Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA13MA114.pdf: 242445 bytes, checksum: d073a4669e5f620405cb6dc82e946a0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-05 / Crossbreeding has been used effectively in several áreas of livestock. More recently, crossbreeding of specialized dairy reeds, in particular Holstein and Jersey, has been performed by an increased number of dairy farmers. However, several gaps in the scientific knowledge remain, justifying new researched in this area, specially comparing crossbreed cattle with Jersey, since the great majority of research has been performed confronting crossbreed to Holstein cows. Therefor, the goal of this project was to compare indicators of production, reproductive performance, sanitary and delivery performance of crossbred Holstein and Jersey cows and purebred cows of these breeds. The study was developed at a dairy farm situated in Pouso Redondo-SC, wich has about 190 lactating cows, 100 cows being Jersey purebred, 60 Holstein and Jersey crossbred cows, with different proportions of these nreeds, and the remaining cows are purebred Holstein. Production and individual milk composition of the animals were evaluated April and November 2012. Calving easy and placente retention data were obtained throughout the year of 2012, according to the farmer1s observation. According to data obtained from the zootechnical control system, information to estimate the reproductive performance of the cows, such as number of service per conception, days open, parturition to first service interval, conception at first service and uterine infections occurrence was obtained. The variants placenta retention, metritis, number of conception at first service and number of services/conception were analyzed through a generalized linear model. Productive and reproductive traits were submitted to analysis of variance. A difference (P< 0,0001) was observed between genetics groups for milk yield, with lower yield for Jersey as for Holstein (18.6kg vs 24.9kg), however corssbreed cows with at least 50% Holstein, did not differ from the pure Holstein. The genetic group affected (P < 0,0001) the fat concentration I the milk, where Jersey cows were superior to than remaining groups and crossbreed cows, with 50% or more Jersey, were superior to pure breed Holstein cows. With a protein content average percentage of 3.55, Jersey cows were superior only to cows with over 50% Holstein. There was no difference on lactose content between genetic groups (P > 0,05). Jersey cows had a smaller prevalence of placenta retention and uterine infections in relations to remaining genetic groupings (P=<0,001). Cows with 50% or more Jersey blood presented better reproductive performance in days till 1st service and days open than pure Holstein, but such was not observed in service/conception or conception rate at 1st service / Cruzamento entre raças em animais de produção vem sendo utilizado efetivamente em diversas áreas da pecuária, sendo que recentemente cruzamentos entre raças leiteiras especializadas, em especial Holandês x Jersey, também têm sido empregados por maior número de produtores. Porém, ainda existem muitas lacunas no conhecimento científico, justificando novas pesquisas nesta área, especialmente a comparação dos animais mestiços com animais Jersey, visto que a ampla maioria das pesquisas confrontam somente mestiços com Holandês. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de comparar indicadores de desempenho produtivo, reprodutivo, e de facilidade de parto, de fêmeas mestiças provenientes do cruzamento entre as raças Holandesa e Jersey com fêmeas puras destas raças. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma propriedade leiteira localizada no município de Pouso Redondo SC, a qual possui em média 190 vacas em lactação, sendo 100 vacas puras da raça Jersey, 60 vacas mestiças Holandês X Jersey, com diferentes proporções genéticas, e as demais puras da raça Holandesa. Entre abril e novembro de 2012 foram avaliadas produção e composição de leite individual dos animais. Os dados relacionados à facilidade de parto e retenção de placenta foram obtidos durante todo o ano de 2012 por observação feitas pelo próprio produtor. A partir de registros obtidos do controle zootécnico da propriedade, no período de 2010 a 2012, foram obtidas informações para estimar o desempenho reprodutivo das vacas, sendo número de