Submitted by Rafael Vitor Ferreira null (raphael_vfe@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-30T22:23:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DiSSERTAÇÃO Rafael Vitor Ferreira.pdf: 927532 bytes, checksum: a411b3eb773aa86dde595844a8179323 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-04T16:31:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_rv_me_ilha.pdf: 832160 bytes, checksum: a11ba065cb8c325bcc5466028cd03cc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-04T16:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_rv_me_ilha.pdf: 832160 bytes, checksum: a11ba065cb8c325bcc5466028cd03cc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é disponibilizar dados de desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo de suínos da raça Moura mantidos em sistema semi-intensivo, bem como avaliar o potencial de utilização do cruzamento de fêmeas Moura com macho sintético, MS115, para produção de leitões. Os dados utilizados no estudo fazem parte do banco de dados do setor de suínos da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Unesp – Campus de Ilha Solteira - SP. No primeiro estudo foram selecionados e classificados resultados de desempenho reprodutivo (nascidos totais, nascidos vivos, perdas, mortalidade 1 a 21 dias, mortalidade do nascimento ao desmame, peso ao nascimento, peso aos 21 dias, peso aos desmame, ganho de peso até 21 dias e ganho de peso diário até o desmame) de 332 parições oriundas de acasalamento entre machos e fêmeas da raça Moura no período de 2006 a 2016. Para a classificação foram consideradas as ordens de parto (da primeira à sétima) e as estações do ano (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). A estação do ano pouco influenciou no desempenho das matrizes, mas os partos de 4ª e 5ª ordem apresentaram os melhores resultados para número de nascidos vivos e peso ao nascimento. No segundo estudo foram avaliados 60 partos, 30 provenientes do acasalamento de machos e fêmeas puros da raça Moura, e 30 provenientes do cruzamento entre fêmeas Moura e machos MS115, totalizando 526 leitões para avaliação até o desmame. Os partos foram classificados de acordo com a origem genética do macho, ordem de parto e estação do ano. De forma geral a origem do macho não interferiu (P>0,05) no número total de leitões nascidos/parto, leitões vivos/parto e taxas de mortalidade, porém o cruzamento da fêmea Moura com o macho MS115 promoveu melhor (P<0,05) desempenho das leitegadas até o desmame. Independente da origem genética do macho, para 3ª ordem de parto foi observado o maior de leitões nascidos e leitões vivos/parto (P<0,05), mas também a maior mortalidade até o desmame. / The objective of this study is to provide data for reproductive and productive performance Moura breed sows kept in semi-intensive system and to evaluate the potential use of Moura sows crossing with synthetic male, MS115, for the production of piglets. The data used in the study are part of the pig farm database of Farm Research, Education and Extension UNESP –Ilha Solteira - SP. In the first study were selected and classified results of reproductive performance (total number of piglets born/parturition, alive piglets/parturition, losses, mortality 1 to 21 days, mortality at weaning, birth weight, weight at 21 days, weight at weaning, daily weight gain up to 21 days and daily weight gain until weaning) 332 parities derived from mating between males and females of Moura breed from 2006 to 2016. For classification were considered the parturition order (the first to seventh) and seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The season had little influence on the performance of the sows, but the 4th and 5th birth order showed the best results for number of live births and birth weight. In the second study we evaluated 60 births, 30 from the mating males and females of Moura breed and 30 from the cross between Moura sows and MS115males, totaling 526 piglets for evaluation until weaning. The births were classified according to genetic male, parturition order and season. In general, the male origin did not affect (P>0.05) the total number of piglets born/parturition, living piglets/parturition and mortality rates, but the crossing between Moura female and MS115male promoted better (P <0.05) performance of piglets until weaning. Regardless of the genetic male origin, in the 3rd parturition order occurred the largest number of piglets born/parturition and alive piglets/parturition(P<0.05), but also the highest mortality until weaning(P<0.05).

