Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from damage to brain areas that control language expression and reception. Clinically, the narrative production of Persons with Aphasia (PWA) provides valuable information for diagnosis of aphasia. There are several types of assessment procedures for analysis of aphasic's narrative production. One of them is to use quantification systems, such as the Cantonese Linguistic Communication Measure (CLCM; Kong & Law, 2004) or the Main Concept Analysis (MCA; Kong, 2009), for objective quantification of aphasic's discourse. The purposes of this study are (1) to translate the MCA and CLCM to a Taiwanese Mandarin Main Concept Analysis (TM-MCA) and a Taiwanese Mandarin Linguistic Communication Measure (TM-LCM), respectively, and (2) to validate them based on normal speakers and PWA in Taiwan. In the pilot study, a total of sixteen participants, eight certified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and eight normal speakers, were invited to establish the Taiwanese Mandarin main concepts related to the four sets of sequencial pictures created by Kong in 2009. The language samples from eight normal speakers were then used to determine the informative words (i-words) in the picture sets. In the main study, thirty-six normal speakers and ten PWA were recruited to perform the same picture description tasks. The elicited language samples were analyzed using both the TM-MCA and TM-LCM. The results suggested that both age and education affected the oral discourse performance. Significant differences on the measures in TM-MCA and indices in TM-LCM were noted between the normal and aphasic groups. It was also found that overall aphasia severity affected the picture description performances of PWA. Finally, significant correlations between some of the TM-MCA measures and TM-LCM indices were noted. In conclusion, both the TM-MCA and TM-LCM are culturally appropriate to the Taiwanese Mandarin population. They can be used to supplement standardized aphasia tests to help clinicians make more informative decisions not only on diagnosis but also on a treatment plan of aphasia.

L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à l'amélioration des mécanismes d'imprégnation d'un renfort fibreux par une résine polymère dans les procédés de mise en œuvre de matériaux composites de type LCM (Liquid Composite Molding). Les études théoriques et expérimentales réalisées se sont focalisées sur les anomalies d'imprégnation pouvant apparaître lors des écoulements. Les défauts couramment observés sont des vides pouvant s'assimiler à des bulles et provenant, en partie, d'une compétition entre les régimes gouvernant les écoulements intra-mèche et inter-mèches. L'analyse de la formation et du transport des bulles au sein d'une structure fibreuse demeure délicate à réaliser du fait de l'architecture complexe de la préforme. Afin de s'exonérer des difficultés rencontrées lors de la visualisation au sein du renfort et pour répondre à cette problématique de vide créé, nous avons fait le choix d'étudier les mécanismes d'imprégnation ainsi que la formation et le transport de bulles dans des réseaux modèles. Une analyse multi-échelles a été adoptée pour nos expérimentations faisant appel à une approche micro et millifluidique où les forces de mouillabilité sont prépondérantes. Les résultats obtenus montrent, dans un premier temps, l'influence de ces forces dans les mécanismes de génération et de transport de bulles et permet de justifier certaines observations proposées dans ce sujet. Un modèle simple basé sur des configurations d'inter-connectivités micropore/macropore a été proposé. Ce modèle permet d'envisager différentes analyses paramétriques selon des configurations géométriques et des régimes d'écoulement variés. Sur cette base, il est possible de prendre en compte différents facteurs et de les comparer à certaines contributions de la littérature dans le domaine de l'imprégnation des milieux fibreux et de la mise en œuvre des composites.

As the green movement begins to sweep through the construction industry, decision-makers are beginning to include a sustainable aspect to their purchase decisions. Selecting a product solely based on its sustainability, however, is not enough to drive product selection in the construction industry. Cost still dominates the selection of building products. The level of sustainability of a product and its cost are not interconnected as market prices do not reflect the cost of environmental impacts, such as the cost of global warming or fossil fuel depletion. Having two distinct aspects to consider adds complexity in the product selection process. Typically, it constrains decision-makers to perform a trade-off analysis that does not necessarily guarantee the most environmentally preferable purchase decision. This study proposes a life-cycle management (LCM) system that reinforces the choices made by decision-makers by providing a scientific justification for those decisions. The proposed system analyses the environmental and economic performance of building product through life-cycle analysis and purchase price analysis. It operates on tools publicly available in the market and state-of-the-art analysis, assessment, and interpretation methods. The LCM system combines two distinct product attributes into a single performance score that can be easily interpreted. It allows decision-makers to compare product scores and ultimately make the most environmentally responsible and financially viable selection. A comprehensive approach is used to refine and test the LCM system using case studies comprised of an environmental and economic performance evaluation of flooring products. The contribution of this research includes the consideration of a holistic approach to product selection based on environmental and cost performance. Pre-construction estimators and construction managers could improve their estimating and product selection practices using the proposed system. Material suppliers can also benefit from this approach, as they can use it to enhance their pricing strategies, marketing plans, and overall product competitiveness.

