Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T20:56:54Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (1).pdf: 19845597 bytes, checksum: a0771de1e645df07c152873e59f534e2 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (2).pdf: 17441990 bytes, checksum: b1f22aee78d803aedac8b5d5827fa31b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T20:57:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (1).pdf: 19845597 bytes, checksum: a0771de1e645df07c152873e59f534e2 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (2).pdf: 17441990 bytes, checksum: b1f22aee78d803aedac8b5d5827fa31b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-06T20:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (1).pdf: 19845597 bytes, checksum: a0771de1e645df07c152873e59f534e2 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Valverde Arrotéia - 2013 (2).pdf: 17441990 bytes, checksum: b1f22aee78d803aedac8b5d5827fa31b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / During the last twenty years the construction field in Brazil has evolved significantly in response to its market growing and competitiveness. However this evolving path has faced many obstacles such as cultural barriers and the lack of efforts to achieve quality at the Brazilian construction site. As one of the causes of this facts the lack of integration between construction and the designing process generates waste, pathologies, work redone and improvised changes originated by incompatible projects which were taken by incapacitated personnel at an inconvenient moment. At the same time, the great amount of information generated on the designing or construction phases is lost due to the lack of an effective coordination of these activities. From this scenario Souza (2001), has developed two management methods in her doctorate thesis named Preparation for the Execution of Buildings (known as PEO) and the Pro-active Coordination (known as CPA), these methods are based on the application of the processes adopted by the French construction industry on Brazilian construction sites. These methodologies aim to establish the integration of the project phases by a set of actions and activities implemented by a system of meetings where the main objective is to discuss the projects and the planning of the construction site seeking to obtain a better quality and better outcome on the productive process. These methodologies aim to bring expressive improvements on the productivity, as well as on the lowering of waste, on the settlement of goals, on planning actions in accordance with all the agents involved and mainly on the reduction of costs allied to higher quality standards. Thus is an objective of this research to implement the Preparation on the Execution of Buildings (PEO) seeking to understand the management of the designing process and its interface with the construction site. The methodology applied on the development of the analysis is classified as qualitative and it will be carried by the practical application of the research and the evaluation of its results. Thus, the study was divided into two stages, one of them intended for a pilot study of PEO in Company A, and the other to the implementation of PEO on the company B. This way, the method was developed from a system meetings entitled structured in three different stages: the release of PEO; the development of PEO and the completion of the intensive phase of PEO, which were performed over a period from two to three months. The data analysis was structured upon five main aspects which were evaluated during the implementation of the method on the studied companies. These aspects were: the actions taken during the PEO phase, the development of the actions and the participation of the agents; the internal structure of the companies analyzed; The management and design coordination and the contract form of the contractors, architects and engineers. The results obtained demonstrated the PEO method's effectiveness and viability while a booster on the improvement of project management. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PEO is feasible to be applied in building construction companies, since this method can contribute to the integration of the design phases and construction, as well as to the improvement of the communication between the agents involved in the building construction field. / Nos últimos 20 anos, o setor da construção civil no Brasil evoluiu significativamente em resposta ao crescimento da competitividade no mercado. Entretanto, nesse processo de evolução ainda têm sido encontradas barreiras culturais e organizacionais, e, sobretudo, dificuldades nos esforços à qualidade nos canteiros de obras brasileiros. Aliada a este quadro, a falta de integração entre as atividades de construir e projetar provoca uma série de desperdícios, patologias, retrabalhos e alterações improvisadas decorrentes de projetos não compatibilizados, ora por ausência de detalhes nos projetos, ora por decisões tomadas por pessoas não capacitadas em momentos inadequados. A partir dessa realidade, Souza (2001) desenvolveu dois métodos de gestão nomeados Preparação da Execução de Obras (PEO) e Coordenação Pró-Ativa (CPA) em sua tese de doutoramento, por meio da transposição desses métodos adotados na gestão da interface projeto-execução de obras na França para a realidade dos canteiros de obras brasileiros. Esses métodos visam à integração das etapas de projeto e obra a partir de um conjunto de ações e atividades realizadas por meio de reuniões sistematizadas voltadas à discussão do projeto, ao planejamento e à organização do futuro canteiro de obras, a fim de obter melhor qualidade e desempenho no processo produtivo. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral implementar o método da preparação da execução de obras (PEO) a fim de avaliar a interface entre a gestão do processo de projeto e a execução do canteiro de obras. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é classificada como qualitativa, a qual foi realizada por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, e dividida em duas etapas diferentes, sendo uma destinada ao estudo piloto da PEO na empresa A, e a outra à implementação da PEO na empresa B. Deste modo, a aplicação do método foi desenvolvida a partir de um sistema de reuniões em três fases intituladas: lançamento da PEO; desenvolvimento da PEO e finalização da fase intensiva de PEO, as quais foram realizadas em um período entre dois e três meses. A análise de dados foi estruturada a partir de cinco aspectos principais, os quais foram avaliados durante a aplicação do método nas empresas estudadas, sendo eles: quanto às ações desenvolvidas na fase de PEO, quanto ao desenvolvimento das reuniões e a participação dos agentes; quanto à estrutura organizacional e departamental das empresas; quanto à gestão e a coordenação de projetos; e quanto ao formato de contratação dos projetistas e subempreiteiros. Os resultados obtidos com a realização deste trabalho comprovaram a eficácia do método da PEO e a sua viabilidade enquanto potencializador na melhoria da gestão da interface projeto-execução de obras. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a PEO é viável de ser aplicada em empresas de construção e incorporação de edifícios, uma vez que este método pode contribuir para a integração das etapas de projeto e execução, bem como na melhoria da comunicação e na interação entre os agentes envolvidos na produção de edifícios.