Orientador: Rosemeira da Silva Filardi / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é disponibilizar dados de desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo de suínos da raça Moura mantidos em sistema semi-intensivo, bem como avaliar o potencial de utilização do cruzamento de fêmeas Moura com macho sintético, MS115, para produção de leitões. Os dados utilizados no estudo fazem parte do banco de dados do setor de suínos da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Unesp – Campus de Ilha Solteira - SP. No primeiro estudo foram selecionados e classificados resultados de desempenho reprodutivo (nascidos totais, nascidos vivos, perdas, mortalidade 1 a 21 dias, mortalidade do nascimento ao desmame, peso ao nascimento, peso aos 21 dias, peso aos desmame, ganho de peso até 21 dias e ganho de peso diário até o desmame) de 332 parições oriundas de acasalamento entre machos e fêmeas da raça Moura no período de 2006 a 2016. Para a classificação foram consideradas as ordens de parto (da primeira à sétima) e as estações do ano (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). A estação do ano pouco influenciou no desempenho das matrizes, mas os partos de 4ª e 5ª ordem apresentaram os melhores resultados para número de nascidos vivos e peso ao nascimento. No segundo estudo foram avaliados 60 partos, 30 provenientes do acasalamento de machos e fêmeas puros da raça Moura, e 30 provenientes do cruzamento entre fêmeas Moura e machos MS115, totalizando 526 leitões para avaliação até o desmame. Os partos foram classificados de acordo com a origem genética do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Orientador: Mário de Beni Arrigoni / Coorientador: Cyntia Ludovico Martins / Banca: Carlos Ducatti / Banca: Paulo Roberto Meirelles / Banca: Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco / Banca: Danilo Domingues Millen / Resumo: Avaliou-se o potencial e viabilidade metodológica da análise de isótopos estáveis de 13C/12C, 15N/14N e 18O/16O no sangue e plasma de bovinos de corte criados em diferentes sistemas de produção no Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram em três sistemas de alimentação de bovinos de corte, sendo: em pasto (PA), em sistema de confinamento de animais recriados (CAR) e confinamento de animais desmamados (CAD). Foram utilizados para análise do plasma 16 bovinos, sendo 6 do PA, 4 do CAR e 6 do CAD. Já para análise do sangue foram utilizados 14 bovinos, sendo 4 do PA, 5 do CAR e 5 do CAD. Para o sangue e também para o plasma, houve distinção para todos sistemas avaliados assumindo maior representatividade na separação o elemento Carbono. Para análise da diferenciação entre os sistemas avaliados, é fundamental a participação dos 3 elementos: Carbono, Nitrogênio e Oxigênio. Para análise isotópica visando a caracterização dos sistemas de produção, recomenda-se o sangue como tecido a ser utilizado. / Abstract: It was evaluated the potential application of stable isotopes methodology of 13C/12C, 15N/14N e 18O/16O in blood and plasma of beef cattle raised under three different production systems in Brazil. Treatments consisted of production systems: pasture (PA), yearling feedlot (CAR), and fed calves feedlot (CAD). For plasma, it was utilized a total of 16 samples (6 of PA, 4 of CAR and 6 of CAD). In addition, for blood it was used 14 samples (4 of PA, 5 of CAR and 5 of CAD). In both types of tissue it was possible to observe production systems differentiation, assuming greater representatively separation of Carbon element. For differentiation of production systems it is highly recommended the inclusion of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen in the analysis. Based on the results, it is recommended to analyze blood for production systems differentiation by stable isotope technique / Doutor

A produção de bezerros de corte que atenda ao mercado consumidor é de extrema importância, uma vez que existem fatores capazes de influenciar o preço dos animais durante a sua comercialização. Desta maneira, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a variação no preço de bezerros em relação ao preço do boi gordo, bem como os efeitos do grupo genético e do sexo de bezerros sobre os preços praticados em leilões no estado de Santa Catarina (SC). Foram avaliados 33.143 animais, constituindo 3.587 lotes em 47 leilões realizados entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. Os lotes de bezerros eram separados em machos (M) e fêmeas (F) e foram classificados em cinco grupos genéticos de acordo com o biotipo racial: britânicos e seus cruzamentos (BX); continentais e seus cruzamentos (CX); cruzamento entre britânicos e continentais (BC); zebuínos e seus cruzamentos (ZX) e cruzamento entre Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus (TI). Todos os preços nominais de comercialização foram deflacionados pelo índice geral dos preços – disponibilidade interna (IGP-DI), para maio de 2014. Os dados não atenderam