Nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are known as “root-knot” nematodes due to the characteristic knots or galls found on the roots of infected plants. Root-knot nematodes attack over 2000 species of plants and cause over 80 billion dollars lost annually. Giant cells are feeding sites of root-knot nematodes and are enlarged multinuclear cells induced by the nematodes in susceptible host roots and that function to provide nutrients to the nematode. This thesis presents data on two techniques of studying the nuclear condition in giant cells. Colchicine was used to arrest mitosis in giant cells in a previous study. Here we test the effect of colchicine on nematode activity. The results showed that colchicine did not affect nematode egg hatch, juvenile activity, or hatch of eggs produced by treated juveniles. These results confirm that colchicine can be used to arrest mitosis in giant cells without affecting the nematode parasite. A major obstacle to the study of giant cells is collecting tissue samples that are specific to giant cells. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a technique that allows one to sample a single giant cell. A focused laser beam was used to collect samples of giant cell cytoplasm from fixed and sectioned tissues. RNA was then extracted from those isolated samples. Using three tomato genes as test samples, specific primers were designed to measure expression level of Rb7, LHA4, and HXK1 gene by Real-Time PCR. Expression of LHA4 and Rb7 increased with time after inoculation, and immature giant cells reached levels that were 3 and 6 times, respectively, that of cortical cells, but which were not different from root meristem cells. Expression of HXK1 did not change with time after inoculation and has the same level of that in root tip and cortical tissues. These data confirmed that the techniques of LCM coupled with RT-real-time PCR can be used to quantitate expression of genes at different stages of giant cell development without contamination from surrounding cells.

The subject of this paper is to the research and develop Liquid Crystal Display Module(LCM) test system for LCM factories.We prpose an FPGA,built in an NiosII soft CPU,as the control core with peripheral circuits to form a flexible SOPC¡]System on Programmable Chip¡^. Using this digital circuit being synthetic with the hardware description language, one can further integrate analog and digital peripheral devices by software control to establish a universal of medium and small LCM tester, and can conduct display function verification on such system. This system has been proved effectively to perform functional test for multi type LCM, and meanwhile it further demonstrates the advantage in its flexibility for configuration change due to its SOPC design.

La France, à l'instar de nombreux pays européens, connaît un recul assez net de sa population paysanne et par la même occasion de son potentiel agricole. Cette baisse sensible, enregistrée sur les trente dernières années est la conséquence directe de l'exode massif des populations vers les grandes agglomérations. Cette mutation s'est accompagnée de la fermeture progressive des paysages, marqués le plus souvent par une colonisation rapide par des espèces forestières. Ces évolutions sont également dues au changement climatique qui favorise certaines espèces par rapport à d'autres. Du point de vue de la gestion du bassin versant, il est très important de savoir comment ces changements pourraient affecter les ressources en eau. La mise en œuvre de la directive-cadre sur l'eau du 24 octobre 2012, définit des structures de gestion de l'eau sur des unités hydrologiques (bassin versant, nappe d'eau souterraine) pour un bon état des eaux en 2015, et le respect des objectifs pour 2027 dans le cadre d'une nouvelle directive-cadre sur l'eau (DCE). Cette mise en œuvre nécessite de prendre en compte la diversité spatiale et thématique des données sur l'unité hydrologique considérée. La télédétection et les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG) sont des outils utiles permettant de représenter cette diversité. Ils servent à la fois à l'organisation, à l'actualisation et à l'analyse des données spatiales. Ils sont utiles également pour le paramétrage de modèles hydrogéochimiques afin de modéliser la variabilité spatio-temporelle des ressources en eau. L'intérêt de la télédétection et des SIG couplés au modèle hydrogéochimique WARMF, est mis en évidence dans l'étude du cas d'un grand bassin versant du Massif Jura : l'Ain (4780 km²). Une telle étude répond aux problèmes qui se posent lors d'une DCE : estimation des quantités des eaux sur des secteurs non-mesurés, prévision des quantités en fonction de scénarii de l'occupation des sols et de scénarii météorologiques, vulnérabilité des ressources en eau superficielles, effet