This thesis reports two measurements performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 inverse femtobarn and centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV respectively. The first measures the CP asymmetry in Bs-anti-Bs oscillations, called asls. This is measured in inclusive Bs and anti-Bs to Ds mu nu X decays, where the Ds meson is reconstructed in the final state K K pi. The measurement is performed in three regions in the Dalitz phase space of the Ds decay, and corrected for detection and background asymmetries. A value of asls = (0.39 +/- 0.26(stat) +/- 0.20(syst))% is found, which is the world's most precise measurement of a CP asymmetry in B meson mixing and is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. The second measurement determines the production asymmetry of Ds mesons, and probes non-perturbative QCD models. It is performed in bins of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in the kinematic region 2.5.

This thesis investigates Dalí’s adoption of religious iconography to help represent themes that he had conceptualised through Surrealism, psychoanalysis and other thought systems. His selective use of sources was closely bound to his life circumstances, and I integrate biographical details in my analysis of his paintings. I identify unexpected sources of Dalí's images, and demonstrate how alert he was to the psychological motivations of traditional art. I find he made especial use of the iconography of martyrdom – and the perceptual and cognitive mechanics of the contemplation of death – that foreground the problem of the sexual and mortal self. Part I examines the period 1925-7, when Dalí developed an aesthetic outlook in dialogue with Lorca, formulated in his text, 'Sant Sebastià'. Representations of Sebastian and other martyr saints provided patterns for Dalí's exposition of the generative and degenerating self. In three chapters, based on three paintings, I plot the shift in Dalí's focus from the surface of the physical body – wilfully resistant to emotional engagement, and with classical statuary as a model – to its problematic interior, vulnerable to forces of desire and corruption. This section shows how Dalí's engagement with religious art paradoxically brought him into alignment with Surrealism. In Part II, I contend that many of the familiar images of Dalí’s Surrealist period – in which he considered the self as a fundamentally psychic rather than physical entity – can be traced to the iconography of contemplative saints, particularly Jerome. Through the prism of this re-interpretation, I consider Jerome's task of transcribing Biblical meaning in the context of psychoanalytical theories of cultural production. In Part III, I show how Dalí's later, overt use of religious imagery evolved from within his Surrealism. I trace a condensed, personalised life-narrative through Dalí’s paintings of 1948-52, based on Biblical mythology, but compatible with psychoanalytical theory: from birth to death to an ideal return to the mother's body.

Droplet-based microfluidics is a powerful tool permitting massive-scale single-cell analysis in pico-/nano-liter water-in-oil droplets. It has been integrated into various library preparation techniques to accomplish high-throughput scRNA-seq, scDNA-seq, scATAC-seq, scChIP-seq, as well as scMulti-omics-seq. These advanced technologies have been providing unique and novel insights into both normal differentiation and disease development at single-cell level. In this thesis, we develop four new droplet-based tools for single-cell omics profiling. First, the developed Drop-BS is the first droplet-based platform to construct single-cell bisulfite sequencing libraries for DNA methylome profiling and allows production of BS library of 2,000-10,000 single cells within 2 d. We applied the technology to separately profile mixed cell lines, mouse brain tissues, and human brain tissues to reveal cell type heterogeneity. Second, the new Drop-ChIP platform only requires two steps of droplet generation to achieve multiple steps of reactions in droplets such as single-cell lysis, chromatin fragmentation, ChIP, and barcoding. Third, we aim to establish a droplet-based platform to accomplish high-throughput full-length RNA-seq (Drop-full-seq), which both current tube-based and droplet-based methods cannot realize. Last, we constructed an in-house droplet-based tool to assist single-cell ATAC-seq library preparation (Drop-ATAC), which provided a low-cost and facile protocol to conduct scATAC-seq in laboratories without the expensive instrument. / Doctor of Philosophy / Microfluidics is a collection of techniques to manipulate fluids in the micrometer scale. One of microfluidic techniques is called "droplet-based microfluidics". It can manipulate (i.e., generate, merge, sort, split, etc) pico-/nano-liter of water-in-oil droplets. First, since the water phase is separated by the continuous oil phase, these droplets are discrete and individual reactors. Second, droplet-based microfluidics can achieve highly parallel manipulation of thousands to millions of droplets. These two advantages make droplet-based microfluidics an ideal tool to perform single-cell assays. Over the past 10 years, various droplet-based platforms have been developed to study single-cell transcriptome, genome, epigenome, as well as multi-ome. To expand droplet-based tools for single-cell analysis, we aim to develop four novel platforms in this thesis. First, Drop-BS, by integrating droplet generation and droplet fusion techniques, can achieve high-throughput single-cell bisulfite sequencing library preparation. It can generate 10,000 single-cell BS libraries within 2 days which is difficult to achieve for conventional library preparation in tubes/microwells. Second, we developed a novel and facile Drop-ChIP platform to prepare single-cell ChIP-seq library. It is easy to operate since it only requires two steps of droplet generation. It also generates higher quality of data compared to previous work. In addition, we are working on the development and characterization of the other two droplet-based tools to achieve full-length single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell ATAC-seq.