aos pressupostos da análise de variância, sendo então, realizada uma análise não paramétrica a partir do teste de Friedman e Kruskall-Wallis (post-hoc de Dunn) com o auxílio do software SPSS 20.0. O preço pago pelos bezerros acompanhou a variação ocorrida no preço do boi gordo, sendo que no ano de 2014 o preço do bezerro atingiu seu maior valor nominal (R$ 5,36/kg; P<0,05). Os M são comercializados a preços 7,8% superiores ao das F, porém essa diferença foi influenciada pelo ano de análise, onde a menor diferença entre sexos ocorreu nos períodos de redução no preço do boi gordo em SC (2012 e 2013). Os M pertencentes ao grupo genético ZX e TI foram os que receberam menores preços (R$ 4,49/kg e R$ 4,64/kg, respectivamente) quando comparados aos outros grupos (P<0,05). Por outro lado, as bezerras do grupo BX receberam maiores preços a partir de 2011, em comparação aos grupos CX, BC, TI e ZX (8,1, 8,5, 14,7 e 16,5%, respectivamente). Assim, conclui-se que o preço dos bezerros acompanha a variação ocorrida no preço do boi gordo. Além disso, o sexo e diferentes grupos genéticos são fatores capazes de influenciar no preço de comercialização de bezerros na região de SC. Desta forma, os fatores que afetam o preço dos bezerros podem ser ajustados através da seleção genética. / The production of calves that attend consumer market is of utmost importance, as there are factors that can influence the price of animals during their marketing. This manner, it developed this study with the objective to investigate variation in calves price in relation to the price of cattle and the effects of genetic group and calves sex on prices at auctions in the state of Santa Catarina (SC). We evaluated 33.143 animals, representing 3.587 lots in 47 auctions from 2009 to 2014. The calves were classified according to genetic group: British breed or cross-breeding (BX); Continental breed or cross-breeding (CX); Zebu breed or cross-breeding (ZC); British and Continental cross-breeding (BC); Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cross-breeding (TI). The lots were composed of male (M) and females (F) calves. Nominal sales prices were deflated for May 2014. The data did not meet the assumptions of analysis of variance and non-parametric analysis was performed from the Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (post-hoc Dunn) with the SPSS 20.0 software. The years presenting low and high changes in the price of calves were similar to the variation in the price of beef cattle, and in 2014 the calf price reached its highest value (R$ 5.36; P<0.05). The M are sold at prices higher than F (average 7.8%) calves, but this difference was driven by year of analysis, where the closest approach occurred during periods of reduction in the price of live cattle in SC (2012 and 2013). The M of genetic group ZX and TI received on average lower prices (R$ 4.49 and R$ 4.64, respectively) compared to the other groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, the F heifers from BX group received higher average prices in 2011 compared to the CX group, BC, IT and ZX (8.1, 8.5, 14.7 and 16.5%, respectively). Thus, it was concluded that the price of calves accompanies the variation in the price of cattle. In addition, sex and different genetic groups are factors that impact on the market price of calves in the SC region. This way, the factors that affect the price of calves can be adjusted through genetic selection.

Foram enfocadas neste presente estudo, 3 raças de cães, ou seja, Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si, sendo coletados 4 encéfalos de cada raça. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axióscopio Zeiss&reg;, acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 versão 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss&reg;. Os fatores raças, áreas e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de corpos de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. / They had been focused in this present study three dog breeds: Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, with types constitutional and aptitudes functional characteristic and between itself, being collected 4 brains of each race. Of the brians they had been removed slices of the different areas of the brain cortex, that they had been prepared second conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were reached, mainly between brain areas versus breed associating types constitutional and aptitudes functional. The slices were analyzed with aid of Axióscopio Zeiss&reg; connected to the program of analysis of images KS-400 version 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss&reg;. The factors races, areas and brain hemispheres can be changeable dependents between itself, therefore estatisticament significant differences in corresponding values to the average of bodies of neurons of the areas studied in the different races had been found, as well as between the brain hemispheres.

