The thesis deals with the comparison of the accuracy of methods used for valuation of the construction of the kindergarten. The theoretical part defines basic terms used in thesis and those related to the topic. Individual methods used for appraisal under construction are presented and described. In practical part, selected methods are applied to a concrete example of partially costructed Kamechy kindergarten in two phases of building process. In order to determine whether price differences among different valuation methods change over time, an appraisal is performed for two different price levels - for years 2014 and 2018. Based on comparison, analysis and evaluation of partial and overall results of the evaluation, accuracy of all appraisal methods used for valuation of partially constructed kindergarten are calculated and determined.

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of range of reconstruction on the price of building construction. Effect of the extent of reconstruction consists in comparing of the total costs of the bridge during reconstruction of the top of the bridge leaving the main structure and during the reconstruction realized with the exchange of the main supporting structure. The total costs incurred are expected for 60 years.

<p>Generally, the trade supervisors are seen swapping stories about how they have done things differently in their previous projects that had resulted in saving man-hours and resources. Since most of them are doing repetitive tasks for years, they rely mainly on their judgments and intuition while making decisions and have developed a plethora of knowledge throughout their experience. They often find it difficult to articulate the knowledge they have acquired most of which is tacit. There is a need to identify this tacit dimension of knowledge to harness it effectively as tacit knowledge is one of the factors determining the competitiveness of a construction firm. The skills shortage in the industry is further aggravated by the growing workforce. Employee retirements and knowledge loss are compelling the specialty contracting firms to capture this tacit knowledge to prepare the future workforce. This study posits an instrument to gauge the reliance of the field supervisors on tacit knowledge and identifies barriers to knowledge sharing through case studies involving electrical contracting firms. The findings of this research clearly show that the experience level of an individual is related to the reliance on tacit knowledge. Most of the experienced field supervisors rely on the tacit dimension of knowledge to perform the major day-to-day routine tasks at the construction site. The education level of an individual seems to have no significant relation with the acquisition and usage of tacit knowledge. Findings also suggest that the viewpoint of the management and the field team are disparate regarding the barriers to knowledge sharing. Management feels that lack of formal processes prevents the trade professionals from sharing their knowledge among themselves whereas according to the field team lack of socialization is identified as the key barrier. Similarly, managers' resistance to change is identified by management as the key barrier that prevents supervisors or managers from sharing their knowledge with the subordinates whereas, for the field team it is the lack of encouragement from the management. Moreover, according to management, lack of formal processes is the key barrier at the organizational level but for the field team, it’s the silo mentality of the managers. The organizations must incorporate the feedback from the field team into the decision making related to knowledge management (KM). The developed framework will benefit the trade contractors to identify on what type of knowledge the field supervisors are relying to perform a particular task and eventually categorizing knowledge into explicit and tacit.</p>

