboring those were sequenced. They were shown to belong to the common haplogroups A, B or C. No novel haplogroup was found.

In the present study, within and among breed genetic diversity in thirteen Turkish sheep breeds (Sakiz, Karag&uuml / l, Hemsin, &Ccedil / ine &Ccedil / apari, Norduz, Herik, Akkaraman, Dagli&ccedil / , G&ouml / k&ccedil / eada, Ivesi, Karayaka, Kivircik and Morkaraman / in total represented by 628 individuals) were analyzed based on 20 microsatellite loci. Loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reactions and products were electronically recorded and converted into [628 x 20] matrix representing genotypes of individuals. Reliability of the genotyping and genetic diversity analyses were done by means of various bioinformatics tools. For the analyses, various statistical methods (Fisher&#039 / s Exact Test, Neighbor-Joining tree construction, Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA), Analysis of Molecular Variation, Structure Analysis and Delaunay Analysis) were used. Since, inputs of some software were not compatible with the outputs of other software some Java classes were written whenever necessary. Analyses revealed that among the major breeds Dagli&ccedil / , Karayaka and Morkaraman breeds are highly admixed but Kivircik, Akkaraman and Ivesi are relatively distinct. Among the minor breeds, distinctness of Hemsin, Sakiz, &Ccedil / ine &Ccedil / apari, G&ouml / k&ccedil / eada and Karag&uuml / l are more pronounced compared to all of the examined breeds. Since highly admixed individuals can be identified by Structure and FCA tests, results of the present study, which is part of a national project with the acronym TURKHAYGEN-I (www.turkhaygen.gov.tr), were found to be promising in establishing and managing relatively pure conservation flocks for the Turkish native sheep breeds which are believed to be the reservoirs of genetic variability.

v It was found that most of the classical scrapie genotypes belong to R3 risk group, whereas atypical scrapie genotypes belonging to zero (0) and one (1) risk groups were frequently seen in sheep analyzed. In other words, Turkish sheep is found to have intermediate risk of classical scrapie and low atypical scrapie risk, in general. The data from the current study may help to establish a breeding program for classical scrapie control in Turkey and will be beneficial for both the animal and public health in the country. In addition, the outcomes of the study will fill the gap which is present in the geographic distribution data of PrP gene polymorphisms in Eurasia.Scrapie is an infectious fatal disease of sheep and goats which affects the central nervous system. In the present study, samples of 14 native Turkish sheep breeds (n=655) were analyzed with respect to their polymorphisms of PrP gene (at codons: 136, 141, 154 and 171) and their classical and atypical scrapie risk levels were identified. Turkish sheep are found to have the highest PrP genetic variability with 13 classical scrapie alleles and 14 atypical scrapie alleles compared to all previous studies. Classical scrapie-susceptible and wild-type ARQ allele was found as the most frequent allele in Turkish sheep examined. The most classical scrapie-susceptible allele, VRQ was detected at low frequencies in 5 of the breeds (&Ccedil / ine &Ccedil / apari, Dagli&ccedil / , Kivircik, Karayaka and G&ouml / k&ccedil / eada). One novel allele (TL141HQ) was observed in Sakiz breed for the first time in this study.