Thesis (Master's)--Karachi University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-115).

Thesis (Master's)--Karachi University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-115).

L’administration d’Ancien Régime disposait d’un ensemble d’organes qui contribuaient à son fonctionnement et qui continuent, aujourd’hui encore, à questionner tant dans le mode d’organisation de ces institutions que dans les pratiques des gens chargés de leur gestion. Le bureau des finances de la généralité de Metz et Alsace est l’un de ces organes : il méritait qu’une étude spécifique s’attache à en dévoiler le fonctionnement, la vie, et les vicissitudes qu’il a pu rencontrer, particulièrement au siècle des Lumières. C’est une structure fisco-financière dont la création remonte à l’édit de Poitiers de juillet 1577. Elle est revêtue d’une double compétence administrative et judicaire. C’est au mois de novembre 1661 que le bureau des finances a été établi en la ville de Metz. Louis XIV lui conféra les mêmes fonctions, pouvoirs, attributions, honneurs, prérogatives et privilèges que ceux qui sont attribués aux autres bureaux du royaume, sans rien excepter. Les riches archives départementales de la Moselle, à travers les fonds consacrés au bureau des finances, mettent en évidence, tout au long du XVIIIe siècle, un bureau des finances présent et actif, en dépit des difficultés qu’il est amené à rencontrer. Il doit en permanence se protéger des contestations émanant d’autres institutions, notamment de celles de l’ordre judiciaire. Déterminé à affirmer ses prérogatives, le bureau l’est aussi dans l’exercice de ses missions. Il va jouer un rôle important dans la mise en place du système fisco-financier dans les Trois-Evêchés de Metz, Toul, Verdun, et en Alsace, confirmant ainsi son rôle en matière de finances et son autorité administrative pour tout ce qui relève du domaine qu’il gère, administre et contrôle tant matériellement que juridiquement. L’étude du bureau des finances ne peut se dispenser d’un regard porté sur la classe sociale qui la domine : les officiers des finances. Ces gens émergent, évoluent et se distinguent de toute la foule des officiers de l’administration de la généralité / The Administration of the Old Regime embodied services that contributed to its management. Today, those services still continue questioning the responsibilities and competencies of the people in charge of it. The Finance office of the administrative area of Metz and Alsace is one of these services. This study is entirely dedicated to its mechanism, trials and tribulations that it had faced during the Enlightenment period. The Finance office is a financial structure created right after the signature of the Edict of Poitiers, in July 1577, and played two fundamental roles: administrative and legal. It was precisely established in the city of Metz, in November 1661 during the reign of Louis XIV. Louis XIV assigned to this office the same functions, responsibilities and duties than the other Kingdom offices. The current archives of the administrative county of Moselle highlight the key active role played by the Finance Office throughout the eighteenth century, despite the difficulties and challenges set by some others administrative institutions, especially the Judiciary Body. After a deep analysis of the archives documents, it is clear that the Finance Office was determined to overcome all possible challenges and put its duties in place. It played indeed an essential role in establishing the tax & financial system in the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Toul, Verdun, and Alsace. Through the study of the Finance office, we also examine the social class of the Finance Officers; A group of people that stood out from the other administrative bodies of the County area

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate family case work particularly as seen in the work performance of the Family Welfare Bureau of Greater Vancouver, British Columbia. The research sample comprises fifty-eight cases featured by problems in the areas of marital relationships and parent-child relationships, known to the agency during the five-year period ending April 1, 1948. Selection is exclusive of extreme examples and includes only "whole" families, that is, units in which both parents were living, although not necessarily together. Childless marriages are considered only when there are no contra-indications to fecundity. Age is a further delimiting factor in selection of these cases. The maximum ages for men being forty years, for women thirty-five years. The total research load is subdivided into five groups, basis of grouping being the particular problem most troubling the family. Groupings are; Early Years of Marriage (Ten cases), Advanced Marital Conflict (Thirteen cases), Dissolution of Marriage (Eleven cases), Reconciliation (Ten cases), and Child Development and Parent-Child Relationships Problems (Fourteen cases). None of the several evaluation methods examined proved suitable for the cases in this study. The criteria and method of evaluation used in the project are derived from basic case work principles and the concept of social case work as a dynamic process. For want of a better descriptive term the instrument devised is variously called the case-o-graph, case-gram and case-chart. It is a dissecting facility intended to show the dynamics of the case work process as they operate in a given situation. The activity of client, worker, agency and community are proportionately shown in this case-chart which illustrates what takes place in case work as seen in the case record. Results, of case work are subjectively graded. The case work services of the Family Welfare Bureau are assessed as generally effective. Visiting homemaker service is particularly of good quality. Difficulty in helping people with serious personality conflicts and advanced marital problems underlines the necessity for improvement of case work personnel, increased psychiatric orientation of staff, and revision of community psychiatric services. The role of the family agency in promoting family life education and in supporting all efforts for further family life in the community is emphasized by findings of the project which indicate the general need of people for better preparation for life. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Three Bureau of Reclamation projects, which represent a broad cross-section of the eleven total in Utah, are studied in order to shed light on the value of the invested resources to U.S. taxpayers, the people of Utah, and the local farmers. The bureau's nonmultiple-purpose projects in Utah are termed "supplemental" as opposed to "full-service" because some amount of irrigation was already in place. Recent findings from field trials of yield vs. evapotranspiration for major crops grown in the Western states were employed to assess the annual productive value of existing river water rights had the three projects not been built. Annual estimates of crop values or revenues for each project were obtained from Bureau of Reclamation publications. However, an allowance for annual crop production costs is needed in order to arrive at annual project net incomes (net benefit streams). Cost per acre data were obtained from published intermittent farm studies and reports of farm budgets beginning as early as 1910. This information was then converted to a series of trends in annual production costs by linking to reported indices of farm prices paid as reported by the USDA for the past 80 years. Projects are arbitrarily judged to be "economically efficient" if the estimated internal rate of return at least exceeds borrowing cost to the U.S. Treasury at the time that each project was built, e.g., from 3.5 to 4.5 percent. Only the Strawberry project results suggest that the borrowing rate was exceeded. The Newton project has realized a slight positive return of less than 1 percent, and the Hyrum project has realized negative returns. Thus, the economic results of the bureau's irrigation program in the state have been mixed. Claims of great benefits from water development are not substantiated by the study results. The only unambiguous beneficiaries are farmers whose included lands had very poor or no water rights prior to project construction.

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) manages approximately 245 million acres in the U.S., the majority of which are in the western half of the country. There have been several conflicts in Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Arizona, since 2010 that have resulted in a fatality, armed militias, several incarcerations, and lawsuits facing the federal government. Following a preliminary needs assessment conducted in Box Elder County, Utah, and a comprehensive review of the literature, further research was needed to understand BLM professional (BLM managers or BLM specialists) and rancher perceptions regarding BLM policies and procedures. The study specifically looked at attitudes, perception and knowledge concerning the implementation of range improvement projects to potentially address conflicts and relationship issues between ranchers and BLM professionals. A needs assessment model was used to frame the research. Two similar questionnaires, one for BLM professional and the other for permitees (ranchers) using federal land managed by the BLM, were developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was divided into four sections: participant characteristics; perceptions concerning BLM policies; knowledge questions related to BLM policies; and attitudes concerning federal land ownership and BLM policies. The rancher questionnaire was mailed to 182 ranchers and netted a 37.2% response rate. The BLM questionnaire was emailed to 15 BLM professionals in the Salt Lake Field office and netted an 84.6% response rate. Results were analyzed using descriptive and appropriate correlation statistics. Multiple relationships between rancher and BLM professionals’ perceptions and knowledge were identified. Rancher interventions should include (a) when to submit rangeland improvement projects, (b) what could result in a temporary reduction in AUMs on a grazing allotment, (c) where to access online NEPA documents, and (d) who makes final land management decisions for the BLM. BLM professionals’ interventions could include the steps required for planning a juniper removal project, and when to submit a new waterline or fenceline request. Ranchers’ background has minimal influence on their perception. Rancher age had a medium, positive relationship on ranchers’ attitude regarding the NEPA process working and needing no revisions. Finally, the majority of rancher respondents identified as somewhat agreeing, somewhat disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing with the federal government owning land.

No description available.

In 1931 the United States Children's Bureau asserted that "nothing short of really healthy children should satisfy parents." This thesis examines how literature published by the Children's Bureau from 1913 to 1933 shaped perceptions of motherhood and of maternal control over the body. As the bureau taught mothers how to care for their children, it also taught them that by following bureau advice, mothers could shape the bodies of their children to adhere to normative body standards. The research considers the relationship between mothers, the state, and the physical body. This thesis is divided into chapters about prenatal care and maternal marking; infant care and maternal policing; and child care and maternal control.