Concrete is one of the world's most widely used building materials,but due to the high carbon dioxide emissions produced by the concretecomponent Portland cement, there is a growing need of alternativeconcrete recipes that require less portland cement. When you replace aportion of the Portland cement in the concrete recipe with an additivematerial such as granulated blast furnace slag, the carbon dioxideemissions decrease, but the strength growth becomes slower. Inconcrete casting, there are currently several working methods foraccelerating strength growth and the purpose of this work is toinvestigate the effect that various hardening accelerating measureshave on slag-based concrete. The work is limited to studying buildingproduction and focuses on the structural parts concrete slabs, wallsand filigree slabs. The study was carried out in collaboration withSkanska AB.To investigate the effect of different hardening accelerating measureson slag-based concrete, concrete casting simulations are compared inthe software Produktionsplanering Betong (PPB). The measures that arestudied in different variations are heating coils, external heating,insulation and elevated casting temperature. A total of 114simulations are planned, which include variations of the investigatedmeasures, outdoor temperature and design geometry. A survey is alsoconducted with the purpose to assess how hardening acceleratingmeasures are applied in swedish building production today. The surveyis spread with a geographical spread to five of the largesthouseproducing construction groups in Sweden. The result of thesimulations performed is that the measure heating loops has achievedthe best result where its effect has been optimized for eachindividual case. The results indicate that heating coils, incombination with insulation, are an effective measure. At the sametime, the survey shows that there is annoyance with the methods thathave proven effective in the simulations performed. Although it is notpossible to draw a conclusion about a universal solution to compensatefor the slower hardening time of the slag concrete, the results stillindicate that today's construction industry has good conditions for atransition to a more environmentally friendly concrete. / Betong är ett av världens mest använda byggmaterial, men på grund av den stora haltkoldioxidemissioner betongkomponenten cement producerar så finns ett ökandebehov att tillämpa betongrecept som kräver mindre cement. Då man ersätter en andelav portlandcementet i betongreceptet med ett alternativt tillsatsmaterial somgranulerad masugnsslagg, minskar koldioxidemissionerna, men hållfasthetstillväxtenblir långsammare. Vid betonggjutning finns i dag flera arbetsmetoder för att påskyndahållfasthetstillväxten och syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka vilken effekt dessaolika härdningspåskyndande åtgärder har på slaggbaserad betong, även kalladslaggbetong. Arbetet begränsas till att studera husproduktion och fokuserar påkonstruktionsdelarna platta på mark, väggelement och filigranbjälklag. Studien ärutförd i samarbete med Skanska Sverige AB.För att undersöka vilken effekt olika härdningspåskyndande åtgärder har påslaggbetong jämförs betonggjutningssimuleringar i programvaranProduktionsplanering Betong, (PPB). Slaggbetongen som undersöks är Skanska GrönBetong, och åtgärderna som huvudsakligen studeras är olika variationer avvärmeslingor, extern uppvärmning, isolering och höjd gjutningstemperatur. 114stycken simuleringar planeras totalt, vilka inkluderar variationer av de undersöktaåtgärderna, uteluftstemperatur och konstruktionsgeometri. En enkätundersökningutförs även med syfte att bedöma hur härdningspåskyndande åtgärder tillämpas isvensk husproduktion idag. Enkäten sprids med en geografisk spridning till fem avde största husproducerande byggkoncernerna i Sverige. Resultatet av de utfördasimuleringarna är att åtgärden värmeslingor uppnått bäst resultat där dess effekt varitoptimerad för varje enskilt fall. Resultatet tyder på att värmeslingor i kombinationmed isolering, är en effektiv åtgärd. Samtidigt visar enkätundersökningen att det finnserfarenhet av de metoder som visat sig effektiva i de simuleringar som utförts. Trotsatt det ej går att dra en slutsats om en allmängiltig lösning för att kompensera förslaggbetongens långsammare härdningstid, tyder ändock resultatet på att dagensbyggindustri har goda förutsättningar för en övergång till en miljövänligare betong.

This diploma thesis deals with the problems surrounding costing variants of building constructions, as well as creating an itemized budget for a single house in civil engineering. The first part of the thesis focuses on theory divided into two sections. The first section looks into the pricing in the civil engineering sector, the second contains explanations of technical terms related to the thesis. The second part of the thesis focuses on practical solutions to the researched topic of creating an itemized budget for a new building. Costing variants of projected buildings are proposed while meeting the projected thermal insulation parameters. New itemized budgets are created on the basis of chosen costing variants evaluating their price and how time demanding they are. Itemized budgets are used to create price indicators of a built-up area, a usable area, a living area, and an enclosed area.

<p dir="ltr">Accurate traffic information plays a crucial role in developing appropriate pavement designs. However, the existing traffic design input module often falls short in accurately describing the real traffic conditions on Indiana highways. Furthermore, a range of issues related to vehicle classification, transit bus traffic characterization, semi-truck platooning, pavement friction assessment, and highway model representation have been identified. This study aims to improve the design, safety, and visual presentation of highways in Indiana. In the realm of design, real-world traffic data will be collected and processed, while a traffic database of urban buses will be established. Both an axle-based digital classification method and a model-based image classification method will be introduced to categorize unclassified vehicles. The updated vehicle class distributions and axle load distributions will serve as pivotal traffic inputs for pavement design. Regarding safety considerations, a model for two-semi-truck platooning will be developed to determine safe and optimal headways. Characteristics pertinent to semi-truck platoons will be outlined and discussed. Additionally, a series of laboratory and field tests will be conducted to assess the frictional properties and performance of aggregates and colored pavements, thereby refining roadway safety measures. In the realm of visual presentation, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework will be applied to convert, enrich, and extend a highway model. A BIM-centered repository will be created, amalgamating a wealth of information encompassing traffic specifics and project particulars into an integrated visual platform. Moreover, Open BIM processes will be implemented, streamlining the exchange of highway data and ensuring seamless compatibility of models. The results of this study can offer valuable insights to drive improvements in highway design, safety, and visual presentation throughout Indiana.</p>