The United States Navy's involvement in the Vietnam War, especially its role in the region's inland waterways, has long been an overshadowed aspect of the conflict. Most histories ignore or minimize the Navy's contribution, especially its river patrol or 'brown water' role. Through archival and library research as well as interviews with U.S Navy Vietnam War veterans this thesis demonstrates the vital role played by the brown water navy in the northern provinces of South Vietnam. A key but understudied component of this effort was Task Force Clearwater, an improvised brown water fleet that-along with the maritime logistics campaign that it supported-would prove essential for the successful defense of South Vietnam's northernmost provinces and demonstrate the vital importance of inland naval power. Task Force Clearwater and its supported maritime logistics effort form a little explored component of the U.S. Navy's role in South Vietnam. A brown water task force that proved essential for the successful defense of the northern provinces of I Corps, Clearwater repeatedly demonstrated the vital importance of inland naval power and the critical need for reliable and protected routes of supply. The task force revealed many lessons that had been long understood, forgotten, and then relearned by the U.S. Navy, among them that control of inland waterways was perhaps the most advantageous form of logistical supply in war. Created in part to satisfy the ancient maxim of "keeping the supply lines open", the task force's role broadened with time. In the course of its existence the men and boats of Clearwater would provide not only the tools of war in I Corps but also provide key lessons for the future.

ALes travaux présentés sont une contribution à l’élaboration de composites à matrices thermoplastiques (TP) par un procédé de type Liquid Composite Molding non réactif pour l’industrie automobile. La thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre du projet ANR TAPAS (ThermoplAstic Process for Automotive composite Structure) et s’est focalisée sur la mise en œuvre de plaques composites en renfort continu injectées avec des matrices polyamides 6,6 (PA 6,6) de hautes fluidités par Resin Transfer Molding. Le premier objectif est porté sur l’optimisation des cadences d’injection à travers l’étude de la perméabilité de préformes unidirectionnelles (UD) en fibres de verre et à hauts modules mécaniques. L’architecture de ces UD a ainsi été modifiée de manière à faciliter les écoulements. La perméabilité des différents tissus a pu être évaluée par un couplage entre des mesures expérimentales et une modélisation analytique basée sur un raisonnement à deux échelles de pores : l’écoulement intra et inter-torons. Le deuxième objectif sur lequel les travaux de thèse se sont concentrés s’est reposé sur la maitrise de l’état d’imprégnation par le bais d’une étude complète sur les phénomènes qui se déroulent à l’interface entre la fibre et la matrice à haute température. Plusieurs viscosités et formulations du PA 6,6 ainsi qu’un traitement appliqué sur le verre ont pu être caractérisés et discutés en termes de mouillabilité et d’adhésion. Enfin, la dernière partie du manuscrit présente les résultats obtenus sur les plaques mises en œuvre par RTM-TP en injection in-plane. Les conditions optimales de fonctionnement ainsi que les aspects de saturation, de santé matière et des propriétés mécaniques sont ensuite présentés et discutés. / The present work is a contribution to the thermoplastic composites manufacturing by a non-reactive Liquid Composite Molding process for the automotive industry. The thesis was carried out by the « ANR TAPAS » project (Thermoplastic Process for Automotive Composite Structure) and was focused on the elaboration of continious-fiber reinforced composites plates injected with a high-fluidity polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) by the Resin Transfer Molding process. The first goal was focused on increasing injection rates through the study of the in-plane permeability of unidirectional (UD) glass fiber fabrics with high mechanical modulus (HM). Experiments and modelling results showed that the permeability of these UD has been enhanced by modifying specific structural parameters of their architecture. The analytical model developped and used is based on a flow distribution according two differents scales of porosity : in and inter-yarns. The second part of the work was focused on the understanding of phenomenas that take place at the interface created between glass fiber and the matrix during the impregnation step. The wettability and adhesion of molten PA 6,6 dropped on a glass substrate is studied at different processing temperature. The last part introduce the thermoplastic composite plates elaborated by RTM-TP process. The optimum operating conditions as well as preforms saturation and mechanical properties are also studied and discussed.

