Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T11:53:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thais Miranda Silva Freitas - 2014.pdf: 2006843 bytes, checksum: 468444878dd84d31f2dc4acbb6c7add7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:26:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thais Miranda Silva Freitas - 2014.pdf: 2006843 bytes, checksum: 468444878dd84d31f2dc4acbb6c7add7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thais Miranda Silva Freitas - 2014.pdf: 2006843 bytes, checksum: 468444878dd84d31f2dc4acbb6c7add7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sanitary planning in cattle industry improves reproductive rates and increases economic profitability; however, the proposal of sanitary strategies depends on the prior knowledge about the herds and the factors that favors’ the occurrence of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence, both individually and in the herd, of Brucella spp., Leptospira sp., Neospora caninum, bovine leucosis virus (BLV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), and bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the Brazilian cattle breeds Curraleiro Pé-Duro (CPD) and Pantaneiro (PAN), as well as the associated risk factors. It also aimed at determining control strategies. We observed that brucellosis was under control in all herds, however we detected variable frequencies of serologically positive animals against Leptospira (CPD: 4,08% - 94,4% and PAN: 44,74% - 93,33 %), Neospora (CPD: 5,56% - 100% and PAN: 12,00% - 16,84 %), BLV (CPD:0,00% - 88,88% and PAN: 6,67% - 33,33 %), BoHV-1 (CPD: 39,24% - 95% and PAN: 0,00% - 59,00%) and BVDV (CPD: 6,67% - 78,5% and PAN: 4,08% - 78,57%). The most important risk factors associated to Curraleiro Pé-Duro infections were as follows: animals slaughter on the property, co-infections, free access to flooded areas and herd size. The major factors associated with seropositivity in Pantaneiro (PAN) herds were age above 24 months and artificial insemination, while veterinary assistance was a protection factor. The recommended measurements include prevention of positive animals introduction, vaccination, animal disposal, supply of colostrum from seronegative cows and sick animals segregation. This study assists professionals to evaluate the necessity of employing sanitary measurements. / O planejamento sanitário na bovinocultura favorece a melhoria nos índices reprodutivos e a rentabilidade da pecuária, entretanto, propor estratégias sanitárias depende do conhecimento prévio dos rebanhos e dos fatores que favorecem a ocorrência de doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência individual e por rebanho das infecções por Brucella, Leptospira, Neospora caninum, vírus da leucose bovina (BLV), herpes vírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) e vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em bovinos das raças locais brasileiras Curraleiro Pé-Duro (CPD) e Pantaneiro (PAN), como também fatores de risco associados e determinar estratégias de controle. A brucelose estava controlada nos rebanhos avaliados, enquanto foram detectadas frequências variáveis de animais sorologicamente positivos contra Leptospira (CPD: 4,08% a 94,4% e PAN: 44,74% a 93,33%), Neospora (CPD: 5,56% a 100% e PAN: 12,00% a 16,84%), BLV (CPD:0,00% a 88,88% e PAN: 6,67% a 33,33%), BoHV-1 (CPD: 39,24% a 95% e PAN: 0,00% a 59,00%) e BVDV (CPD: 6,67% a 78,5% e PAN: 4,08% a 78,57%). As variáveis consideradas fatores de risco para as diferentes infecções em CPD foram, principalmente, abate na propriedade, co-infecções, acesso a área alagada e tamanho do rebanho. Para PAN as variáveis foram idade acima de 24 meses e a reprodução por inseminação artificial, sendo a assistência veterinária fator de proteção. As medidas propostas incluem prevenção da introdução de animais positivos, vacinação, descarte de animais, fornecimento de colostro de fêmeas soronegativas e manejo segregado. Este estudo auxilia os profissionais a julgar a necessidade de aplicação de medidas de manejo sanitário.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T14:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sáudio Vieira Peixoto - 2016.pdf: 3836457 bytes, checksum: a9f93d3fb8e43ae7ed41d388de796750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T14:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sáudio Vieira Peixoto - 2016.pdf: 3836457 bytes, checksum: a9f93d3fb8e43ae7ed41d388de796750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T14:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sáudio Vieira Peixoto - 2016.pdf: 3836457 bytes, checksum: a9f93d3fb8e43ae7ed41d388de796750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the present study, the frequency of cattle infected by leukosis virus was evaluated in the herds of the Kalunga Historical Site and Cultural Heritage (SHPCK) and the association with environmental, sanitary and socioeconomic characteristics was performed. The SHPCK is located among the municipalities of Cavalcante, Monte Alegre de Goiás, and Teresina de Goiás, in the state of Goiás, 79 animals were included and blood samples were collected from 2,612 bulls (Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Caracu), zebu cattle (Nellore, Gir and Tabapuã) and crossbred animals. Detection of leukosis antiviral antibodies was performed using the agar gel immunodiffusion technique (IDGA - TECPAR ®). The edaphoclimatic variables of the municipalities were obtained through the database of the Laboratory of Image Processing and Geoprocessing (LAPIG) of UFG, at each point recorded in the GPS. Altitude data were collected from the Shutter Radar Topographic Mission satellite and zootechnical and socioeconomic data were obtained through questionnaires applied to the owners. The frequency of enzootic bovine leukosis in SHPCK herds was 29.29%. Among the different age groups, the following frequencies were observed: 12.8% at ages from 0 to 24 months, 32.1% from 25 to 36 months and 41.5% at ages over 36 months. The association between the studied variables and the frequency of leukosis showed a significant correlation for the breeds, age groups, vaccines, type of pasture available to cattle, family income, normalized difference vegetation index (INDV) and maximum temperatures in the warmer month. / No presente estudo foi avaliada a frequência de bovinos infectados pelo vírus da leucose nos rebanhos do Sítio Histórico e Patrimônio Cultural Kalunga (SHPCK) e realizada a associação com características ambientais, sanitárias e socioeconômicas. O SHPCK situa-se entre os municípios de Cavalcante, Monte Alegre de Goiás e Teresina de Goiás, no Estado de Goiás; foram incluídas 79 propriedades e colhidas amostras de sangue de 2.612 bovinos de raças taurinas (Curraleiro Pé-Duro e Caracu), zebuínas (Nelore, Gir e Tabapuã) e mestiços. A detecção de anticorpos antivírus da leucose foi realizado por meio da técnica de imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDGA - TECPAR®). As variáveis edafoclimáticas dos municípios foram obtidas por meio do banco de dados do Laboratório de Processamento de Imagens e Geoprocessamento (LAPIG) da UFG, em cada ponto registrado no GPS. Foram colhidos dados relativos à altitude por meio do satélite Shutter Radar Topographic Mission e os dados zootécnicos e socioeconômicos foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados aos proprietários. A frequência de leucose enzoótica bovina nos rebanhos do SHPCK foi de 29,29%. Entre as diferentes faixas etárias foi observado as seguintes frequências: 12,8% em idades de 0 a 24 meses, 32,1% de 25 a 36 meses e 41,5% naqueles com mais de 36 meses. A associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a frequência da leucose apresentou correlação significativa para as raças, faixas etárias, vacinas, tipo de pastagens disponíveis aos bovinos, renda familiar, índice da vegetação por diferença normalizada (INDV) e temperaturas máximas no mês mais quente.