The study aims to determine the contribution made by available ram growth- and breed standard parameters on the sale price of auctioned rams in Namibia. These findings serve as an indication of the importance ram buyers place on individual parameters in selecting rams for breeding purposes. It furthermore tries to establish whether scientific measurement for the estimation of ram breeding values takes precedence over subjective appraisal. The analysis of the 100 day and 270 day growth performance of the progeny of selected Veldram tested rams were used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimation of ram breeding values and may serve to validate the proper execution of these Veldram tests.

Thesis (M.A. Agricultural Management (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The study was carried out to determine influence of socio-economic factors on sheep mortality and sales constraints faced by small-scale sheep farmers of Nkangala District in Mpumalanga province. A field survey was carried out in six local municipalities of Nkangala District. Individual interviews were conducted in 132 households who owned sheep using semi-structured questionnaire. Flock size ranged from 1 – 32 sheep (mean flock size was 21.1). The estimated odds ratio shows that variables such as type of sheep housing, production methods adopted by the farmers, availability of supplementary feed and accessibility of veterinary services and extension service had high probabilities of influencing both sheep mortality and sales, whereas variables such as gender and wealth status of the farmer affected sheep sales, but not significant in affecting sheep mortality. The age of the farmer and sheep breed owned by the farmer were not significant in affecting both sheep mortality and sales. About 90 % of farmers keep sheep for income generation in order to meet family expenditures. Over 70 % of male owned large proportion of sheep across all municipalities, while females and youth were less involved in sheep production across all municipalities. Natural veld was the major source of feed for sheep flocks. In general, majority of farmers sourced their breeding stock from auction while few sourced from commercial farms. About 95 % of respondents kept indigenous sheep breeds. Particular breed of sheep was kept for various reasons which included multiple births, adaptation to environment, good temperament, and good mothering ability. Undefined breeding and lambing seasons across all municipalities was common. The majority of respondents practiced extensive production system with improper sheep housing structures and were more likely to experience feed shortage, high percentage of sheep mortality and low sheep v sales. Low income, inadequate access to veterinary and advisory services affected most of sheep producers and as a result, farmers were not able to provide supplementary feeds and medication for their animals to enhance profitability. Diseases and feed shortage contributed to sheep mortality and low sheep sales. As a result, less number and poor quality of sheep were produced. Lack of financial support and distance to market had negative effect on sales and mortality of sheep on small scale sheep producers. It was concluded that government should strengthen accessibility of veterinary and advisory services by small scale sheep producers, initiate accessible credit schemes and arrange accessible markets for these farmers to ensure sustainable sheep farming.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) model’s performance predictions for lambs under South African conditions using growth and body composition data of early- (Dorper) and late-maturing (South African Mutton Merino), indigenous sheep breeds. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) biological model has consistently been modified to include recent information. This has led to the development of the SRNS model, but up to now the SRNS model has only been validated with European sheep breeds under European conditions. Thirty two Dorper, 16 male and 16 female lambs, and 36 South African Mutton Merino, 18 male and 18 female lambs, were fed a grower diet for the experimental period of 60 days. Three groups of lambs of each breed were slaughtered as the lambs reached pre-determined target weights. The first group of 24 animals (slaughter group 1) was slaughtered at the onset of the experiment at a live weight of 20 kg. With the second group (slaughter group 2) the South African Mutton Merinos were slaughtered at an average weight of 35 kg and the Dorpers at an average weight of 30 kg. The last group (slaughter group 3) had an average weight of 50 kg for the South African Mutton Merinos and 40 kg for the Dorpers at slaughter. Using the data from this trial, predictions of the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (DMI), empty body gain and the composition of the empty body gain were used to evaluate the model. The animals were divided into three slaughter groups, based on growth stage, for the determination of body composition data. Energy value of gain (EVG), fat and