[EN] Fibre reinforced polymer composites, represent a great technological advance and are present in many objects in our lives. Composites stand out for their excellent mechanical properties and low weight compared to other materials. Nevertheless, composites have generated serious environmental problems, due to their non-biodegradable nature and petroleum-based origin. In the context of sustainable development, an increasing environmental consciousness has encouraged the researchers to develop environmentally friendly polymers and composites. The purpose of this Ph.D. Thesis is to manufacture and characterise Green Composites, derived from renewable resources, a natural fibre woven fabric of flax and a bio-based epoxy resin, by means of Liquid Composite Moulding Processes (LCM Processes). The methodology used involves experimental techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Morphological Analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy-SEM), Mechanical Analysis, measurement of the permeability of the reinforcement, and water absorption process. Natural fabric and bioresin are characterised from the point of view of the composite manufacture, with the objective of assessing their characteristics for use as reinforcement and matrix. The impregnation and compaction behaviour of the reinforcement in the manufacturing stages has been evaluated with the experimental measurement of its permeability, and by means of compression tests. Bioresin cure kinetics model has been obtained and proposed from the results of thermal degradation process of the cure resin, through TGA analysis. Mechanical, thermal and water absorption behaviour of Green Composites have been characterised. Tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been assessed as a function of fibre volume fraction. Composites have been immersed in water to study their water absorption behaviour and its effect on mechanical properties, including morphological analysis. The thermal analysis (TGA) has shown that thermal stability of natural fabric and composite, is assured during the manufacture and the service life. The validation of the results of the reinforcement and matrix characterisation has been carried out using a commercial software of LCM processes simulation to composite manufacture. It can be concluded that the methodology proposed has permitted the suitable study and assessment of the materials and composite. It is possible that Liquid Composite Moulding Processes could be used to manufacture green composites successfully, with renewable flax fibre and bioepoxy matrix. Their good mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour, become green composites in a potential sustainable alternative to replace traditional synthetic composites, as glass fibre reinforced composites, to the use in certain engineering applications. / [ES] Los materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica reforzados con fibras "Composites", representan un gran avance tecnológico y están presentes en multitud de objetos en nuestra vida. Destacan por sus buenas propiedades mecánicas y su reducido peso, en comparación a otros materiales. Sin embargo, han generado graves problemas medioambientales, debido a su naturaleza no biodegradable y a su origen derivado del petróleo. En el contexto del desarrollo sostenible, el aumento de la conciencia medioambiental, ha animado a los investigadores a desarrollar polímeros y composites respetuosos con el medio ambiente. El propósito de la presente Tesis Doctoral es fabricar y caracterizar Green Composites, desarrollados a partir de recursos renovables, un tejido de fibra natural de lino y una bioresina epoxi, mediante procesos de transferencia de resina líquida-Procesos LCM. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología basada en técnicas experimentales de análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), análisis morfológico (microscopía electrónica de barrido-SEM), análisis mecánico, medida de la permeabilidad del refuerzo, y proceso de absorción de agua. El tejido natural y la bioresina se caracterizan desde el punto de vista de la fabricación del composite, con el objetivo de estudiar sus características para su uso como refuerzo y matriz. El comportamiento del refuerzo en las etapas de impregnación y compactación se ha evaluado con la medida experimental de su permeabilidad, y mediante ensayos de compresión. Se ha obtenido y propuesto modelo de la cinética de la reacción de curado de la bioresina, a partir de los resultados del proceso de descomposición térmica de la resina curada con análisis TGA. Los Green Composites se han caracterizado en base a su comportamiento mecánico, térmico y de absorción de agua. Se han estudiado sus propiedades mecánicas a tracción y flexión en función del contenido en fibra. Los composites han sido sometidos a un proceso de absorción por inmersión en agua, para estudiar su comportamiento y su efecto en las propiedades mecánicas, incluyendo el análisis morfológico. El análisis térmico (TGA) ha mostrado que la estabilidad térmica del tejido natural y del composite, está garantizada durante la fabricación y vida en servicio. Los resultados de la caracterización del refuerzo y matriz han sido validados en un software comercial de simulación de procesos LCM para la fabricación de composites. Se puede concluir que la metodología propuesta ha permitido la correcta caracterización de los materiales y del composite. Es posible fabricar con éxito mediante procesos de transferencia de resina líquida Green Composites, a partir de fibra de lino en matriz epoxi de origen renovable. Sus buenas propiedades mecánicas y su comportamiento ante la absorción de agua, los convierte en una potencial alternativa sostenible para reemplazar a tradicionales composites sintéticos, como los reforzados con fibra de vidrio, en ciertas aplicaciones de uso en ingeniería. / [CAT] Els materials compostos de matriu polimérica reforçats amb fibres "Composites", representen un gran avanç tecnològic i estan presents en multitud de objectes de la nostra vida. Destaquen per les seues bones propietats mecàniques i el seu reduït pes, en comparació a altres materials. No obstant això, han generat greus problemes mediambientals, per la seua naturalesa no biodegradable i al seu origen derivat del petroli. En el context del desenvolupament sostenible, el augment de la consciència mediambiental, ha animat els investigadors a desenvolupar polímers i composites respectuosos amb el medi ambient. El propòsit de la present Tesi Doctoral és fabricar i caracteritzar Green Composites, desenvolupats a partir de recursos renovables, un teixit de fibra natural de lli i una bioresina epoxi, mitjançant processos de transferència de resina líquida-Processos LCM. Per a això, s'ha utilitzat una metodología basada en tècniques experimentals d'anàlisi termogravimètric (TGA), anàlisi morfològic (microscòpia electrònica de rastreig - SEM), anàlisi mecànic, mesura de la permeabilitat del reforç, i procés d'absorció d'aigua. El teixit natural i la bioresina es caracteritzen des del punt de vista de la fabricació del composite, amb l'objectiu d'estudiar les seues característiques per al seu ús com a reforç i matriu. El comportament del reforç en les etapes d'impregnació i compactació s'ha avaluat amb la mesura experimental de la seua permeabilitat, i per mitjà d'assaigs de compressió. S'ha obtingut i proposat model de la cinètica de la reacció de curat de la bioresina, a partir dels resultats del procés de descomposició tèrmica de la resina curada amb anàlisi TGA. Los Green Composites s'han caracteritzat en base al seu comportament mecànic, tèrmic i d'absorció d'aigua. S'han estudiat les seues propietats mecàniques a tracció i flexió en funció del contingut en fibra. Els composites han sigut sotmesos a un procés d'absorció per immersió en aigua, per a estudiar el seu comportament i el seu efecte en les propietats mecàniques, incloent l'anàlisi morfològic. L'anàlisi tèrmic (TGA) ha mostrat que la estabilitat tèrmica del teixit natural i del composite, està garantida durant la seua fabricació i vida útil. Els resultats de la caracterització del reforç i matriu han sigut validats en un software comercial de simulació de processos LCM per a la fabricació de composites. Es pot concloure que la metodologia proposta ha permés la correcta caracterització dels materials i del composite. És possible fabricar amb èxit Green Composites, mitjançant processos de transferència de resina líquida, a partir de fibra de lli en matriu epoxi d'origen renovable. Les seues bones propietats mecàniques i el seu comportament davant l'absorció d'aigua, els convertixen en una potencial alternativa sostenible per a reemplaçar a tradicionals composites sintètics, com els reforçats amb fibra de vidre, en certes aplicacions d'ús en enginyeria. / Muñoz Dominguez, E. (2016). Fabricación y Caracterización de Green Composites con Bioresina y Tejido de Fibra Natural de Lino mediante Moldeo por Transferencia de Resina [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61299 / TESIS