This master thesis investigates stakeholder perspectives on the adoption of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for sustainable construction of buildings. Study includes stakeholder views, preferences, and obstacles regarding adoption of sustainable construction initiatives by utilising a qualitative research approach. Key stakeholder viewpoints on the applicability, usefulness, and relevance are provided through qualitative interviews. Furthermore, stakeholder perspectives towards sustainability and process for development of KPIs are evaluated using qualitative surveys. The study utilises a case study methodology, focusing on a case company that is engaged in the construction of sustainable buildings, and employs a constructivist research design technique to comprehend the individual viewpoints and insights of stakeholders. To obtain in-depth insights, qualitative data gathering techniques like surveys and interviews are employed. A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) is also included to determine internal and external variables impacting the adoption of KPIs and to systematically assess stakeholder viewpoints. The research findings shows that various stakeholders hold distinct opinions about the development of sustainable buildings. Although most stakeholders agree that KPIs are crucial for assessing sustainable development, there are significant differences in perspectives about sustainable initiatives in terms of the cost, lack of knowledge, and organizations involvement in decision-making. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made to the case company to improve stakeholder involvement and collaboration in the development of KPIs for sustainable building construction. These include using standardised frameworks and rules for the creation of KPIs, incorporating stakeholder perspective into data gathering and analysis, and adopting collaborative approaches that engage stakeholders across the KPI life span.  The research contributes to the current discussion on sustainable construction approaches by addressing stakeholder perspectives and reservations, as well as influencing future efforts to develop and carry out effective KPIs in line with the goals and values of the company.

Este trabalho é motivado pela constatação de que a instalação de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gases combustíveis nos apartamentos novos pode ter custos inferiores à instalação de sistemas elétricos e pelas perspectivas de aumento da oferta de gás natural no país. Considerando isso e a perspectiva de aumento no consumo de eletricidade, a pesquisa procura identificar barreiras para expansão do uso dos sistemas a gás, sugerindo formas para que sejam superadas. Considerando que as decisões tomadas durante a construção definem em grande medida os usos da energia nos imóveis, o trabalho se baseia numa pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas com agentes da construção civil. Inclui ainda uma contextualização sobre o uso da energia no setor residencial. Essa contextualização mostra a evolução do mercado brasileiro de gases combustíveis, a baixa participação histórica desses energéticos no aquecimento de água e as perspectivas de crescimento da oferta de gás natural no país. Também descreve o uso de água quente para banho, abordando os principais sistemas de aquecimento disponíveis no mercado paulistano. Perspectivas relativas ao aumento do consumo de eletricidade e de desenvolvimento do mercado imobiliário completam essa contextualização. A pesquisa mostra que já há ampla disseminação do uso de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gás na cidade de São Paulo. Esse desenvolvimento deveu-se a fatores como a obrigatoriedade da introdução de tais sistemas em alguns tipos de construção a partir de meados dos anos 1980, as exigências de conforto dos consumidores de classe média e classe alta e ao racionamento de eletricidade de 2001. Por outro lado, verifica-se que o chuveiro elétrico continua sendo usado nas construções voltadas para a classe baixa. Como esse é o segmento com maior demanda por novas residências, identifica-se um espaço importante para substituição de eletrotermia e aumento do uso dos gases combustíveis para aquecimento de água. / This research is motivated by the verification that the installation of gas based water-heating systems in new apartments may be cheaper than the use of electric systems. It is also motivated by the perspectives of a growing supply of natural gas in the country. Considering these points and the perspective of general growing use of electricity, this research identifies barriers to expand the use of gas based systems, suggesting ways to overcome those barriers. Considering that the energy uses in an apartment are largely affected by decisions taken during the construction of the building, the study is based on a field research developed through interviews with construction agents. It also includes a definition on the residential energy use, which details the gas (natural gas and LPG) market evolution, the historically reduced use of these fuels in water-heating systems, and the perspectives of rising supply of natural gas in Brazil. It also describes the use of hot water to hygiene, considering the main systems available in São Paulo. This context is completed by the perspectives related to the increase of electricity demand and the current real estate market development. The research concludes that gas based water-heating systems are already extensively used in São Paulo. This development is related to the mandatory use of those systems in some apartment configurations, the users demand for comfort, and the 2001 electric power shortage. On the other hand, it shows that electric showers are still largely used in building of poorer families. Since this segment has the largest demand for new houses in the country, there is space to substitute energy consumed for thermal purposes with the direct use of gas.