de la matière organique sur la qualité des eaux. Cette étude fournit une base scientifique pour la formulation de stratégies pour la gestion de la ressource en eau. Le couplage de la télédétection et des SIG au modèle hydrogéochimique est une nouvelle approche offrant de grands avantages en matière de disponibilité des données, de construction des scénarii, et d'interprétation des résultats. Cette approche sera un outil efficace d'aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau des lacs et plus largement du bassin versant (oxygène, pH, etc.). / France, as well as other European countries, experiences a sharp decline in rural population and at the same time its agricultural potential. This significant decline recorded over the past thirty years is the direct result of the mass exodus of the population to big cities. This change was accompanied by the gradual closure of landscapes usually marked by a rapid colonization of forest species. These changes also felt under the direct impact of climate change, which favors certain species than others. From the point of view of watershed management, it is very important to know how these changes might affect water resources. The implementation of the framework directive on water, 24 October 2012, defines the structures of water management on hydrological units (watershed, groundwater, etc.) for a good water status by 2015 and compliance goals for 2027 under a new water framework directive (WFD). This implementation requires taking into account the spatial and thematic diversity data on hydrologic unit considered. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are useful tools to represent this diversity. They serve both the organization, updating and analysis of spatial data. They are also useful for setting the hydrogeochemical models in order to simulate the spatio-temporal variability of water resources. The value of RS and GIS coupled in the hydrogeochemical model WARMF is highlighted in the case study of a large watershed of the Massif Jura: Ain watershed (4780 km ²). This study addresses the problems that arise when a WFD: estimating quantities of water on non-measured sectors, forecasting quantities according to land-use and climate scenarios, vulnerability of water resources, the effect of organic matter on water quality. This study provides a scientific basis for the formulation of strategies for the management of water resources. The coupling of remote sensing and GIS in the hydrogeochemical models is a new approach offering great benefits in terms of data availability, the construction of scenarios, and interpretation of results. This approach will be an effective tool for decision support for integrated management of water resources of lakes and wider catchment (oxygen, pH, etc.).

Keloid disease (KD) is a cutaneous fibroproliferative tumour characterised by heterogeneity, locally aggressive invasion and therapeutic resistance. Clinical, histological and molecular differences between the keloid scar centre and margin as well as recent evidence of the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMI) in KD pathobiology contribute to the complexity and diversity of KD, which coupled with the lack of a validated animal model have hindered research and effective management. Despite significant progress in the field of KD research, reliance on conventional monolayer cell culture and whole tissue analysis methods have failed to fully reflect the natural architecture, pathology and complexity of KD in vivo. In order to address these challenges, a site-specific in situ approach was therefore employed here for the first time in KD research. The first aim of this work was to compare the value of this contemporary approach with traditional methods of tissue dissection. The second aim was to compare the genomic expression between well-defined, distinct keloid sites and normal skin (NS). The third aim was to develop and explore hypotheses arising from this site-specific gene expression profiling approach, so as to enhance understanding of KD pathobiology as a basis for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in future KD management. The fourth aim was to probe these hypotheses with relevant functional in vitro studies. The current site-specific in situ approach was achieved through a combination of laser capture microdissection and whole genome microarray, allowing separation of epidermis from dermis for keloid centre, margin and extralesional sites compared with NS. This in situ approach yielded selective, accurate and sensitive data, exposing genes that were overlooked with alternative methods of dissection. Identification of significant upregulation of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1B10 in all three sites of the keloid epidermis (KE) in situ, implicated dysregulation of the retinoic acid (RA) pathway in KD pathogenesis. This hypothesis was supported by showing that induced AKR1B10 overexpression in NS keratinocytes reproduced the keloid RA pathway expression pattern. Moreover, co-transfection with a luciferase reporter plasmid revealed reduced RA response element activity. Paracrine signals released by AKR1B10-overexpressing keratinocytes into conditioned medium resulted in TGFβ1 and collagen upregulation in keloid fibroblasts, suggesting the disturbed RA metabolism exerts a pro-fibrotic effect through pathological EMI, thus further supporting the hypothesis of RA deficiency in KE. Gene expression profiling further revealed an upregulation of NRG1 and ErbB2 in keloid margin dermis. Exogenous NRG1 led to enhanced keloid fibroblast migration with increased Src and PTK2 expression, which were attenuated with ErbB2 siRNA studies. Together with the observed failure to recover this expression with NRG1 treatment, suggested the novel KD pathobiology hypothesis that NRG1/ErbB2/Src/PTK2 signaling plays a role in migration at the keloid margin. In addition to these hypotheses, LCM methodology with comprehensive analysis of the data permitted the development of additional novel working hypotheses that will inform future KD research, including inflammatory gene dysregulation and cancer-like stem cells that may contribute to the therapeutic resistance characteristic of KD.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of the cognitive and emotional brain circuitry that mediates social interaction. Imbalances between inhibitory, GABAergic neurons, and excitatory, glutamatergic neurons, in this region are essential to brain circuity during social responses and are thought to be involved with behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Enriched cell populations of glutamatergic neurons, obtained through laser capture microdissection, were used for gene expression studies of GABAergic receptors (GABRA1, GABRA4, and GABBR1). Additionally, proteins that impact GABAergic synapses (Spinophilin, CPLX1, mTOR, IGF1R, PSD95, PARP1) were investigated using Western Blotting with punchdissected homogenate brain tissue from ACC and frontal cortical brain regions. No significant differences in gene expression nor protein were identified between ASD and control brain donors. Evidence of GABAergic synaptic pathology was not found; however, future studies of alternative GABAergic markers and increased study numbers are needed to confirm these findings in ASD human tissue.

<p>It generally takes 10 to 12 years for a new drug to hit the market. The pharmaceutical industry invests huge sums in these early stages of research and development. In spite of the rapidly rising research and development expenditures fewer and fewer blockbuster drugs are being developed. Longer lead times and aggressive generic post-patent competition have narrowed the timeframe for the pharmaceutical companies to profit on their investments.</p><p>In the face of these threats the pharmaceutical industry has developed a battery of strategies to prolong market exclusivity and to maximize return on investment. These emerging strategies are commonly known as Life cycle management (LCM), which actually is more of a concept than a method. A life cycle is a sequence that stretches all the way from early research and development, through marketing to finally end when the product is withdrawn from the market. By managing the product through these different stages the company can improve the commercial lifespan.</p><p>This thesis analyzes how Life cycle management is implemented in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry. The data is based on interviews from people who are active in the pharmaceutical business. Further, the thesis studies the strategies that AstraZeneca used for their gastrointestinal drugs Losec and Nexium.</p><p>Based on the collected data from the interviews a clear view of the role and involvement of LCM strategies appears. The value and importance of LCM have steadily increased during the last 10 years. LCM is heavily embedded in the decision processes of drugs today. Several strategies such as OTC switching and patent prolongation through pediatric indication application are common practice. The Swedish pharmaceutical industry has a prominent position in the advancement of LCM.</p> / <p>Idag lanseras mindre innovativa nya läkemedel än under 80- och 90-talet. Kostnaderna för att utveckla ett läkemedel har ökat och det tar dessutom längre tid från upptäckt till lansering. Läkemedel har endast en begränsad marknadsexklusivitet som styrs av patentskyddet. Vid patentutgång så utsätts läkemedlet för stenhård konkurrens från aggressiva generika tillverkare. De ställs hårdare krav på forskande farmaceutiska företag för att vara lönsamma i detta klimat.