serviços por concepção, intervalo parto-concepção, intervalo parto ao primeiro serviço, concepção ao primeiro serviço e a ocorrência de infecções uterinas. As variáveis retenção de placenta, metrite, taxa de concepção ao primeiro serviço e número de serviços/concepção foram analisadas através de um modelo linear generalizado. Características produtivas e reprodutivas foram submetidas à análise de variância. Observou-se diferença (P < 0,0001) entre grupamentos genéticos para produção de leite, sendo que vacas Jersey apresentaram produções de leite inferiores às puras Holandesas (18,6kg x 24,9kg), entretanto, fêmeas mestiças, com no mínimo 50% de Holandês, não diferiram (P > 0,05) das puras Holandês. Os grupamentos 6 genéticos afetaram (P < 0,0001) o teor de gordura do leite, com vacas Jersey superando os demais grupamentos e vacas mestiças com 50% ou mais de Jersey superando as puras da raça Holandesa. Com percentuais médios de 3,55%, a raça Jersey superou apenas aquelas com mais de 50% Holandês quanto ao teor de proteína. Não foi observada diferença nos teores de lactose entre os grupos genéticos (P > 0,05). Animais da raça Jersey apresentaram menor prevalência de retenção de placenta e infecções uterinas em relação aos demais grupamentos genéticos (P<0,0001). Vacas com 50% ou mais de Jersey apresentaram melhor desempenho reprodutivo em termos de dias até o 1º serviço e dias em aberto em relação às puras Holandês, vantagem esta que não foi observada em número de serviços por concepção e taxa de concepção ao 1º serviço

A growing number of pure-bred herds of beef breeds began to grow a herd of cows with a dual-purpose efficiency type, farmers often use their crosses with beef breeds of cattle to increase their meat performance. The aim of this diploma work was to analyse results of fattening ability and carcass value of Czech Pied Cattle bulls (C) and their crosses with beef breeds. In evaluation selected indicators were included 907 slaughtered bulls dividing according their genotype. The software programs Microsoft Excel and Statistica has been used for processing calculations and the statistic data. An important indicator is achieved dressed carcass weight (DCW), which was highest in bulls Meat Siemental (SI) 370.1 kg, Aberdeen Angus (G) 359.0 kg and crossbreeds Charolais and Czech Pied Cattle (TxC) 354.2 kg. Lowest DCW had extensive breed Highland (E) and Galloway (W) 318.8 kg. The difference between SI and E + W was 51.3 kg and was highly statistically significant (P {$\leq$} 0.001). The group of TxC and TxH and breed Piemontese (P) had the highest intensity of growth, net gain was 671.5 g, resp. 669.6 g for T and crosses and 652.5 g for the breed P. The lowest average net gain was found in the breed G (531.3 g). The highest production of first quality meat was found in the breed P (55.6 kg), 55.4 kg was achieved in breed SI. At least meat I. grade was found in bulls of E and W (47.2 kg). Significant difference was found between SI and E + W at a significance level P {$\leq$} 0.001. Based on the results we can recommend commercial crossings Czech Pied cattle with bulls meat breed or breeding pure-bred beef breeds. It is important to take into account the specificity of each breed, its earliness and size of body frame in the choice of slaughter weight and age of fattening bulls, to avoid unwanted growth of fat in bulls, and to realize the slaughter weight trough the most intensive fattening.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ivan Salamanca Montesinos.pdf: 2062332 bytes, checksum: 23d8c436dacba6f009df8f3c05f542e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / This investigation aimed to evaluate the quality of cryopreserved semen from 21 Curraleiro/Pé Duro bulls in germplasm bank, categorizing the doses of the sires according to spermatic parameters that search the oocitary fertilization, and verifying in vitro the fecundant potential of the seminal dose. All the samples were thawed and analyzed by the spermatic exams of morphology, kinetics, integrity of plasmatic membrane and integrity of acrosome; however, only four of them also were evaluated through the fertilization rates, due to the major number of stocked straws, which allowed to test more than one in vitro essay. Approximately 200 spermatozoids were counted for each exam, the results were expressed in percentages and submitted to simple descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), using as comparative reference, the patterns suggested by the Brazilian Animal Reproduction College for bovine thawed semen, as well as values obtained in other investigations. The results of the four spermatic exams were verified, and were searched the most important parameters that aim the fertility, being in the morphology the rate of normal spermatozoids (NRM) and major defects (DMA); in the kinetics, the progressive motility (MP) and rapid cells (RPD); in the integrity of plasmatic membrane, the whole plasmatic membrane (MPI); and in the integrity of acrosome, the live spermatozoid with whole acrosome (EVAI). From the 21 analyzed doses, ten presented adverse values in the mentioned spermatic parameters, and of these samples, seven showed divergences, because they had negative results for fertilization in some exams and favorable results in others, revealing the complex nature of the spermatozoid. Were taken into account for Pearson correlations, Cluster analysis and a dendrogram elaboration, the parameters NRM, DMA, MP, RPD, MPI and EVAI. The Cluster created by spermatic similarity three groups (G1, G2 e G3), for morphology, kinetics, integrity of plasmatic membrane and integrity of acrosome. The results were evaluated through simple descriptive statistics, and the difference of means by Duncan and Kruskal Wallis tests, at 5% significance level. It is worth mentioning that in the dendrogram the DT10 and DT19 were discriminated from the groups for having very distant values from the rest of seminal doses. In fecundation rates evaluation, three replicates were made with the straws of the four chosen bulls, passing previously through Percoll gradient (45:90%), for eliminating the defective cells and improving the fertilizing capacity. This selection allowed favorable results, with rates of fertilized oocytes superior to 60%. In the evaluation of masculine chromatin 18 hours post in vitro insemination high Pronucleus rates were observed. The statistical difference of these values was estimated by Chi-square test. The results revealed the spermatic quality and in vitro fecundant capacity of Curraleiro/Pé Duro analyzed semen, enabling to delineate appropriate strategies, for the conservation of this local genetic resource in extinction, owner of unique characteristics of adaptation and rusticity, that could be included hereafter in the brazilian cattle herds. / Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a qualidade do sêmen criopreservado de 21 touros Curraleiro/Pé Duro em banco de germoplasma, categorizando as doses dos reprodutores segundo parâmetros espermáticos que buscam a fertilização oocitária, e verificando in vitro o potencial fecundante da dose seminal. Todas as amostras foram descongeladas e analisadas pelos exames espermáticos de morfologia, cinética, integridade da membrana plasmática e integridade do acrossoma; no entanto, só quatro delas também foram avaliadas através das taxas de fecundação, devido ao maior número de palhetas estocadas, as quais permitiram testar mais de um ensaio in vitro. Contaram-se aproximadamente 200 espermatozóides para cada exame, os resultados foram expressos em porcentagens e submetidos a estatística descritiva simples (média e desvio padrão), utilizando como referência comparativa, os padrões sugeridos pelo Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal para sêmen descongelado bovino, assim como valores obtidos em outras pesquisas. Os resultados dos quatro exames espermáticos foram verificados, e buscaram-se os parâmetros mais importantes que visam a fertilidade, sendo na morfologia a taxa de espermatozóides normais (NRM) e defeitos maiores (DMA); na cinética, a motilidade progressiva (MP) e células rápidas (RPD); na integridade da membrana plasmática, a membrana plasmática íntegra (MPI) e na integridade do acrossoma, o espermatozóide vivo com acrossoma íntegro (EVAI). Das 21 doses analisadas, dez apresentaram valores adversos nos parâmetros espermáticos mencionados, e dessas amostras, sete mostraram divergências, porque tinham resultados negativos para a fecundação em alguns exames e resultados favoráveis em outros, revelando a complexa natureza do espermatozóide. Tomaram-se em conta para as correlações de Pearson, análise de Cluster e elaboração de um dendrograma, os parâmetros NRM, DMA, MP, RPD, MPI e EVAI. O Cluster criou por similaridade espermática