protein content on a shrunk and empty body weight basis were compared with the corresponding values predicted by the SRNS. Growth composition of the lambs was determined by dividing them into two growth periods. Average daily gain and DMI were evaluated in the experiment, and results compared to the mean ADG and DMI predictions obtained from the SNRS model. Two different equations were compared to estimate EVG and two sets of coefficients were also compared for the EVG. Five different equations were compared to estimate the efficiency of conversion of metabolisable energy (ME) to net energy (NE) for gain, kg. The correction factor to adjust for the increase in the size of the visceral organs as nutrient intake increases and the coefficient for the effect of gender on maintenance requirements were tested for relevance of use in the SRNS. Overall, based on these evaluations it appears that the original SRNS model gave the best predictions when compared to any of the modifications tested. With regards to ADG the model over-predicts the requirements of the lambs in the early growth stage and under-predicts the requirements of the lambs in the later growth stage. The DMI predictions that were made using the original SRNS were accurate. The evaluation of the SNRS predictions in relation to the composition of gain indicated that this model over-predicted both the fat and the protein content of gain. The predictions were accurate, however the precision was low. The low precision was probably due to the lack of variation in the measured range of fat and protein content of gain. Before field application further studies and adjustments to the SRNS model is required, especially with regard to predictions on the fat and protein content of gain and over or under predictions of ADG during different growth stages of Dorper and South African Mutton Merino lambs. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal science / The quality of cryopreserved Boer goat semen may be influenced by the source and concentration of energy supplements in the extender. The aim of the study was to improve the protocols for cryopreservation of Boer goat spermatozoa using different disaccharides concentrations as supplements in tris- egg yolk extender. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of (a) addition of three disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and trehalose) and (b) disaccharides combination (maltose and trehalose) at different concentrations using tris-egg yolk extender. For experiment 1: the study was replicated six times and was conducted in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with three different sugars (sugars: maltose, sucrose and trehalose), two sugar concentrations (0.12g and 0.22g) and two evaluation times (0 hours before cryopreservation and 120 hours after cryopreservation). For experiment 2: the study was replicated six times and was conducted in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two sugar concentrations (0.12g and 0.22g) and two evaluation times (0 hours before cryopreservation and 120 hours after cryopreservation). Semen ejaculates were collected at 7.00-9.00 am from three Boer goats twice per week. After collection, the semen samples were pooled and diluted with tris-egg yolk extender at the ratio of 1:7 (semen to extender). Sperm quality (progressive motility, non- progressive motility, kinetic motions, viability (live/dead) and morphology) were analyzed using computer aided sperm analyzer (CASA). For experiment 1: sucrose 0.12g had higher progressive motility (PM %) when compared to maltose, and trehalose at 0h but reduced after cryopreservation. Sucrose 0.12 showed high percentage of kinetic motions (straightness and average path velocity) when compared to other sugars at 0 hours. More morphological defects M (CH) were revealed by maltose 0.12 at 0 hours. Sugar type (ST) and evaluation time (ET) showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in progressive motility (PM %), sperm kinetic motion, sperm viability and morphology. For experiment 2: mixed/combined 0.12g (maltose and trehalose) revealed more progressive motility (PM %) at 0h and reduced after cryopreservation. Table 6 and 9: of experiment 1 and 2 showed an interaction caused by sugar concentration level and evaluation time (L X ET) on the percentage of cut head M (CH%) and coiled M(C%) morphological abnormalities. In conclusion addition of maltose 0.12g to the extender showed almost similar results with that of trehalose at 0h and 120h. Therefore addition of maltose and trehalose to the extender might improve the quality of Boer goat spermatozoa prior and post cryopreservation. / NRF

Die bebilderte Broschüre stellt die Zuchtgeschichte, die Nutzung, die Gefährdung und den Bestand sächsischer Nutztierrassen vor. Damit das wertvolle Kulturgut und ihre Vielfalt für nachfolgende Generationen erhalten bleiben, fördert der Freistaat Sachsen die Haltung zahlreicher Rassen. Die Broschüre informiert Züchter und Halter über die Voraussetzungen der Förderung und geht auf spezielle Fördermöglichkeiten bei einzelnen Rassen ein.