No description available.

Department of Animal Science / MSCAGR (Animal Science)

Department of Animal Science / BSCAGR

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science / The Nguni is a transboundary indigenous Southern African cattle breed. The breed has distinct populations that are adapted to the different ecological zones of Southern Africa. Previous work on characterising the Nguni has been limited to within-country studies. Thus, the aim of the current study was to genetically characterise South African (SA) Nguni, Mozambican Nguni (Landim) and Swazi Nguni populations across Southern African region using a panel of 25 microsatellite markers, recommended by FAO and ISAG for genetic diversity studies. Genotypic data were generated from 90 unrelated autosomal DNA samples of the three cattle populations (SA Nguni n=30, Mozambican Nguni (Landim) n=30 and Swazi Nguni n=30) collected from government research stations and stud herds. Five South African beef cattle breeds’ DNA profiles were obtained from the ARC-DNA database and used as reference populations. A majority of the microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic across the studied populations. High genetic diversity was detected and expected heterozygosity varied from 71% (Landim) to 75% (SA Nguni) with a higher mean number of alleles (MNA) in the SA Nguni (7.52±0.42) compared to the Swazi Nguni (6.92±0.40) and Landim (7.16±0.43) populations. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) (0.597±0.046) compared to expected heterozygosity (He) (0.719±0.022) was lowest for the Swazi Nguni, confirming a relatively high level of inbreeding (FIS=0.158) in that population. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 9.61% of the total variation occurred among populations, while 90.39% occurred within populations. Short genetic distance (29.9%) was observed between Landim and Swazi Nguni, with the SA Nguni (>50%) being the most genetically distant population. The distant relationship between SA Nguni and the other two Nguni cattle populations was further confirmed by neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, Principal Coordinates Analyses (PCoA) and Factorial Corresponding Analysis (FCA). The structure of the three Nguni cattle populations clustered independently, despite some evidence of admixture. Additionally, genetic differentiation and population structure within four Mozambican indigenous cattle populations were investigated using the same panel of microsatellite markers. The analysis of unrelated autosomal DNA was performed on 120 animals (Angone n=30, Bovine de Tete n=30, Landim n=30 and Namaacha Nguni n=30), which presented sufficient genetic diversity across all populations. Estimates of mean number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosities were 6.920±0.20, 0.68±0.02 and 0.71±0.01, respectively. Genetic differentiation among the populations accounted for 8.02% of total genetic variability. Negative (-0.025±0.029) to low positive (0.073±0.050) levels of inbreeding were observed within the four populations. The genetic distance, NJ tree, PCoA and FCA revealed a close relationship between Bovine de Tete and Landim as opposed to Angone and Namaacha Nguni. STRUCTURE analysis assigned the four Mozambican populations independently; however Bovine de Tete and Landim showed relatively higher levels of admixture with each other than Angone and Namaacha Nguni. It can be concluded that SA Nguni, Landim and Swazi Nguni populations accomplish high genetic diversity and they are genetically distant; however, the two latter populations are closely related. These results present useful information / NRF

Thesis (M. Sc. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Weighing scales are typically out of reach for small-scale farmers due to expensive cost and a lack of operational expertise. However, understanding body weight and its relationship to linear body measures are critical for farmers making management decisions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are significant because they influence the coding area of the DNA, leading to changes to the amino acid sequences, which might affect the animal's phenotype. The current study sought to find genetic indicators of the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene that may be exploited for breeding selection in order to improve the growth traits of Kalahari Red goats. The research was carried out at the Zuurfontein farm in Polokwane. As experimental animals, fifty (n = 50) Kalahari Red goats (8 males and 42 females) aged 2 to 3 years were used. A balance weighing scale was used to record body weight, and a measuring tape was used to capture linear body measures. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein once per animal using vacutainer blood collecting tubes. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and purified according to the methodology provided by Noegen's Genomic DNA isolation kit. Pearson’s correlation was used to achieve the correlation between the growth traits, Simple linear regression was performed to predict body weight from linear body measurements, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was utilized to discover the single nucleotide polymorphism, Chi-square test (χ2) was performed to assess the allele frequencies for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and General Linear Model (GLM) was performed for marker-trait association analysis. The mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were exercised to choose the best regression model. Correlation results indicated a high positive significant correlation (P < 0.01) among BW and RH (r = 0.69), BL (r = 0.92), HG (r = 0.91), WH (r = 0.85) in bucks. While it does, all the linear body measurements indicated a high positive significant correlation (P < 0.01) expect SH (r = 0.41) which had a positive significant correlation (P < 0.05). Simple linear regression findings highlighted that BL had minimum MSE and highest R2 in bucks while in does HG had minimum MSE and highest R2. PCR-RFLP results indicated that two fragment patterns (two fragments and one fragment) were identified. Two genotypes were identified, KK with one fragment and KM with two fragments. The genotype frequency of KK was higher than that of KM and K allele had a higher allelic frequency than the M allele. The χ2 results showed that the Kalahari Red goats population used was not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (χ2 = 0.39*). Marker-trait association findings by GLM indicated that the genotypes (KK and KM) had no association with the growth traits measured. In conclusion, correlation findings suggest that BW had a higher relationship with BL and HG in Kalahari Red goats. The regression results suggest that in bucks, an increase of 1 cm of BL might increase body weight by 1.24 kg, whereas it does, a 1 cm increase of HG might increase the body weight by 0.73 kg. The χ2 results suggest that the studied population gene and genotypic frequencies keep on changing from generation to generation and the marker-traits association results suggest that the genotypes identified had no relationship with growth traits in Kalahari Red goats. Further studies need to be conducted on single nucleotide polymorphism of IGF-1 and their relationship with growth traits using a larger sample, more growth traits and targeting more exons. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Ruminant animals consuming low N-diet have been reported to have increased urea reabsorption with the Nguni being categorized as N-recycling ruminant. The enzymes associated with N-cycling are hypothesized to contribute to survival of the Nguni in harsh conditions. Enzymes responsible for such a function needed to be characterized in order to determine their effect in the functioning of the Nguni as opposed to Hereford breed. Crude enzymes from both breeds were separated from most or some contaminants by sephadex G-25, DEAE sephacel, and different affinity column chromatography. CPS and GDH were successfully purified and characterized by LC-MS/MS and further analysed by ProteinPilot™, blasted and matched >95% with those of Bos Taurus. Comparison of characterized enzymes and those which failed to ionise such as ARG, GS and GA was done using kinetics and graphs annotating specific activities. Partial purification and characterization was in part achieved. / Life & Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