Este trabalho é motivado pela constatação de que a instalação de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gases combustíveis nos apartamentos novos pode ter custos inferiores à instalação de sistemas elétricos e pelas perspectivas de aumento da oferta de gás natural no país. Considerando isso e a perspectiva de aumento no consumo de eletricidade, a pesquisa procura identificar barreiras para expansão do uso dos sistemas a gás, sugerindo formas para que sejam superadas. Considerando que as decisões tomadas durante a construção definem em grande medida os usos da energia nos imóveis, o trabalho se baseia numa pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas com agentes da construção civil. Inclui ainda uma contextualização sobre o uso da energia no setor residencial. Essa contextualização mostra a evolução do mercado brasileiro de gases combustíveis, a baixa participação histórica desses energéticos no aquecimento de água e as perspectivas de crescimento da oferta de gás natural no país. Também descreve o uso de água quente para banho, abordando os principais sistemas de aquecimento disponíveis no mercado paulistano. Perspectivas relativas ao aumento do consumo de eletricidade e de desenvolvimento do mercado imobiliário completam essa contextualização. A pesquisa mostra que já há ampla disseminação do uso de sistemas de aquecimento de água a gás na cidade de São Paulo. Esse desenvolvimento deveu-se a fatores como a obrigatoriedade da introdução de tais sistemas em alguns tipos de construção a partir de meados dos anos 1980, as exigências de conforto dos consumidores de classe média e classe alta e ao racionamento de eletricidade de 2001. Por outro lado, verifica-se que o chuveiro elétrico continua sendo usado nas construções voltadas para a classe baixa. Como esse é o segmento com maior demanda por novas residências, identifica-se um espaço importante para substituição de eletrotermia e aumento do uso dos gases combustíveis para aquecimento de água. / This research is motivated by the verification that the installation of gas based water-heating systems in new apartments may be cheaper than the use of electric systems. It is also motivated by the perspectives of a growing supply of natural gas in the country. Considering these points and the perspective of general growing use of electricity, this research identifies barriers to expand the use of gas based systems, suggesting ways to overcome those barriers. Considering that the energy uses in an apartment are largely affected by decisions taken during the construction of the building, the study is based on a field research developed through interviews with construction agents. It also includes a definition on the residential energy use, which details the gas (natural gas and LPG) market evolution, the historically reduced use of these fuels in water-heating systems, and the perspectives of rising supply of natural gas in Brazil. It also describes the use of hot water to hygiene, considering the main systems available in São Paulo. This context is completed by the perspectives related to the increase of electricity demand and the current real estate market development. The research concludes that gas based water-heating systems are already extensively used in São Paulo. This development is related to the mandatory use of those systems in some apartment configurations, the users demand for comfort, and the 2001 electric power shortage. On the other hand, it shows that electric showers are still largely used in building of poorer families. Since this segment has the largest demand for new houses in the country, there is space to substitute energy consumed for thermal purposes with the direct use of gas.

This thesis presents a coherent, sustained and substantial contribution to the advancement of knowledge or application of knowledge or both in the field of construction management and economics. More specifically, this thesis outlines the strategic development of the built environment through lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management. The strategic role of construction in economic development is emphasized. It describes the contributions transnational construction firms made towards modern-day construction project management practices globally. It establishes the relationship between construction quality and economic development and fosters a better understanding of total quality management and quality management systems in enhancing construction industry performance. Additionally, it prescribes lessons from the manufacturing industry for construction productivity and identifies the amount of carbon emissions reduced through lean construction management practices to alleviate the generally adverse effects of the built environment on global climate change. It highlights the need for integrated management systems to enhance quality and productivity for sustainable development in the built environment. The thesis is an account of how the built environment has evolved, leveraging on lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management for improvements over the past two decades.