Neste trabalho são investigados os aspectos da contabilidade das empresas de construção civil relacionados ao esclarecimento dos problemas existentes e os requisitos para que ela seja útil no apoio aos processos de tomadas de decisões. São demonstradas diferentes formas de contabilização para essas empresas e tecidas sobre essas formas de contabilização à luz da teoria contábil. São também feitos comentários críticos a respeito da análise de demonstrações contábeis dessas empresas e apresentados índices complementares aos convencionais, que revelam dois aspectos importantes da contabilidade: a capacidade informativa da contabilidade e a importância das informações evidenciadas em notas explicativas. / This work investigates the aspects of the accounting of bulding construction companies (contractors) related to clarify the existent problems and the requirements to be useful in supportting the decision making processes. Different entries are demonstrated for those companies and discussions are made regarding those different recording in the light of Accounting Theory. Critical comments are also made regarding the analysis of financial statements of those companies and it is presented a complementary unconventional ratios, showing two important aspects of accounting: the informative ability of accounting and the relevance of information disclosed in footnotes.

No Brasil, a inserção do projeto para produção de vedações verticais e revestimentos de fachada nas empresas de construção civil gerou métodos de trabalho com melhorias significativas no desenvolvimento e na racionalização dos processos de construção civil. Essas melhorias influenciaram tanto o desempenho quanto as vantagens competitivas para as empresas contratantes. Os projetos para produção, além de oferecer excelentes informações para a tomada de decisões táticas e estratégicas para gerentes e coordenadores de projeto, geram também dados importantes para a equipe de produção, tornando-se uma ferramenta essencial para assegurar a compatibilidade e racionalização construtivas. Alguns pesquisadores têm demonstrado a importância dos projetos para a produção na indústria da construção civil ao propor diretrizes de projeto ou diretrizes técnicas para que esses projetos sejam desenvolvidos. No entanto, nenhum trabalho abordou o escopo essencial que esses projetos devam possuir, nem tampouco em que fase de desenvolvimento cada atividade deve ser elaborada. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo elaborar uma proposição de escopos de projetos para produção de vedações verticais e revestimentos de fachada e analisar criticamente as mudanças introduzidas nas práticas do planejamento do processo do projeto de cada empresa participante da pesquisa, de maneira a proporcionar referências e documentações que norteiem tanto a que tecnologia construtiva quanto processo de projeto e o planejamento do mesmo na construção civil brasileira. / In Brazil, the incorporation of design for the production of partition walls and facade coverings into construction companies has generated working methods with significant improvements in the construction development and rationalization processes. These improvements affected both the performance and the competitive advantages for companies contractor. The design for production, besides offering excellent information support to enable the design managers to make strategic decisions, also generates important data for the production team, becoming an essential tool for achieving compatibility and rationalization in construction. Some researchers have demonstrated the relevance of production design in the construction industry; however, the content of those designs did not received sufficient attention from academics and professionals. This research aims to describe the elaboration scopes process of the production of partition walls and facade coverings and analyzing the changes made in the practices of the design process of each participating company, from manuals scopes of projects developed in attempt to provide references and documentation that directs the construction technology, the design process and also the planning of it in the Brazilian civil construction.