</p><p>Det finns en tydlig trend att läkemedelsföretag har blivit mer beroende av sina storsäljande läkemedel. Ett flertal offensiva strategier har utvecklats för att förlänga lönsamheten hos de mest framgångsrika läkemedlen, t.ex. genom att minska utvecklingstiden, utveckla nya formuleringar och expandera indikationerna. ”Life cycle management” (LCM) är ett samlingsbegrepp på dessa strategier, som används under en produkts livscykel för att förbättra den kommersiella livslängden. Försäljning och marknadsföring för innovativa läkemedel passerar distinkta faser och olika strategier krävs beroende på vilka fas en produkt befinner sig i.</p><p>I denna uppsats analyserar jag hur LCM är implementerat i den svenska läkemedelssektorn. Slutsatserna bygger på data från intervjuer av personer som är sysselsatta inom läkemedelsbranschen. Uppsatsen studerar dessutom de strategier som AstraZeneca har använt för sina två magtarmläkemedel Losec och Nexium.</p><p>Baserat på insamlad intervjudata så framkommer tydligt att LCM är starkt involverat i beslutsprocesserna runt ett läkemedel. Betydelsen av LCM har successivt ökat under de senaste 10 åren. Flera strategier för t.ex. patentförlängning är idag vanligt förekommande. Den svenska läkemedelsbranschen ligger relativt långt fram i denna utveckling.</p>

It generally takes 10 to 12 years for a new drug to hit the market. The pharmaceutical industry invests huge sums in these early stages of research and development. In spite of the rapidly rising research and development expenditures fewer and fewer blockbuster drugs are being developed. Longer lead times and aggressive generic post-patent competition have narrowed the timeframe for the pharmaceutical companies to profit on their investments. In the face of these threats the pharmaceutical industry has developed a battery of strategies to prolong market exclusivity and to maximize return on investment. These emerging strategies are commonly known as Life cycle management (LCM), which actually is more of a concept than a method. A life cycle is a sequence that stretches all the way from early research and development, through marketing to finally end when the product is withdrawn from the market. By managing the product through these different stages the company can improve the commercial lifespan. This thesis analyzes how Life cycle management is implemented in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry. The data is based on interviews from people who are active in the pharmaceutical business. Further, the thesis studies the strategies that AstraZeneca used for their gastrointestinal drugs Losec and Nexium. Based on the collected data from the interviews a clear view of the role and involvement of LCM strategies appears. The value and importance of LCM have steadily increased during the last 10 years. LCM is heavily embedded in the decision processes of drugs today. Several strategies such as OTC switching and patent prolongation through pediatric indication application are common practice. The Swedish pharmaceutical industry has a prominent position in the advancement of LCM. / Idag lanseras mindre innovativa nya läkemedel än under 80- och 90-talet. Kostnaderna för att utveckla ett läkemedel har ökat och det tar dessutom längre tid från upptäckt till lansering. Läkemedel har endast en begränsad marknadsexklusivitet som styrs av patentskyddet. Vid patentutgång så utsätts läkemedlet för stenhård konkurrens från aggressiva generika tillverkare. De ställs hårdare krav på forskande farmaceutiska företag för att vara lönsamma i detta klimat. Det finns en tydlig trend att läkemedelsföretag har blivit mer beroende av sina storsäljande läkemedel. Ett flertal offensiva strategier har utvecklats för att förlänga lönsamheten hos de mest framgångsrika läkemedlen, t.ex. genom att minska utvecklingstiden, utveckla nya formuleringar och expandera indikationerna. ”Life cycle management” (LCM) är ett samlingsbegrepp på dessa strategier, som används under en produkts livscykel för att förbättra den kommersiella livslängden. Försäljning och marknadsföring för innovativa läkemedel passerar distinkta faser och olika strategier krävs beroende på vilka fas en produkt befinner sig i. I denna uppsats analyserar jag hur LCM är implementerat i den svenska läkemedelssektorn. Slutsatserna bygger på data från intervjuer av personer som är sysselsatta inom läkemedelsbranschen. Uppsatsen studerar dessutom de strategier som AstraZeneca har använt för sina två magtarmläkemedel Losec och Nexium. Baserat på insamlad intervjudata så framkommer tydligt att LCM är starkt involverat i beslutsprocesserna runt ett läkemedel. Betydelsen av LCM har successivt ökat under de senaste 10 åren. Flera strategier för t.ex. patentförlängning är idag vanligt förekommande. Den svenska läkemedelsbranschen ligger relativt långt fram i denna utveckling.