três grupos (G1, G2 e G3), para morfologia, cinética, integridade da membrana plasmática e integridade do acrossoma. Os resultados foram avaliados mediante estatística descritiva simples, e a diferença das médias pelos testes de Duncan e Kruskal Wallis, ao nível de significância de 5%. Vale salientar que no dendrograma a DT10 e DT19 foram discriminadas dos grupos por ter valores muito distantes do resto das doses seminais. Na avaliação das taxas de fecundação, foram feitas três réplicas com as palhetas dos quatro touros escolhidos, passando previamente através do gradiente Percoll (45:90%), para eliminar as células defeituosas e melhorar a capacidade fecundante. Esta seleção permitiu resultados favoráveis, com taxas de oócitos fertilizados superiores a 60%. Na avaliação da cromatina masculina 18 horas pós inseminação in vitro foram observadas altas taxas para Pronúcleo. A diferença estatística destes valores foi estimada pelo teste Chi-quadrado. Os resultados revelaram a qualidade espermática e capacidade fecundante in vitro do sêmen Curraleiro/Pé Duro analisado, possibilitando delinear adequadas estratégias, para a conservação deste recurso genético local em extinção, possuidor de características únicas de adaptação e rusticidade, que poderiam ser inseridas futuramente nos rebanhos bovinos brasileiros.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Animal Nutrition)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Refer to document

Content: Since hundreds of years, tanners share the opinion that hides from different cattle breeds lead to varying leather qualities. Especially European hides from the alpine region (e. g. Simmentaler or brown origin) are preferred by tanners. These leathers feature a higher thickness, a maximum utilisation induced by a minor thickness difference over the whole area and a lower tensile strength in contrast to leathers from other breeds. However, are these alpine hides better because of their breed affiliation or because they are kept in special regional conditions? It is known that, besides the breed, also other factors can influence the rawhide and leather quality like age, gender, nutrition and climate conditions. In addition, present dairy and beef cattle are high-performance cattle by breeding, which leads to more crossbreeds than 100 years ago. Our intention was to find out, whether leather quality nowadays is still a function of breed or not. For that purpose, 40 rawhides from four different cattle breeds (Angus, Charolais, Simmentaler, Limousin) were collected from the Saxon region. From each breed, five male and five female rawhides were collected. The age of each individual was restricted to two years. All 40 rawhides were tanned with the same technology for furniture leather. Leather quality was characterized by determining chemical and physical parameters. Chemical parameters included collagen content, fat content and ignition lost (DIN 181218). The physical parameters were tensile strength (DIN EN ISO 3376), elongation at break (DIN EN ISO 3376) and stitch tear resistance (DIN EN ISO 23910). The analyses revealed that the chemical parameters were identical for all examined breeds. For this reason, the chemical composition of a cattle skin is irrespective of breed origin. The tensile strength of the leathers showed only a small significant difference between Angus and Limousin (p= 0.05). Leathers from Limousin hides showed significantly different elongations at break compared to Angus, Charolais and Simmentaler. The stitch tear resistance varied in nearly all breeds. Significant differences were detected between all breeds except between Angus and Charolais as well as Angus and Simmentaler. Plotting the measured physical values against gender or age of the individuals showed no correlation. In summary, only minor differences between the cattle breeds were found. But this tendency must be confirmed by a larger quantity of test individuals. For this purpose, an analysis is planed with 100 individuals from different breeds and crossbreeds. Take-Away: Many tanners share the opinion that hides from different attle breeds lead to varying leather qualities. We found only minor differences of the physical parameters between the cattle breeds with a random sample of 10 individuals per breed. To confirm this tendency, an analysis is planed with 100 individuals from different breeds and crossbreeds.