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-10T13:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leticiavasconcellosdesouza.pdf: 334599 bytes, checksum: ecaf1358f31b66f2a2e8740f4db33535 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-15T13:12:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leticiavasconcellosdesouza.pdf: 334599 bytes, checksum: ecaf1358f31b66f2a2e8740f4db33535 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leticiavasconcellosdesouza.pdf: 334599 bytes, checksum: ecaf1358f31b66f2a2e8740f4db33535 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Este trabalho é voltado para professores que atuam nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. Tem como objetivo mostrar que é possível introduzir o estudo de Congruência Modular nesse segmento de ensino, buscando facilitar a resolução de diversas situações-problema. A motivação para escolha desse tema é que há a possibilidade de tornar mais simples a resolução de muitos exercícios trabalhados nessa etapa de ensino e que são inclusive cobrados em provas de admissão à escolas militares e em olimpíadas de Matemática para esse nível de escolaridade. Inicialmente é feita uma breve síntese do conjunto dos Números Inteiros, com suas operações básicas, relembrando também o conceito de números primos, onde é apresentado o crivo de Eratóstenes; o mmc (mínimo múltiplo comum) e o mdc (máximo divisor comum), juntamente com o Algoritmo de Euclides. Apresenta-se alguns exemplos de situações-problema e exercícios resolvidos envolvendo restos deixados por uma divisão para então, em seguida, ser dada a definição de congruência modular. Finalmente, são apresentadas sugestões de exercícios para serem trabalhados em sala de aula, com uma breve resolução. / The aims of this work is teachers working in the final grades of elementary school. It aspires to show that it is possible to introduce the study of Modular congruence this educational segment, seeking to facilitate the resolution of numerous problem situations. The motivation for choosing this theme is that there is the possibility to make it simpler to solve many problems worked at this stage of education and are even requested for admittance exams to military schools and mathematical Olympiads for that level of education. We begin with a brief summary about integer numbers, their basic operations, also recalling the concept of prime numbers, where the sieve of Eratosthenes is presented; the lcm (least common multiple) and the gcd (greatest common divisor), along with the Euclidean algorithm. We present some examples of problem situations and solved exercises involving debris left by a division and then, we give the definition of modular congruence . Finally , we present suggestions for exercises to be worked in the classroom, with a short resolution.

No description available.