The development of the IEEE 802.22 standard is aimed at providing broadband access in rural areas by effectively utilizing the unused TV band, provided no harmful interference is caused to the incumbent operation. This thesis presents the analytical framework to evaluate the number of active customer premise equipments (CPEs) in a wireless regional area network. Initial ranging is the primary process in IEEE 802.22 networks for CPEs to access the network and establish their connections with the base station (BS). A comprehensive analysis of initial ranging mechanism is provided in this work and initial ranging request success probability is derived based on the number of contended CPEs and the initial contention window size. Further, the average ranging success delay is derived for the maximum backoff stages. The collision probability is highly dependent on the size of the initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. To keep it at a specific level, it is necessary for the BS to schedule the required size of the initial contention window to facilitate the maximum number of CPEs to establish their connections with reasonable delay. Therefore, the optimized initial window size is proposed that meets the collision probability constraint for a particular number of contended CPEs. An analytical model is also developed to estimate the ranging request collision probability depending upon the size of initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. Moreover, this approximation provides the threshold size for contention window to start the initial ranging process in the IEEE 802.22 network.

LHCB est une expérience dédiée à l'étude de la violation CP dans le domaine des mésons B et de leur désintégration rares. Lors du démarrage du LHC, une des premières actions sera de vérifier que l'appareillage a les performances attendues. Cette thèse se place dan sle contexte des premières mesures de l'expérience LHCb pour deux sujets traités : la reconstruction des photons par le calorimètre électromagnétique dans différentes configurations expérimentales et la calibration du calorimètre électromagnétique. Dans ce but une identification des photons `partir de l'ensemble des informations du SPD, PS, ECAL et HCAL est dévellopée basée sur un méthode discriminante de Fisher. Ces photons reconstruits sont utilisés dans la reconstruction des Pi0 dont les spectres mesureront dès le début des prises de données le niveau de calibration du calorimètre. Pour calibrer chaque cellule du calorimètre électromagnétique la contrainte sur la masse des Pi0 reconstruits est utilisée. Une calibration à 1% est possible pour une dé-calibration allant jusqu'à 30% en une dizaine d'heures de prise de données à la luminosité nominale. Deux canaux de physique, ou la calibration du calorimètre et la reconstruction des mésons neutres se désintégrant en paire de photons sont les points clefs sont étudiés. Le canal Bd->J/PsiPi0 mesure de l'angle Beta du triangle CKM, les graphes qui y contribuent peuvent être sensible à de la physique au delà du Modèle Standard. Le canal Bs->J/PSiEta mesure l'angle Chi, domaine spécifique de LHCb. La sensibilité pour a mesure des ces deux angles est estimée.