Institute for Rural Development / MRDV

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to provide scientifically founded guidelines to enhance the understanding of beef production from natural pastures in arid sweet veld regions. Cattle from four breed types ranging from large to small frame sizes (Simmentaler cross > Bonsmara cross > Afrikaner > Nguni) were compared in terms of cow production and efficiency as well as the growth performance, carcass and meat quality of steers slaughtered at 18, 24 and 30 months of age. Eighteen and 30 month old steers were slaughtered at the end of the wet summer season, while the 24 month old steers were slaughtered at the end of the dry winter season. The Afrikaner herd (59.8 ± 9.0 %) had lower (p < 0.05) pregnancy rates than the Simmentaler cross (79.3 ± 12.2 %), Bonsmara cross (76.5 ± 11.1 %) and Nguni herds (86.1 ± 5.8 %). Breed differences (p < 0.05) for weaning weight and preweaning gain were observed (Simmentaler cross > Bonsmara cross > Afrikaner > Nguni). The Nguni cow herd (46.5 ± 5.7 kg/100 kg mated) was more (p < 0.05) efficient than the Simmentaler cross (36.2 ± 5.5 kg/100 kg mated), Bonsmara cross (37.7 kg/100 kg mated) and Afrikaner herds (29.5 ± 5.9 kg/100 kg mated). During the dry winter season steers gained 23.4 ± 1.5 kg from 7 to 12 months of age and from 18 to 24 months of age they gained 20.9 ± 2.0 kg. During the wet summer season steers gained 109.7 ± 1.8 kg from 12 to 18 months and 120.3 ± 4.1 kg from 24 to 30 months of age. The best (p > 0.05) fat classification codes were attained at 30 months of age and the worst (p < 0.05) at 24 months of age. Simmentaler cross steers attained the lowest (p < 0.05) fat classification at all three age classes. At 30 months of age, 15 of the 63 steers slaughtered had 3 or 4 permanent incisors, while 47 steers had 2 permanent incisors. The total amount as well as the percentage kidney and omental fat were the highest (p < 0.05) at 30 months of age and the lowest (p < 0.05) at 24 months. Back fat thickness followed the same pattern. Although breed differences for some meat quality parameters were observed, slaughter age had a much more pronounced effect on meat quality parameters. The percentage cooking loss was the lowest (p < 0.05) at 30 months of age. The meat was also darker (p > 0.05) and more red (p < 0.05) at 30 months than at 18 or 24 months of age. The pH24 was higher (p < 0.05) at 24 (5.68 ± 0.05) and 30 months (5.65 ± 0.03) than at 18 months of age (5.48 ± 0.04). A trained sensory panel only detected that Longissimus muscle samples from 18 month old steers were more tender (p < 0.05) than that from 30 month old steers. Similar results were found for Warner-Bratzler shear force values. Marketing steers at 30 months of age resulted in higher production outputs for all the breed types than marketing weaners. For marketing both weaners and 30 month old steers the Nguni herd produced more marketable kilograms live weight than the Simmentaler cross, the Bonsmara cross and the Afrikaner herds. Different marketing systems suitable to the Arid Sweet Bushveld were identified. Each marketing system is discussed in terms of its application, advantages, disadvantages and adaptability to arid regions. It is maintained throughout that a conservative approach to grazing as well as cattle management is critical to ensure stable production systems in arid regions with erratic rainfall patterns. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om wetenskaplik gefundeerde riglyne daar te stel wat die begrip van beesvleis produksie vanaf natuurlike weidings in ariede soetveld streke sal verbeter. Beeste van vier ras tipes wat wissel van groot- tot kleinraam tipes (Simmentaler kruis > Bonsmara kruis > Afrikaner > Nguni) is vergelyk in terme van koeiproduksie en effektiwiteit sowel as die groei prestasie, karkas- en vleiskwaliteit van osse op 18-, 24- en 30-maande ouderdom. Osse wat op 18 en 30 maande ouderdom geslag is, is aan die einde van die nat somerseisoen geslag, terwyl osse wat op 24 maande ouderdom geslag is, aan die einde van die droë winterseisoen geslag is. Die Afrikaner kudde (59.8 ± 9.0 %) het ’n laer (p < 0.05) reproduksietempo as die Simmentaler kruis (79.3 ± 12.2 %), Bonsmara kruis (76.5 ± 11.1 %) en die Nguni kuddes (86.1 ± 5.8 %) gehandhaaf. Ras verskille (p < 0.05) ten opsigte van speenmassas en voorspeense groeitempo’s is waargeneem (Simmentaler kruise > Bonsmara kruise > Afrikaners > Ngunis). Die Nguni koei kudde (46.5 ± 5.7 kg/100 kg gedek) was meer (p < 0.05) effektief as die Simmentalerkruis (36.2 ± 5.5 kg/100 kg gedek), Bonsmarakruis (37.7 kg/100 kg gedek) en die Afrikaner kuddes (29.5 ± 5.9 kg/100 kg gedek). Gedurende die droëwinter seisoen het die osse vanaf 7 to 12 maande ouderdom 23.4 ± 1.5 kg in liggaamsmassa toegeneem en vanaf 18 tot 24 maande ouderdom het hulle 20.9 ± 2.0 kg toegeneem. Gedurende die nat somerseisoen het die osse vanaf 12 tot 18 maande ouderdom 109.7 ± 1.8 kg in liggaamsmassa toegeneem en van 24 tot 30 maande ouderdom het hulle 120.3 ± 4.1 kg toegeneem. Die beste (p < 0.05) vetklassifikasie kodes is op 30 maande ouderdom verkry en die swakste (p < 0.05) op 24 maande ouderdom. Simmentalerkruisosse het by alle ouderdomsgroepe die swakste (P < 0.05) vetklassifikasie kodes behaal. Op 30 maande ouderdom het 15 van die 63 osse wat geslag is 3 of 4 permanente snytande gehad, terwyl 47 osse 2 permanente snytande gehad het. Die totale hoeveelheid sowel as die persentasie nier- en omentumvet was die hoogste (p < 0.05) op 30 maande ouderdom en die laagste (p < 0.05) op 24 maande ouderdom. Rugvetdikte het dieselfde patroon gevolg. Alhoewel rasverskille vir sommige vleiskwaliteitsparameters waargeneem is, het slagouderdom’n groter effek hierop. Die persentasie kookverlies was die laagste (p < 0.05) op 30 maande ouderdom. Die vleis was ook donkerder (p < 0.05) en meer rooi (p < 0.05) op 30 maande ouderdom as op 18 en 24 maande ouderdom. Die pH24 was hoër (p < 0.05) op 24 (5.68 ± 0.05) en 30 maande ouderdom (5.65 ± 0.03) as op 18 maande ouderdom (5.48 ± 0.04). Behalwe vir sagtheid, is geen ander ras- of slagouderdomsverskille in die longissimus spiermonsters vir enige van die sensoriese eienskappe wat geëvalueer is, waargeneem nie. ’n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het slegs waargeneem dat die longissimus spiermonsters van 18 maand oue osse sagter (p < 0.05) was as dié van 30 maand oue osse. Soortgelyke resulte is vir die Warner-Bratzler snyweerstand gevind. Die bemarking van 30 maand oud osse het hoër produksie uitsette vir al die ras tipes opgelewer as die bemarking van speenkalwers. Met die bemarking van beide speenkalf en 30 maand oue osse, het die Ngunikudde meer bemarkbare kilogram lewendige massa as die Simmentalerkruis, die Bonsmarakruis en die Afrikaner kuddes geproduseer. Verskillende bemarkingstelsels wat as geskik vir die Ariede Soet Bosveld beskou word, is geïdentifiseer. Elke bemarking stelsel is in terme van sy toepassing, voor- en nadele asook die toepaslikheid daarvan in ariede streke bespreek. Dit word deurgaans aanbeveel dat ’n konserwatiewe benadering tot beide weidings- en kuddebestuur, krities is om stabiele produksiestelsels in ariede streke met wisselvalige reënvalpatrone te verseker.

Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...

Title of the work: Comparison of selected European riding schools and riding education system in the Czech Republic Work goals: Mention all available riding schools in the Czech Republic, their description and comparison with selected European riding schools Methods: Analysis of literature sources and other available materials, description of individual programs of the mentioned schools, comparison based on the results of the individual schools and the level of their alumni Conclusion: The level of riding education in the Czech Republic is lower than in the compared foreign schools. The selected European schools have much longer tradition and also more elaborate education system. The Czech Republic faces lack of qualified trainers, as well as lack of funds. The success of the riding schools alumni is much higher at the foreign schools than in the Czech Republic, which is caused both by the level of the alumni and more work opportunities abroad.

Orientador: Dirlei Antônio Berto / Coorientador: Messias Alves da Trindade Neto / Banca: Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura / Banca : José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Maria Cristina Thomaz / Banca: Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira / Resumo: Objetivou-se estimar o melhor nível de lisina digestível e sua relação com a energia metabolizável em dietas de suínos dos 50 aos 70 kg de peso vivo. Para tanto, foram realizados dois ensaios de desempenho, um com 72 machos castrados e outro com 72 fêmeas, com pesos médios iniciais de 49,75±0,41 kg e de 46,05±0,38 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental usado nestes experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental (baia). No final dos experimentos mediu-se área de olho de lombo e espessura de toucinho na 10ª costela, por meio de ultrassonografia, em todos os animais. Também colheu-se sangue para leucograma de quatro animais dentro de cada tratamento, de forma aleatória, totalizando 24 machos castrados e 24 fêmeas, considerando delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições por sexo e o animal era a unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram 7,00; 8,00; 9,00; 10,00; 11,00 e 12,00 g de lisina digestível/kg de ração que continham 14,25 MJ de energia metabolizável/kg de ração e, em média, 160,92 g de proteína bruta/kg de ração. Realizou-se também um ensaio de digestibilidade e metabolismo, com 12 machos castrados e 12 fêmeas, em que foram avaliadas quatro dietas (7,00; 9,00; 10,00 e 12,00 g de lisina digestível/kg de ração), com três repetições e um animal por unidade experimental (gaiola). No ensaio de desempenho das fêmeas observou-se aumento linear na conversão alimentar, no consumo de proteína bruta (g/dia) e na eficiência de proteína bruta no período experimental de 0 a 16 dias. No período experimental de 0 a 32 dias observou-se aumento linear no consumo de proteína bruta (g/dia) e na eficiência de proteína bruta, bem como efeito quadrático no ganho de peso relativo (%) e na... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the optimum level of lysine and its relation to metabolizable energy in diets for pigs from 70 to 100 kg live weight. For this, were two performance tests, one with 72 barrows and other with 72 females, with average initial weight 76.86 ± 0.90 kg and 76.92 ± 0.96 kg, respectively, the experimental design was a randomized block with six treatments and six replicates of two animals per experimental unit (pen). At the end the experiments was measured loin eye area and backfat thickness at the 10th rib by means of ultrasound in all animals. Also picked up blood WBC to four animals in each treatment, totaling 24 males castrated and 24 female maturation, being considered the completely randomized design, with four replications for sex and the animal was the experimental unit. After fasting for 12 hours, were chosen at random, 24 castrated males and 24 females (four per treatment), which were sent to slaughter in the abattoir for commercial Ratings and carcass boning. The treatments were 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00, 11.00 and 12.00 g of lysine per kg diet containing 14.25 MJ of ME per kg feed and on average 155.20 g crude protein per kg feed. In assay digestibility and metabolism were used 12 castrated males and 12 females, with evaluation of four diets (7.00, 8.00, 11.00 and 12.00 g of lysine / kg) with three replicates and one animal per experimental unit (cage). In the performance test females observed linear... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor