In 1964, Benjamin Britten met the multi-instrumentalist twins Zoltán and Gábor Jeney while traveling in Budapest. At their behest, Britten composed Gemini Variations: Twelve Variations and Fugue on an Epigram by Kodály, a work which exploited the brothers' abilities on multiple instruments: Zoltán on flute and piano, and Gábor on violin and piano. In foreseeing the difficulties of programming this work, Britten simultaneously arranged a version for four players: flute, violin, and four-hand piano, eliminating the need for switching instruments. Despite this arrangement, as well as a very public and highly anticipated premiere at the Aldeburgh Festival in 1965, Gemini Variations has remained neglected by performers and scholars alike. This document serves to 1) promote a work that can justifiably be considered as part of the chamber music repertoire involving flute; 2) advocate for its musical merit and appropriateness for chamber music concerts made up of more traditional groups of players; 3) compare the two-player and four-player versions Britten wrote; and 4) explore the likely reasons why a piece by one of the most celebrated composers of the twentieth century has remained largely ignored for over fifty years.

Submitted by CAIO VICTOR DE OLIVEIRA LEMOS null (caiovictordeoliveira@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T02:02:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CVOL-dissertacao-.pdf: 2668703 bytes, checksum: a51833e1eee4b33c2d448c1dc14f09f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T18:14:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lemos_cvo_me_ia.pdf: 2668703 bytes, checksum: a51833e1eee4b33c2d448c1dc14f09f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T18:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lemos_cvo_me_ia.pdf: 2668703 bytes, checksum: a51833e1eee4b33c2d448c1dc14f09f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho investiga o estatuto do intérprete de violão. Partindo da hipótese de que o intérprete contribui para a construção de sentido em uma realização musical, constatou-se a insuficiência de um instrumental teórico que possibilitasse a averiguação de sua relevância enquanto instância participativa do fazer musical. A perspectiva de uma abordagem enunciativa mostrou-se oportuna para os propósitos deste trabalho, além de contribuir para a construção de uma cientificidade na área musical. A dissertação foi desenvolvida em quatro capítulos. O primeiro trata das principais designações atribuídas à atividade do intérprete e das consequências teóricas de cada assunção. No segundo, é traçado um paralelo entre linguística e música, apresentando a afinidade de problemáticas presentes em ambas as áreas, ao mesmo tempo em que desenha paulatinamente o panorama enunciativo sobre essas questões. No terceiro, foram apresentados os princípios da teoria enunciativa, basicamente: as categorias de pessoa, tempo e espaço; os mecanismos de instauração dessas categorias no enunciado; além dos conceitos de dialogismo, uso linguístico e contrato veridictório. Foram apontadas algumas possibilidades de transposição desses princípios e sua aplicação mostrou-se, assim, exequível na área musical. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, foram analisados, dentro de uma perspectiva enunciativa, dois enunciados musicais em vídeo de diferentes intérpretes —Paul Galbraith e Kazuhito Yamashita—tocando a mesma obra, Nocturnal op. 70 de Benjamin Britten. Concluiu-se que é possível atribuir um estatuto ao intérprete de violão por meio de uma abordagem enunciativa. As marcas da enunciação no enunciado nos permitiram depreender como se deu a construção de sentido, as estratégias discursivas, a imagem que o enunciador construiu de si mesmo, além da intencionalidade marcada, atribuindo assim um lugar central ao intérprete na construção do sentido musical. / This work investigates the status of the guitar performer. Starting from the hypothesis that the performer contributes to the construction of meaning in a musical performance, we have come across the insufficiency of the theoretical tools to ascertain his/her relevance as a participating instance in music making. The perspective of an enunciative approach has proven to be opportune for the purposes of this investigation, also contributing to the establishment of a more specific perspective in the music field. This Master’s thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one deals with the most prominent designations attributed to the performer’s activity and the theoretical consequences of each assumption. On the second one, a parallel is drawn between linguistics and music, presenting the kinship between the issues in both areas, at the same time progressively sketching an overview of the enunciation aspects related to them. On the third chapter, the principles of the enunciation theory were presented, in short: the categories of person, time, and space; the mechanism for the establishment of these categories on text/speech; as well as the concepts of dialogism, linguistic usage, and veridictory contract. Some possibilities of transposition of these principles were presented and thus their application has proven viable in the music domain. Finally, on the fourth chapter, two performances were analyzed from an enunciative perspective: videos of two different interpreters — Paul Galbraith and Kazuhito Yamashita — playing the same piece, Benjamin Britten’s Nocturnal op. 70. Our investigation and its application to concrete texts led us to conclude that a status can be attributed to the guitar performer through an enunciative approach. The enunciation marks inscribed on the text allowed us to capture the process of the construction of meaning, the discursive strategies, the image that the enunciator created for him/herself, as well as the intentionality outlined on the text, thus assigning a central role to the performer in the construction of musical meaning.

This diploma thesis turns attention to the important figures of the first half of the 20th century such as Ralph Vaughan Williams, Gerald Finzi and Benjamin Britten. It deals with an art song on the territory of the then England, and compares the contribution of the chosen authors. Partly, this thesis focuses on the aspect of interpretation and singing.

Arvo Pärt, an Estonian composer, was born in 1935. Most of the works at the beginning of his career were for piano in the neo-classical style. After that, he turned his interest to serial music and continued creating works with serial techniques throughout the 1960s. After his "self-imposed silence" period (during the years 1968-1976), Pärt emerged with a new musical style, which he called tintinnabuli. Although, this technique was influenced by music from the medieval period, the texture and function of its musical style cannot be described easily in terms of any single musical technique of the past. This study explores the evolution of Arvo Pärt's tintinnabuli technique in its first decade 1976-1985, which is divided into three different types. It provides musical examples from the scores of selected works, Für Alina, Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten, Cantate Domino canticum novum, Missa Sillabica, Stabat Mater and Es sang vor langen Jahren, and their analyses with supporting interpretative sketches. The goal of this thesis is to provide the reader a basis for understanding and recognizing the different types of Pärt's tintinnabuli technique.

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A definitive text of the libretto of Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes is here presented. The process by which it was created is revealed in detail. All the extant versions are collated and significant differences between them displayed. For the first time the scenarios written by Britten and his partner Peter Pears and the first surviving draft versions of scenes by the librettist Montagu Slater are published in full. Additions to the draft and final libretto texts and revisions throughout this process by Slater, Britten, producer Eric Crozier and, in the final scene, poet Ronald Duncan, are clarified and a critique provided. Marked differences in stage directions between the libretto texts and music scores are shown and versions selected or created which offer the best indicative detail for performance practice. The edited text is similarly enriched by the inclusion of performance indicators from various sources added by Britten, Pears and the work's first conductor, Reginald Goodall. The edition is introduced by three 'Perspectives' sections which consider (1) Britten's relationship with Slater and working practice with librettists; (2) the relationship of the work to its original source, George Crabbe's poem The Borough, the difference in the portrait and treatment of the character Peter Grimes and the reasons for the difference; and (3) the particular contribution and features of Slater's writing. Thereafter follow an account of the rationale, principles and practice of the edition and introductions to every scene in which the use of source material, the evolution of the text, the plot development and performance issues of the scene, the presentation of characters and the set are delineated, the latter with reference to photographs of the original set hitherto unpublished.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Notre thèse présente et analyse la vie et l’œuvre de Ceri Richards (1903-1971), artiste peintre britannique d’origine galloise, dont l’art est profondément influencé par la musique. Mélomane et pianiste amateur, Richards développe son art de façon très indépendante et marque l’art britannique par une originalité commentée et appréciée des critiques d’art londoniens de son temps, « ce qui le [classe] comme l’un des plus grands parmi les peintres britanniques du milieu du XXe siècle » (Bénézit). C’est après la Seconde Guerre mondiale que les références musicales apparaissent avec plus d’importance dans son travail artistique dont la série des Cathédrales englouties (v. 1957-1967), inspirée du prélude éponyme de Claude Debussy, est unanimement reconnue.La première partie de la thèse est une biographie revue et augmentée de Ceri Richards en suivant le fil conducteur de la musique. Elle s’appuie sur des sources, notamment épistolaires, jamais dévoilées jusqu’à présent et des articles sur l’artiste non encore exploités.La troisième partie est un catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre de Ceri Richards en rapport avec la musique. Notre classement, aussi exhaustif que possible à ce jour, établit huit grandes thématiques : le piano et les pianistes, Claude Debussy, Ludwig van Beethoven, les décors et les costumes d’opéras, la musique dans la poésie, les illustrations réalisées pour une Histoire de la musique écrite par Benjamin Britten et Imogen Holst, les illustrations d’ouvrages non musicaux et enfin d’autres thématiques musicales diverses. Ce travail de recensement et de catalogage, le premier jamais réalisé, souligne l’étendue et la diversité de l’inspiration musicale de Ceri Richards. / My thesis dissertation presents and analyses the life and work of Ceri Richards (1903-1971), a British painter originally from Wales. His art is profoundly influenced by music. As a music lover and pianist, Richards was particularly appreciated by London critics of his time who “placed him as one of the highest ranking, mid-20th-century British Painter” (E. Bénézit, Dictionary of Artists, Paris, Gründ, 2006). After the Second World War, the musical references are much more visible and important in his painting. His Cathédrale engloutie series, which was inspired by the eponymous Prelude by Debussy, is unanimously praised.The first part of my thesis is a biography of Ceri Richards, based on the importance of the music in his life. It relies on sources, letters unknown until now and articles about the artist never before explored.The second part investigates two corpus: the first one inspired by Debussy’s Cathédrale engloutie and the second by Beethoven in a comparative analysis.The third part is a catalogue raisonné of the work in relation with music. The organisation is in eight thematics: piano and pianists, Claude Debussy, Ludwig van Beethoven, opera stage decor and costumes, music in the poetry, illustrations realised for The Story of Music written by Benjamin Britten and Imogen Holst, illustrations for books which are not musical and other diverse musical themes. This catalogue raisonné is the first one and shows the extent and diversity of Ceri Richards’s musical inspiration.