Master of Industrial Relations / Australia, during the twenty five years that followed the end of the Second World War, experienced increased prosperity and a stable industrial relations system in which the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission (the federal commission) played a dominant and authoritative role. The NSW building boom which began in the latter part of the 1950s introduced new technology, concentrated building workers in the central business district of Sydney, and broadened the range of skills required of builders' labourers. The major NSW building tradesmen's union, the Building Workers' Industrial Union (NSW/BWIU), had a communist leadership. The national body of that union lost its federal industrial registration in 1948, and the NSW/BWIU moderated its behaviour after it nearly lost its own, NSW state, registration in 1957. The Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders' Labourers Federation (ABLF) had a federal award under which most of the members of its NSW branch (NSW/BLF) were employed. The leadership of both the ABLF and of the NSW/BLF were communist. The Communist Party of Australia (CPA) suffered a defection by the ABLF leadership in the early 1960s to a communist party which endorsed Marxist- Leninist policies. The BWIU leadership also left the CPA (and formed the Socialist Party of Australia) following an announced shift in policy direction by the CPA in 1969. That shift in policy abandoned the `united front' concept and adopted ultra-left policies which advocated vanguard action by small groups. The announcement by the CPA of its new policies occurred after the gaoling of a Victorian union leader which signalled the virtual collapse of the previously authoritative, and punitive, role of the federal commission. The structure and politics of society underwent enormous change during the 1960s and early 1970s which was an era of protest during which various social movements were formed. The NSW/BLF became a major participant in those protests and movements, and conducted various industrial and social campaigns during the first half of the 1970s. Those campaigns were conducted in line with the ultra-left policies of the CPA, and this isolated the NSW/BLF from its federal body and from the trade union movement generally. This thesis analyses some of the campaigns conducted by the NSW/BLF during the period 1970-1974 and the various responses by the Master Builders Association of NSW (MBA/NSW) to those campaigns. The MBA/NSW broadened its membership base during the 1950s, and the effect that its new membership structure had on its decision-making processes is also considered.

Isolator displacements, floor accelerations, roof displacements, base shear and torsional moments are basic parameters that are considered in the design of seismically isolated structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of bidirectional earthquake excitations of near fault records on the response of base isolated structures in terms of basic parameters mentioned above. These parameters computed from nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) and they are compared with the parameters computed from equivalent lateral force procedure (ELF). Effect of asymmetry in superstructure is also examined considering mass eccentricity at each floor level. Torsional amplifications in isolator displacements, floor accelerations, roof displacements and base shear are compared for different level of eccentricities. Two buildings with different story heights are used in the analyses.The building systems are modeled in structural analysis program SAP2000. The scaling of ground motion data are taken from the study of &ldquo / Response of Isolated Structures Under Bi-directional Excitations of Near-fault ground Motions&rdquo / (Ozdemir, 2010). Each ground motion set (fault normal and fault parallel) are applied simultaneously for different range of effective damping of lead rubber bearing (LRB) and for different isolation periods.

As the green movement begins to sweep through the construction industry, decision-makers are beginning to include a sustainable aspect to their purchase decisions. Selecting a product solely based on its sustainability, however, is not enough to drive product selection in the construction industry. Cost still dominates the selection of building products. The level of sustainability of a product and its cost are not interconnected as market prices do not reflect the cost of environmental impacts, such as the cost of global warming or fossil fuel depletion. Having two distinct aspects to consider adds complexity in the product selection process. Typically, it constrains decision-makers to perform a trade-off analysis that does not necessarily guarantee the most environmentally preferable purchase decision. This study proposes a life-cycle management (LCM) system that reinforces the choices made by decision-makers by providing a scientific justification for those decisions. The proposed system analyses the environmental and economic performance of building product through life-cycle analysis and purchase price analysis. It operates on tools publicly available in the market and state-of-the-art analysis, assessment, and interpretation methods. The LCM system combines two distinct product attributes into a single performance score that can be easily interpreted. It allows decision-makers to compare product scores and ultimately make the most environmentally responsible and financially viable selection. A comprehensive approach is used to refine and test the LCM system using case studies comprised of an environmental and economic performance evaluation of flooring products. The contribution of this research includes the consideration of a holistic approach to product selection based on environmental and cost performance. Pre-construction estimators and construction managers could improve their estimating and product selection practices using the proposed system. Material suppliers can also benefit from this approach, as they can use it to enhance their pricing strategies, marketing plans, and overall product competitiveness.