‘The Ethics, Aesthetics and Politics of Carlyle’s French Revolution’ examines the work of Thomas Carlyle as a crucial aesthetic intervention in the modern reception of the French Revolution in Europe. It interrogates the prevalent critical constructions of Carlyle’s work and finds them to proceed predominantly from the Whig historical agenda, structured around such key nineteenth-century concepts as utilitarianism and civilisational and moral progress. Within this critical framework, Carlyle’s largely conservative cultural stance and Christian spirituality are hardly allowed any creative potential and, ever since the famous fabrication of James Anthony Froude who depicted Carlyle as ‘a Calvinist without the theology’, they have been perceived as artistically-stunted, irrational, and out of touch with the nineteenth-century political, social and cultural realities. In examining Carlyle’s involvement with German Romanticism on the one hand, and with contemporary British periodical press on the other, this thesis proposes a more comprehensive reading of Carlyle’s politics, aesthetics and spirituality in an attempt to represent his radically open, catholic and indeed cosmopolitan artistic agenda which taps into the Scottish Enlightenment concept of rationality, Calvinist scepticism towards nineteenth-century progressivism and acute perception of evil in this world, and post-Burkean Romantic aesthetics of the sublime. We chart the aesthetic movement from Carlyle’s early dialogue with Schiller and Goethe to ‘The Diamond Necklace’, Carlyle’s first artistic rendition of the French pre-revolutionary scene, delivered as a (Gothic) moral tale and anticipating The French Revolution (a historical work that uniquely employs the Gothic genre within historical narrative, arguably unparalleled in British post-Burkean Romanticism). The critical reception of The French Revolution in Britain is examined, with special attention paid to the highly unfavourable review by Herman Merivale in The Edinburgh Review, in order to challenge the Whig line in Carlylean criticism and to expose the fundamental artistic, political and moral disagreement between Carlyle and Merivale. Carlyle’s Calvinist stance sees both Merivale’s and Thomas Babington Macaulay’s facile exorcism of the categories of good and evil from their historical agendas as irrational given the recent French terror (which, in Carlyle’s reading, released its demons precisely through such a botched ethical deal). Similarly, I highlight Carlyle’s close dialogue with John Stuart Mill both in their correspondence, and in the publications in the London and Westminster Review, while I argue that this intellectual exchange is crucial for the reading of The French Revolution as a text challenging Mill’s utilitarianism, and written within the institutional framework of the contemporary periodical press. Finally, Carlyle is seen to make capital of the concepts of Gothic and sublime, introduced by Edmund Burke and popularised by the Anti-Jacobin Review in Britain, by applying them directly to the French mob in search of a new spiritual tongue for his times (a move that even a nineteenth-century radical liberal thinker such as Mill sees as politically, if not artistically, far too subversive and revolutionary). Creative non-conclusiveness and playful deconstruction of the prevalent post-revolutionary narratives of 1789 characterise Carlyle’s deeply spiritual and artistically-sophisticated text, which, in an orthodox Christian reading, rejoices in the messy, dark and complex residue of human history, through which Christian providence acts in mysterious and unexpected ways that do not allow for any simple, de-mythologised reading.

The present thesis is an enquiry into the nature and consistency of the idea of music as a metaphor throughout the works of the English philosopher and physician Robert Fludd (1573/4-1637). Fludd was very fond of a view of the world in which man is made of the same elements and the same proportions of the cosmos. Though this idea was slowly losing credit amongst the intellectuals of the time, Fluddean thought made some impact in the British Isles, and even more so on the continent: Johannes Kepler, for instance, wrote extensively about Fludd’s use of numerical symbolism, and stressed the differences between his own idea of harmony of the spheres and Fludd’s. After Fludd’s death, his ideas were still taken seriously amongst certain intellectual circles, e.g. in England (John Webster) and Poland (John Amos Comenius), and Fluddean thought influenced German musico-theoretical writers such as Athanasius Kircher, Andreas Werckmeister, and Johann Walther. But the subsequent centuries witnessed a general obliviousness towards Fludd. His figure began to re- emerge only in the second half of the 20th century in an increasing number of essays, papers, articles and a few books dedicated to him. What is still lacking, though, is a reassessment relying upon a more organic approach, which takes into account the entirety of Fludd’s publications and the wide range of topics covered in them. My work attempts to address this issue. The musical metaphor is one of the strongest leitmotifs in Fluddean publications, thanks to its being fit for representing man, the cosmos, and their interrelationship. Indeed the monochord, which well before Fludd was the preeminent practical and philosophical demonstration of the Pythagorean ‘divine’ proportions, rules the pages of Fludd’s earlier volumes. In later volumes, though, a new instrument takes its place: the more up-to-date weather-glass, surprisingly also linked to musical proportions. I argue that the new scientific instrument retains some of the monochord’s traits, thus representing an original re-arrangement of ‘ancient’ music; in fact, Fludd even applies it to the human pulse – an under-studied topic that I survey in detail. Following the whole Fluddean opera omnia is a task that gives one a glimpse of Fludd’s reactions to the deep changes that the intellectual and scientific world was undergoing from a perspective that has been, so far, largely neglected. This opens up to new fascinating outlooks on music, medicine and science at the beginning of the seventeenth century.