Recent developments in powder metal oxide processing have enabled co-extrusion of a honeycomb structure with alternating layers of metal and ceramic. Such a structure is envisioned for use as a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) if defects can be minimized during the manufacturing process. The two dissimilar materials tend to shrink at different rates during hydrogen reduction and sintering, inducing internal stresses that lead to structural defects such as cracks, or high residual stresses. The objective of this thesis is to characterize the shrinkage and relaxation mechanisms inherent in both the metal and ceramic so that internal stresses developed during manufacturing can be estimated and ultimately minimized. Constitutive models are adapted from the literature to simulate the sintering and viscoelastic behaviors of the ceramic. Likewise, existing models in the literature are used to characterize the viscoplastic relaxation of the porous powder metal phase and its sintering behavior. Empirical models are developed for the reduction behavior of the metal oxides, based on a series of experiments conducted that measure water vapor (hygrometry) and dimensional change (dilatometry) during reduction and sintering. Similarly, the necessary parameters for the sintering model and viscoplastic model were determined through a series of experiments. The constructed system of constitutive equations appears to have the essential elements for modeling dimensional change, porosity/strength and development of internal (residual) stresses in co-extruded SOFC structures.

El linfoma de células del manto (LCM) es una entidad heterogénea tanto en sus aspectos biológicos como en su comportamiento clínico. La existencia de pacientes con mala respuesta al tratamiento sugiere que, de manera análoga a otros síndromes linfoproliferativos crónicos, existen alteraciones en los mecanismos de citotoxicidad inducida por fármacos. La heterogeneidad clínica del LCM queda reflejada, entre otros, por la variabilidad en la presentación de expresión hemoperiférica e infiltración del sistema nervioso central (SNC), dos complicaciones controvertidas y no suficientemente estudiadas. La hipótesis planteada en la presente tesis fue que la heterogeneidad observada en el LCM podría ser debida a la existencia de alteraciones en los mecanismos de apoptosis en un subgrupo de pacientes y se relacionaría con el pronóstico de éstos. Por otro lado, el análisis exhaustivo de los pacientes con expresión hemoperiférica o infiltración del SNC permitiría establecer cuáles son las características clínicas y biológicas que determinan la aparición de estas complicaciones en determinados enfermos. Para confirmar esta hipótesis nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos: 1) estudiar las bases moleculares de la regulación de la apoptosis en el LCM, tanto en líneas celulares como en células primarias de pacientes afectos; 2) analizar la incidencia y el impacto pronóstico de la expresión hemoperiférica en los enfermos con LCM mediante citología y citometría de flujo y 3) estudiar la incidencia y los factores determinantes de la infiltración del SNC en pacientes afectos de esta hemopatía.Para el estudio de las bases moleculares de la apoptosis en el LCM se analizaron cuatro líneas celulares portadoras de la t(11;14)(q13;q32), característica de esta entidad, y células primarias de 10 pacientes con LCM. El análisis de la viabilidad celular mediante marcaje con anexina V y yoduro de propidio, la detección de la pérdida de potencial de membrana y la producción de ROS, la determinación de caspasa 3 activa y de los cambios de conformación de BAX y BAK se llevaron a cabo mediante citometría de flujo (CMF). El análisis de diversas proteínas de la familia de BCL-2 se realizó mediante "Western blot". El estudio del ciclo celular se efectuó asimismo mediante CMF. El análisis de las alteraciones cromosómicas existentes en los LCM leucemizados se realizó mediante hibridación genómica comparada (CGH). Las diferencias entre subgrupos de pacientes se analizaron mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher y la t de Student. El análisis de supervivencia se llevó a cabo mediante el método de Kaplan y Meier y las diferencias observadas en términos de supervivencia se analizaron con el "log-rank test". El análisis de variables dependientes del tiempo se efectuó mediante el método de Mantel y Byar. Los resultados obtenidos en el primer trabajo demuestran que la citotoxicidad inducida por mitoxantrona en las células del LCM fue debida a la activación de la vía mitocondrial de apoptosis, y tiene lugar, probablemente, de manera dependiente de la integridad de los sensores de daño al ADN. Los resultados del segundo trabajo permiten concluir que la expresión hemoperiférica detectada mediante CMF se observa en la mayoría de los pacientes con LCM, incluso en aquellos con recuentos linfocitarios normales. Aunque la leucemización morfológica no se asoció en nuestro estudio con ninguna alteración citogenética específica detectable mediante CGH, los casos con linfocitosis >/5 x 10(9)/L presentaron anomalías citogenéticas diferenciales y un peor