Annotation: This thesis deals with the importance of guide dogs for the visually impaired people. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines and classifies the types and degrees of visual impairment and the most common eye diseases. It discusses the position of the blind in society, means of communication and assistance. It focuses on the history and methods of training of the guide dogs and suitable breeds, according to organizations engaged in training of dogs at home and abroad, the thesis also mentions international organization of these training centers. The research is based on the results of the survey among people utilizing the services of a guide dog. Through interviews, it was analyzed, how important the guide dog is for the participants and how it affects the quality of their life.

L’objectif principal de la thèse était de caractériser les impacts de différents types de gestion pastorale (bovins, équins, caprins) sur les communautés végétales de « nouveaux écosystèmes » fortement anthropisés que sont les digues et remblais de la réserve de Donzère-Mondragon dans la basse vallée du Rhône. Différents outils ont été utilisés (relevés de végétation, analyses de sols, analyses minérales des herbages, télédétection, SIG, etc.) à des échelles spatiales différentes afin de dégager les interrelations entre les différents niveaux d’organisation et fonctionnalités de la végétation. En effet, l’émergence des « nouveaux écosystèmes » oblige les gestionnaires à reconsidérer les principes initiaux de la gestion conservatoire. Dans notre étude, il a pu être démontré que les systèmes de pâturage faisant appel à des troupeaux d’herbivores dont l’organisation est adaptée pour maintenir l’ouverture des milieux, augmentent la richesse spécifique, la diversité et l’hétérogénéité de la végétation à court terme (3-5 années) par rapport à l’absence de gestion ou aux interventions mécaniques. Les analyses montrent également que les espèces annuelles qui apparaissent sont appétentes et contribuent à augmenter la valeur fourragère de certains faciès du site pâturé par les chevaux. Ces herbivores ont également un impact sur la banque de graines permanente du sol en augmentant son hétérogénéité et la densité de graines viables sous les faciès les plus pâturés. Le pâturage des vaches et des chevaux confirme une corrélation entre l’indice de végétation (NDVI) obtenu après l’analyse de photographies aériennes, la biomasse et la richesse en espèces végétales. Les estimations d’indices de consommation de la ronce sous SIG ont permis d’apprécier l’efficacité de l’action des chèvres. Ces différents résultats, pour les modalités testées, correspondent bien à ceux déjà obtenus lors d’applications de systèmes pastoraux en milieux naturels. Des expérimentations devraient également être menées à l’avenir via des systèmes de pâturage mixtes notamment bovin-caprin et équin-caprin pour accroître l’effet de la restauration aux dépens de la colonisation d’arbustes compétitifs dont la ronce. La gestion pastorale appliquée devrait néanmoins être pensée sur le moyen terme, si possible via des contrats pluriannuels, favorisant la durabilité de cette méthode de gestion et de ses effets dans le temps. / The main objective of the thesis was to characterize the impacts of different types of pastoral management (cattle, horses, goats) on "new ecosystems" plant communities. Our experimentations were conducted in highly anthropized dykes and embankments of the Donzère-Mondragon reserve in the lower Rhone valley. Various tools were used (i.e. vegetation surveys, soil analyzes, grassland mineral analyzes, remote sensing, GIS, etc.), and at different spatial scales in order to identify the interrelationships between the different levels of vegetation organization and functions. Indeed, the emergence of "new ecosystems" requires managers to reconsider the initial principles of conservation management. Our study showed that, in the short term (3-5 years), grazing systems using herds of herbivores, whose organization is adapted to maintain open habitats, increase species richness, diversity and heterogeneity of plant communities compared to lack of management or mechanical interventions. Moreover, the annual species that appear are appetizing and contribute to increase the forage value of the site grazed by horses. These herbivores also have an impact on the permanent seed bank by increasing both its heterogeneity and the density of viable seeds under the most grazed patches. Grazing of cattle and horses confirm a correlation between the vegetation index (NDVI), biomass and plant species richness. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of goats’ action on bramble via consumption indices calculated using GIS. Our different results are in the line with those already obtained in natural environments. Future experiments should test the effects of mixed grazing systems, particularly cattle, goats and horses, on the colonization dynamic of competitive shrubs such as brambles. Applied pastoral management should be considered in the medium term, via multi-year contracts to promote the sustainability of this management method and its effects over time.