This paper presents a stability analysis of the sensor data which is collected by QTAGG from alarge ocean going ship and using the stability results, introduces some information about howthe measurements that come from the sensors can be improved and how reliable they are. In thetheoretical part, some background information is given mainly based on British Standard(BS)ISO 19030 which was published in November, 2016. This source basically includes someinformation about the measurement of changes in hull and propeller performance of a vessel.Using the theoretical information, in the implementation part, the necessary methods areimplemented in python programming language on a real life data set of a vessel which is givenfrom QTAGG company. To measure the stability of the parameters in the data, we loosenthe filters of the parameters and observe how they respond to the technical changes. In orderto understand how loosen the filters can be made, a reference speed-power curve is createdby using a curve fitting method, and after creating a performance indicator by utilizing thereference curve, Anderson-Darling and Shapiro-Wilk tests are used to measure the stability ofthe performance indicator. Besides these numerical tests, some visual methods such as Q-Qplot and histogram plot are also used in this process. Finally, we could provide stability resultsby using both our theoretical knowledge and the practical implementation.

In dieser Arbeit konnte erstmals die Stapelfolge der reinen Pd(111)-Oberfläche aus atomar aufgelösten RTM-Messungen einer Stufe bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Messungen wurden durch LEED-Messungen bestätigt. Damit ist es möglich, in einer RTM-Messung zwischen den unterschiedlichen dreifach koordinierten Adsrptionsplätzen zu unterscheiden. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurden die unterschiedlichen Strukturen von einer schwefelbedeckten Pd(111)-Oberfläche untersucht. Dabei bestimmen die Präparationsbedingungen die sich bildende Struktur. Die Oberfläche wurde sowohl durch Adsorption von H²S-Gas als auch durch Segregation von Schwefelverunreinigungen aus dem Volumen präpariert. Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Präparationsmechanismen wurden herausgearbeitet, Präparationsbedingungen zur selektiven Präparation einzelner Strukturen wurden bestimmt. Basierend auf atomar aufgelösten Spektroskopiemessungen und Simulationsrechnungen konnte ein neues Modell der (√7 × √7)R19°-Struktur entwickelt werden. Die Messungen an der (2 × 2)- bzw. der √3 × √3)-Struktur bestätigen die bekannten Strukturmodelle.

The development of the IEEE 802.22 standard is aimed at providing broadband access in rural areas by effectively utilizing the unused TV band, provided no harmful interference is caused to the incumbent operation. This thesis presents the analytical framework to evaluate the number of active customer premise equipments (CPEs) in a wireless regional area network. Initial ranging is the primary process in IEEE 802.22 networks for CPEs to access the network and establish their connections with the base station (BS). A comprehensive analysis of initial ranging mechanism is provided in this work and initial ranging request success probability is derived based on the number of contended CPEs and the initial contention window size. Further, the average ranging success delay is derived for the maximum backoff stages. The collision probability is highly dependent on the size of the initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. To keep it at a specific level, it is necessary for the BS to schedule the required size of the initial contention window to facilitate the maximum number of CPEs to establish their connections with reasonable delay. Therefore, the optimized initial window size is proposed that meets the collision probability constraint for a particular number of contended CPEs. An analytical model is also developed to estimate the ranging request collision probability depending upon the size of initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. Moreover, this approximation provides the threshold size for contention window to start the initial ranging process in the IEEE 802.22 network. / Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.