The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that tourism can be the agent for the sustainable conservation and development of the valuable legacy of colonial built heritage by capitalizing on its tangible and intangible assets. The key variable is the recognition of the intrinsic value of both iconic and non-iconic properties and sites that constitute the extrinsic value of the cultural attractions of the tourism destination. The research problem is concerned with assessing the impact of contemporary tourism development on these attractions and identifying the issues affecting preservation and realization of asset potential. The research aims to support the collaboration between tourism professionals and cultural heritage stakeholders committed to resolving issues and problems for the destination identified within the stages of the tourism destination's life cycle of evolution (Butler, 1980).

<p>Upravne zgrade, pored religijskih, jesu najreprezentativniji javni<br />objekti podignuti u okviru planskog naselja. Tokom istorije se nužno<br />uspostavlja neraskidiva veza između izgrađene sredine i osobenosti<br />društva. Razvoj arhitektonskih oblika, njegov nastanak, geneza i smena<br />oblikovanja, zavise od socio-političkog, kulturološkog i istorijskog<br />rasta društva. U načinu na koji su oblikovane upravne zgrade, moguće<br />je, deduktivno, pratiti uspostavljanje, razvoj i izmenu upravnog<br />sistema nad određenim prostorom. Tako nastala arhitektonska forma<br />nemi je svedok minulih epoha.</p> / <p>Administration building, in addition to religious, are the most representative<br />public buildings which were built within a planned settlement. Throughout<br />history, necessarily establishes an unbreakable link between the built<br />environment and the characteristics of the society. Development of<br />architectural forms, the occurrence, the genesis and the change of design<br />depends on socio-political, cultural and historical growth of society. In<br />manner in which the administrative building are designed, it is possible,<br />deductively, monitor the establishment, development and amendment of the<br />administrative system over a specified area. The resulting architectural form<br />is silent witness of past eras.</p>

Esta tese de doutoramento tem como objetivo a discussão do uso do conceito de autenticidade na preservação do patrimônio edificado. Ao se observar o caráter eurocêntrico e o sentido tradicional, a ideia de autenticidade foi relativizada em razão de sua dimensão cultural, na atualidade. Um relativismo, no entanto, que poderia significar risco para a preservação da materialidade dos artefato s, tendo em vista o debate contemporâneo acerca do sentido imaterial da autenticidade. Ao supor que a autenticidade não pode ser reduzida ao substrato material do patrimônio, apesar de sua importância para a preservação de seus atributos, foram definidos dois estudos de caso, com vistas a elucidar a questão: os paradigmas de Ouro Preto e Brasília, ambos reconhecidos como patrimônio da humanidade. O primeiro, por enquadrar-se no sentido tradicional de autenticidade; o segundo, por envolver aspectos próprios da cultura material e imaterial. / This doctoral thesis affirms the necessity to discuss the usage of the existing concept of authenticity in the built heritage preservation. By considering its Eurocentric character and traditional meaning, the idea of being authentic is presently utmost important due to the cultural dimension of this concept and its relativism. A relativism that could be risky to the artifacts materiality preservation, since the immaterial value of authenticity is becoming part of the contemporary debate. Supposing the authenticity can\'t be reduced to the material substrate of cultural heritage, despite of its importance to preserve the artifact\'s attributes, two study cases were selected to discuss and further examine the posed question: the paradigms of Ouro Preto and Brasilia, both sites nominated as World Heritage. The first one because it refers to the traditional meaning of authenticity, and the second in view of the fact that it involves the material and immaterial dimensions of the concept.

The conservation of built heritage is increasingly recognised as promoting cultural sustainability and encouraging the inclusion of culture in the sustainable development of the built environment. Reflecting this recognition is the advocacy of a dynamic integrated conservation approach that considers built heritage within its historic, physical, social, and cultural contexts. Yet, the cultural context of built heritage remains one of the most challenging and neglected aspects in conservation practice. In the specific case of Sudan's historic port town of Suakin, a number of recurrent obstacles to the site's conservation, in addition to a number of potential enablers to address these challenges, have been recognised throughout previous research. However, previous investigations have lacked an essential local socio-cultural perspective. Furthermore, a lack of strategy or framework for Suakin's conservation has so far prevented the coordination of its stakeholders, and the consequential implementation of potential enablers to address its conservation challenges. This thesis is the conclusion of a four-year EngD research that has developed a protocol for the conservation of the built heritage of Suakin. It begins with an introduction to the context, justification and scope of the research, and the research aim and objectives. A review of previous literature is then presented concerning a number of issues related to the research subject and the methodology employed to meet the research aim and objectives. The research methods conducted, including literature review, a mixed-method case study, questionnaire surveys, and a series of participatory action research focus groups, are then explained and the results achieved are discussed. The research findings result in the development of a protocol for Suakin's conservation consisting of five themes emanating from the research stages. These are: ownership; finances and planning; stakeholder inclusion and collaboration; conservation knowledge and awareness; response to the local context. Each theme is comprised of a challenge, or number of challenges, and corresponding solution(s). Furthermore, the research findings define a protocol implementation strategy, consisting of Suakin's stakeholders' suggested implementation and responsibility of the protocol solutions. The collaborative stakeholder process established by the research, and the resulting protocol and its implementation strategy, are a new development in the approach towards Suakin's conservation. The potential long-term impact of the research on Suakin's conservation has so far been indicated by the adoption of the resulting protocol implementation strategy as a formal approach to Suakin's conservation by NCAM. The thesis concludes with a critical review of the research throughout the research stages and key recommendations for the research sponsor, for Suakin's stakeholders, for the built heritage conservation industry and for further research. The findings of this research were published in four peer-reviewed papers.

Little is known about the effectiveness of district plans in protecting built heritage, which is a matter of national importance under New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 (RMAct). This is despite the fact that the RMAct directs planning agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of plan provisions. This lack of evaluation is not unique to New Zealand or merely symptomatic of heritage planning. Instead, it is a shortcoming in planning theory and practice internationally; a well recognised impediment being that planning lacks a suitable evaluation approach. This thesis aims to address this deficiency by proposing a methodology for evaluating plan effectiveness and applying it to the built heritage provisions of two district plans. The methodology adopted has been shaped by the theory-based and realist evaluation approaches, as developed in the field of programme evaluation. Both approaches share a common ontology regarding claims of causality, which stresses 'knowledge in context'. Thus, a central endeavour of the research is not only to identify the environmental outcomes arising from plan implementation, but also to understand how and why the implementation context promoted or inhibited the achievement of plan goals. In so doing, the causal and implementation theories underpinning the plans' heritage provisions are exposed, modelled and tested. The findings reveal that plan implementation failed to prevent the loss of built heritage values in many instances. While the plans' causal theory was largely sound, key aspects of the implementation theory were not realised during the development control process. Plan quality was a significant factor, as was the commitment and capacity of developers to comply with the plans. The institutional fixation on consent processing speed rather than environmental outcomes was a further impediment. Overall, the theory-based approach provided a useful framework for determining plan effectiveness and holds promise for evaluating plan issues other than built heritage.

Esta tese de doutoramento tem como objetivo a discussão do uso do conceito de autenticidade na preservação do patrimônio edificado. Ao se observar o caráter eurocêntrico e o sentido tradicional, a ideia de autenticidade foi relativizada em razão de sua dimensão cultural, na atualidade. Um relativismo, no entanto, que poderia significar risco para a preservação da materialidade dos artefato s, tendo em vista o debate contemporâneo acerca do sentido imaterial da autenticidade. Ao supor que a autenticidade não pode ser reduzida ao substrato material do patrimônio, apesar de sua importância para a preservação de seus atributos, foram definidos dois estudos de caso, com vistas a elucidar a questão: os paradigmas de Ouro Preto e Brasília, ambos reconhecidos como patrimônio da humanidade. O primeiro, por enquadrar-se no sentido tradicional de autenticidade; o segundo, por envolver aspectos próprios da cultura material e imaterial. / This doctoral thesis affirms the necessity to discuss the usage of the existing concept of authenticity in the built heritage preservation. By considering its Eurocentric character and traditional meaning, the idea of being authentic is presently utmost important due to the cultural dimension of this concept and its relativism. A relativism that could be risky to the artifacts materiality preservation, since the immaterial value of authenticity is becoming part of the contemporary debate. Supposing the authenticity can\'t be reduced to the material substrate of cultural heritage, despite of its importance to preserve the artifact\'s attributes, two study cases were selected to discuss and further examine the posed question: the paradigms of Ouro Preto and Brasilia, both sites nominated as World Heritage. The first one because it refers to the traditional meaning of authenticity, and the second in view of the fact that it involves the material and immaterial dimensions of the concept.

Built heritage sites, which symbolise, represent and reveal valuable parts of any nation, require special attention including a visionary policy covering regulations, legislation and so on. Built heritage conservation policy worldwide has developed in the last four decades towards using heritage sites for tourism development. This thesis attempts to explain the evolution of built heritage conservation policy in Saudi Arabia, from the first conservation efforts in the 1970s to 2015, through the case study of Historic Jeddah. Jeddah is an ancient costal city on the Red Sea. Considered the main gateway to the holy cities of Makkah and Al-Medina since the 7th century, it has grown and developed with notable Islamic influence. The defensive wall which stood from 1509 to 1947 preserved the ancient city to the present day, where the remainder of the historic walled city is called Historic Jeddah. This is the only historic urban centre in Saudi Arabia that remains inhabited with its urban and architectural authenticity. The thesis argues that its survival has been assured by three successive built heritage conservation policies: Matthew’s Policy (1970-2006), the SCTA Policy (2006-10) and the UNESCO Policy (2010-20). The research traces these three built heritage conservation policies by investigating in depth three analytical dimensions: the policy contents, the actors involved and the actual impacts (interventions and interactions) on the built environment of Historic Jeddah. The research is based on the hypothesis that the focus of built heritage conservation policy in Saudi Arabia has shifted from preserving national identity and legacy (mainly represented by structures of state power) towards using built heritage sites for the purpose of developing international tourism, especially after the recent attempts to inscribe a number of national heritage sites on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. The evidence used to test this hypothesis comes from the examination of a range of documents, archives and conservations projects since the 1970s, as well as interviews conducted with various Saudi heritage stakeholders.

<p>Rad istražuje trgovačke objekte nastale u periodu prelaza iz 19. u 20.<br />vek u Kragujevcu kao prostore koji definišu vizuelni identitet grada<br />i sagledava njihov nastanak i razvoj. Navedeni objekti predstavljaju<br />najlepše trgovačke objekte nastale u okviru jezgra grada Kraguejvca.<br />Zbog pozicije koje zauzimaju kroz različite istorijske periode i<br />društvena uređenja oni prolaze kroz vizuelne i namenske<br />transformacije koje se udaljuju od njihovog primarnog vizuelnog<br />identiteta. Kako bi kriterijumi vezani za očuvanje objekata kao<br />značajnog kulturnog nasleđa i nosioca vizuelnog identiteta mesta<br />bili adekvatno sprovedeni potrebno je oformiti posebne pravilnike<br />odnosno dopune zakona koji će biti predmet proučavanja ovog rada.</p> / <p>The paper examines the trade buildings created during the transition from the<br />19th to the 20th century in Kragujevac as spaces that define the visual<br />identity of the city and research their emergence and development. These<br />facilities represent the most beautiful trade buildings created within the core<br />of the city of Kragujevac. Because of the positions they occupy through<br />different historical periods and social arrangements, they undergo visual and<br />purposeful transformations that move away from their primary visual identity.<br />In order for the criteria related to the preservation of objects as a significant<br />cultural heritage and the bearer of the visual identity of the city to be properly<br />implemented, it is necessary to establish special regulations or amendments<br />to the law that will be the subject of study of this paper.</p>