This case study examines why the Freedmen's Bureau, a Federal agency that existed within the War Department between 1865 and 1872, formed collaborative relationships with church-supported charitable organizations to establish schools during the Civil War Reconstruction Period in Virginia. This project examines the relationships between Freedmen's Bureau officials and the leadership of church-supported charitable organizations. Specifically, this project examines the formation of these relationships, the nature of the relationships that formed, the norms and values that shaped the relationships, and the impact those relationships had on education policy in the South. The examination of a historical federal agency through archival research methods generated findings that were consistent with current knowledge of the collaborative process. Preexisting relationships formed during the Civil War served as the foundation for collaborative relationships that formed between the Bureau and church-supported charitable organizations. These relationships were integral to the formation of schools that served formerly enslaved persons as well as other war refugees. Ultimately, political and social pressure facilitated the closing of the Bureau, but the schools remained, forming the foundation for public school systems throughout the South. Examining an extinct agency which worked alongside church-supported charitable organizations, shows that facets of collaborative governance occurred much earlier than presently identified, especially as it pertains to discrete steps in the collaboration process, specifically antecedent and initial conditions of collaboration, pre-existing relationships, and impacts of collaboration. The project also adds to the study of public administration as a field by extending the timeline of the practice of public administration. This dissertation also adds to the scholarship on the impact of race on policy implementation and administrative practice. / Doctor of Philosophy / This case study examines why the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (the Freedmen’s Bureau), a controversial federal agency that existed within the War Department between 1865 and 1872, formed collaborative relationships with church-supported charitable organizations to establish schools during the Civil War Reconstruction Period in Virginia. This project will examine the relationships between Freedmen’s Bureau officials and the leaders of various church-supported charitable organizations. Specifically, this project will examine the types of relationships that formed, the customs and values that shaped those relationships and the impact of those relationships had on education policy in Virginia. Relationships between charitable organizations and army officials formed during the Civil War and served as the foundation for relationships that formed between the Bureau and charitable aid organization. Although not unique for its time the Freedmen’s Bureau relied upon nongovernmental actors and entities in performing its functions, especially education. The schools that were established, served formerly enslaved persons as well as other war refugees and served as the foundation for the public school system across the South. Although the Freedmen’s Bureau would be abolished in 1872, the schools that were established with the help of the Bureau, remained. The fact that organizations were involved in Reconstruction-era schooling is known. That the Freedmen’s Bureau helped organizations establish schools throughout the South is known. Less is known about the extent of those relationships, however. Examining a historical and extinct agency which developed relationships with a number of church-supported charitable organizations shows that collaborative relationships occurred much earlier than we once thought.

Durant la guerre d'Algérie, des officiers français ont pensé l'armée et son action comme révolutionnaire. Il s'agissait pour eux de réformer radicalement l'institution militaire, en l'adaptant à un conflit présenté comme une guerre révolutionnaire menée par le communisme dont l'enjeu est le contrôle politique de la population. Cette armée révolutionnaire se devait de participer à la modernisation de l'Algérie, intégrant les Algériens au corps social français, permettant l'émergence d'une «Algérie nouvelle». Afin de réaliser cet objectif, ces officiers prônaient un durcissement autoritaire de l'État à même de contrer la subversion communiste. Cette thèse explore cette armée révolutionnaire, dont elle s'attache à saisir les racines, le contenu et les conséquences, à travers l'étude des 5es bureaux, bureaux d'état-major chargés de mener l'action psychologique de 1955 à 1960, à la fois propagandistes, commissaires politiques et théoriciens de l'action politico-militaire. Elle se penche, à travers une approche prosopographique, sur les parcours individuels et collectifs de ses officiers. Elle analyse les logiques institutionnelles, les discours et les pratiques des 5es bureaux. Elle met en lumière l'action politique de l'armée lors de la crise de mai et juin 1958 à travers la mobilisation autoritaire des Algériens lors de manifestations de fraternisation mettant en scène l'adhésion des colonisés à un ordre coloniale rénové. Ce projet se heurte à l'opposition de plus en plus claire du pouvoir gaulliste qui dissout les 5es bureaux en février 1960, suite à la semaine des barricades, mais surtout à une mécompréhension systématique de la situation politique algérienne. / During the Algerian War, French officers considered the army and its action as revolutionary. They aimed to radically reform military institutions, adapting them to a conflict perceived as a revolutionary war led by communism whose goal was the political control of the population. This revolutionary army had to participate in the modernization of Algeria, integrating Algerians into the French social body, allowing the emergence of an "Algérie nouvelle". In order to achieve this goal, these officers advocated an authoritarian hardening of the state capable of countering communist subversion. This thesis explores the roots, content and consequences of this revolutionary army through the study of the 5th bureau : the staff officers responsible for conducting psychological action from 1955 to 1960, as well the propagandists, political commissars and theoreticians of politico-military action. It employs a prospography of the individual and collective career trajectories of these officers, and analyzes the institutional logics; discourses, and the practices of the 5th bureaus. Tt highlights the political action of the army during the crisis of May and June 1958 through the authoritarian mobilization of Algerians for fraternization demonstrations that aimed to evince Algerians' commitment to a renovated colonial order. This project was defeated by the cleat opposition of the Gaullist state, which dissolved the 5th Bureaus in February 1960 following the week of the barricades uprising, but particularly by its systematic misunderstanding of the Algerian political situation.