pronóstico. Los resultados del tercer trabajo demuestran que la infiltración del SNC se presenta fundamentalmente en pacientes con LCM blastoide, índice proliferativo elevado, niveles de LDH sérica elevados e IPI de riesgo intermedio/alto o alto, en general en el contexto de recidivas o progresiones sistémicas. / "BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA"TEXT:Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the presence of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), an aggressive clinical course and poor response to chemotherapy. Few data concerning drug-induced apoptosis in MCL have been reported. The aim of the first study that constitutes the present thesis was to analyze the mechanisms of drug-induced apoptosis in MCL. Four cell lines carrying the t(11;14) and primary cells of 10 patients with MCL were incubated in vitro with several drugs currently used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and drug-induced cell death was characterized. Our results support that MCL cells have functional apoptotic machinery but require the integrity of functional DNA-damage response genes for its activation. From a clinical standpoint, extranodal involvement is a well-known feature in patients with MCL. Relatively few studies to date have focused on the peripheral blood (PB) involvement and the incidence of leukemic expression in MCL varies highly in different studies. The objective of our second study was to analyze the incidence, and the biological and clinical significance of leukemic involvement in patients with MCL. We investigated the incidence of PB involvement by both morphologic and flow cytometry (FC) analyses. Clinical features, genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and patient outcome were also determined. Leukemic expression at diagnosis detected by FC was a highly common feature, even in patients with a normal lymphocyte count. Although morphologically apparent leukemic expression was not associated with specific chromosomal alterations detected by CGH, a lymphocyte count >/ 5 x 10(9)/L was correlated with particular genetic abnormalities and a poor outcome.The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with MCL is also highly variable in different studies, and predicting factors and outcome of CNS infiltration in these patients have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence and factors for CNS involvement in MCL. In addition, we analyzed the clinical features, therapy and outcome of patients with MCL once CNS infiltration was detected. Our results suggest that, in most cases, CNS involvement occur late in the course of the disease, as part of a generalized relapse or progression. Blastoid histology, high proliferative index, high serum LDH and high-risk IPI are the variables associated with a higher risk to develop this complication.

Submitted by João Arthur Martins (joao.arthur@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-08T18:30:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese final.pdf: 3978208 bytes, checksum: cc7d7e00595a7450b2c9fbbe3928f985 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T18:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese final.pdf: 3978208 bytes, checksum: cc7d7e00595a7450b2c9fbbe3928f985 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-14 / CAPES / Esta tese trata do estudo de prováveis estereótipos quanto a pessoas deprimidas na produção linguística de três categorias: profissionais da área de Saúde, professores de Línguas e outros profissionais. Para tanto, fez-se uma revisão do que seriam linguagem e estereótipos – e sua neurobiologia –, a fim de se estabelecer sua interface. Foi feita uma revisita aos conceitos de crença, categorização social e Modelo de Categoria Linguística, entre outros, e seus pressupostos teóricos. Também foram abordados alguns indícios do que seriam afetividade e depressão, e seus impactos no cotidiano do indivíduo. Discutiu-se a existência inequívoca de estereótipos em produções linguísticas e o que eles revelam, bem como suas possíveis influências no sujeito – produtor e alvo do discurso – exposto a tais estereótipos, em especial naqueles que sofrem de depressão. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com profissionais da área de Saúde (em geral e Mental), professores de Línguas (Português e Inglês) e profissionais de outras áreas (de níveis médio e superior) com o intuito de verificar a possível diferença na ocorrência de vieses linguísticos referentes aos deprimidos e aos não deprimidos (LEB), o que efetivamente se comprovou na codificação linguística mais positiva dos profissionais de Saúde quanto aos deprimidos, apontando ainda para um olhar mais humano desse profissional, indiferente ao fato de se ser ou não deprimido (LEB), ou de se pertencer ou não à sua categoria profissional (LIB). O viés linguístico intergrupal (LIB) nas três categorias investigadas se evidenciou na forma como cada categoria codificou a si própria mais favoravelmente, de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para dirigir um olhar mais atento sobre comportamentos linguísticos baseados em estereótipos e suas possíveis implicações.