A wide variety of scholars acknowledge heritage planning as a widespread phenomenon. However, to what extent it is widespread is debatable. Also, if heritage planning is an acknowledged widespread phenomenon, what can be learned about it when looking at the rhetoric and the key concepts used in different contexts? This study aims at a cross-contextual investigation. The main aim is to interpret and to discuss rhetoric and underlying ideas used in heritage planning debates across contextual boundaries. The main aim is made workable through a number of methodological choices that curtail the scope of the study. The following main question is the result of these choices; what kinds of arguments, metaphors and figures of thought are similar (context-independent) versus different (context-dependent) in a selection of recent and on-going debates about heritage planning from Malmö and Rotterdam? As part of the methodology, figures of thought – that are expected to be relevant for understanding debates about heritage planning – are treated. This includes figures of thought such as the idea of an “original” and the idea of “progress”. Cases from the cities of Malmö and Rotterdam are chosen to study what similarities and differences come to the fore in heritage planning debates running parallel in time but being situated in different contexts (respectively a Swedish and a Dutch). The debates chosen are about the Kockums Crane and the area of Varvsstaden in Malmö and about the Porters Lodge and the area of RDM in Rotterdam. The analysis shows that the arguments and premises raised, the metaphors used and the underlying figures of thought are to a great extent similar between the cases from Malmö and the cases from Rotterdam. However, the use of arguments, metaphors and figures of thought differs professional groups in-between (“monument curators” versus “planners”) and between debates about single objects (the Kockums Crane and the Porters Lodge) and debates about the development of areas (Varvsstaden and the area of RDM). This study shows that arguments, metaphors and figures of thought effectively are exchanged across national boundaries through professions. More notable however, is that different “language-games” played or kinds of arguments used by monument curators and planners do not seem to conflict with each other at a discursive level. For example, the monument curator’s story-telling metaphors are smoothly turned into the planner’s commodification metaphors. However, at the level of figures of thought a potential conflict may arise between the preservationist idea of the moral duty of stewardship and the idea of commodification of built heritage propagated by an alliance between bureaucracy and economy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Modesto Nascimento.pdf: 5588108 bytes, checksum: 43091f400a55203d74c745398cb2be90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this research is to analyze the local perception of the built heritage, located in the urban space of Marilia, focusing on goods listed by CONDEPHAAT (Defense Council of Historical, Artistic, Archaeological and Tourism), and the political and cultural practices municipal power, the equity field and the press, and the documentation produced in this city as the main source of study. In this sense, the research object is confined to debates and conflicts around the preservation of cultural heritage in the city of Marilia. The central concern of the analysis is the following problem: the importance of studies on local conceptions about cultural heritage, analyzing the social and political actors involved in this field, focusing attention on disputes between the discourse of progress and preservation / O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar as concepções locais sobre o patrimônio edificado, localizado no espaço urbano de Marília, focando nos bens tombados pelo CONDEPHAAT (Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico), e, nas práticas políticas e culturais do poder público municipal, no campo patrimonial, e, da imprensa, tendo a documentação produzida nessa cidade como fonte principal de estudo. Nesse sentido, o objeto de pesquisa está circunscrito aos debates e conflitos em torno da preservação do patrimônio cultural na cidade de Marília. A preocupação central da análise reside na seguinte problemática: a importância dos estudos sobre as concepções locais acerca do patrimônio cultural, analisando os agentes sociais e políticos envolvidos nesse campo, centrando atenção nas disputas entre o discurso do progresso e da preservação