Verbund- und Verbundsicherheitsgläser zeichnen sich durch ein breites Anwendungsspektrum im Bauwesen, im Automobilbau und der Photovoltaikindustrie aus. Dabei werden insbesondere an Verbundsicherheitsglas hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Sicherheitseigenschaften gestellt. Diese Eigenschaften, wie Splitterbindung und Resttragfähigkeit, werden durch einen Verbund aus mindestens zwei Glasscheiben mit einem polymeren Zwischenschichtmaterial realisiert. Aktuell werden in etwa 95% aller Fälle Zwischenschichten aus Polyvinylbutyral für die Herstellung von Verbundsicherheitsglas eingesetzt, da einzig dieses Material bauaufsichtlich geregelt ist. Dabei sind aber auch verschiedene andere Materialien, wie Ethylen-Vinylacetat, thermoplastische Polyurethane oder Ionomere als Zwischenschichten einsetzbar. Aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften erweisen sich diese für spezielle Anwendungsgebiete als besonders geeignet. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung verschiedener polymerer Zwischenschichtmaterialien hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die Herstellung von Verbund- und Verbundsicherheitsgläsern, speziell im Vergleich zur Polyvinylbutyral-Folie. Dabei wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf das Alterungsverhalten der Zwischenschichten gelegt, um deren Eignung auch für mehrere Jahrzehnte Standzeit, wie sie für Bauwerke zu erwarten ist, einschätzen zu können. Um das Alterungsverhalten der verschiedenen polymeren Zwischenschichtmaterialien beurteilen zu können, werden zunächst die Materialeigenschaften der verschiedenen Zwischenschichten im ungealterten Zustand an reinen Substanzprüfkörpern beziehungsweise ungealterten Verbundgläsern ermittelt. Als Alterungsszenarien werden eine Temperaturlagerung, eine Beanspruchung durch wechselnde klimatische Bedingungen, sowie eine Lagerung unter aggressiven Medien und eine Bestrahlungsprüfung zur Beurteilung der Langzeitstabilität durchgeführt. Die verschiedenen Alterungstests mit kleinformatigen Verbundglas-Prüfkörpern wirken sich dabei sowohl auf das optische Erscheinungsbild der Verbundgläser, als auch auf die Materialeigenschaften aus. Neben der Bildung von Blasen, Delaminationen oder Trübungen, führen diese Tests durch chemische Reaktionen oder physikalische Umlagerungen zur Veränderung des Steifigkeits- und Abbauverhaltens der polymeren Zwischenschichtmaterialien. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse der in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Alterungstests erscheinen das untersuchte Ionomer (DuPont SentryGlas) und ein thermoplastisches Polyurethan (Huntsman Krystalflex PE399) am besten für einen dauerhaften Einsatz als Zwischenschichtmaterial für Verbund- und Verbundsicherheitsgläser als geeignet. Durch eine Anpassung der Einbausituation oder eine Beschränkung der Einsatzgebiete und der damit einhergehenden klimatischen Beanspruchungen können auch die anderen Materialien vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. / Laminated glass and laminated safety glass are used in a wide range of applications, for example in construction, automotive and photovoltaic industry. High demands on security properties are made, especially to laminated safety glass. These properties, such as binding glass fragments in case of breakage and the residual bearing capacity, will be realized by a composite of at least two panes of glass with a polymeric interlayer material. Currently, in about 95% of all cases, interlayer of polyvinyl butyral are used for the production of laminated safety glass, because this is the only material, which is approved by the building authorities. Various other polymeric materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomers and thermoplastic polyurethanes can also be used as interlayers. Based on their properties, these materials are suitable for special applications. Subject of this thesis is the study of various polymeric interlayer materials in reference to their suitability for the production of laminated glass and laminated safety glass, especially in comparison to the polyvinyl butyral interlayer. Especially the ageing behaviour of the interlayer is investigated to estimate their suitability over the lifetime of several decades, which is expected for building structures. To evaluate the ageing behaviour, the material properties of the different polymeric interlayer materials are first determined on the pure, unaged material or unaged laminates. Different ageing scenarios are carried out to assess the longterm stability, such as a temperature storage test, a climatic stress test as well as test under aggressive media and high irradiation. These ageing tests with small-scale test specimens will affect both the appearance of the laminated glass, as well as the material properties. In addition to the formation of bubbles, delamination or haze, these tests lead to changes in stiffness and degradation behaviour of the polymeric interlayer materials by chemical reactions or physical rearrangements. Based on the results of the ageing tests in this thesis, the investigated ionomer (DuPont SentryGlas) and a thermoplastic polyurethane (Huntsman Krystalflex PE399) are best suited for a long-term use as interlayer material for laminated glass or laminated safety glass. By changing the structural design or limiting the range of applications, the other investigated materials can also show their advantages for different applications.

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