Au début du XXe siècle, le 2e bureau incarne le renseignement militaire à l’état-major de l’armée à Paris. Entre août 1914 et juin 1919, 366 officiers servent dans cette administration secrète du ministère de la Guerre. Ce travail, qui a pour objet une histoire des services dits spéciaux à travers le prisme des dossiers individuels, comprend trois axes : une étude institutionnelle, une étude prosopographique et un dictionnaire biographique. En moins de quatre années, le dispositif de renseignement à l’EMA étend ses activités à des champs nouveaux (économie, politique, diplomatie, coopération interalliée). Ce développement passe par plusieurs réformes structurelles profondes. Pour mener à bien ces activités, le renseignement à l’EMA connaît un accroissement inédit de son personnel et un élargissement du recrutement, qui concerne en particulier les officiers de réserve. Les élites intellectuelles et économiques de la Nation occupent alors une place de choix dans cette organisation. Une fois la guerre terminée, le 2e bureau retrouve sa spécificité militaire. / At the beginning of the 20th century, the “2e bureau” embodied military intelligence at the headquarters of the War Office in Paris. Between August 1914 and June 1919, 366 officers served in this secret administration of the War Office. Through individual files and with the aim of relating the history of services known as special services, this thesis is made up of three main lines: first, an institutional study, then a prosopographic study and finally a biographical dictionary. In less than four years, the intelligence plan set up at the EMA (État-major de l’armée) opened to new fields (economy, politics, diplomacy, inter-allied cooperation). This development went through deep structural reforms. In order to bring its activities to a successful conclusion, the “2e bureau” increased personnel and recruitment, which applied to reserve officers in particular. The intellectual and economic elites of the Nation would then occupy a place of choice in this organisation. Once the war was over, the “2e bureau” was back in charge of purely military matters.

The meeting industry is a growing industry around the world, and the technological development in recent decades is one of the contributing factors to the increased travel opportunities and meeting industry's expansion. It can be assumed that the technology could replace some of the personal meetings, but humans have always had a need to meet in physical locations in work related purposes, therefore there is no evidence that personal meetings will disappear. Technological development should be seen as complementary rather than a substitute to the existing professional meetings. Public and private sectors within countries has drawn attention to meeting industry's potential, as favored destinations in terms of economic administration, image creation, expansion and acquisition of further market share in the global market. Meeting industry is complex precisely because there are so many different actors and stakeholders that integrate. For a destination to differentiate them and excel in the increasingly global world needed an elaborate marketing plan and effective cooperation between the various actors at the destination. Usually the largest professional meetings takes place in cities where there is capacity to receive large numbers of visitors. Essential elements for sustainable meeting industry are mutually dependent network relationships with strong organizational skills, and are of primary importance to a functioning whole. Among the various meeting actors, Convention Bureau occupy key role as the representative, the primary aim is to market the destination, display options, and finally bring together stakeholders with meeting participants. Lack of a Convention Bureau inhibit communication between meeting participants and stakeholders, also weakened the meeting related image because of incomplete representation.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 60127.PDF.jpg: 12673 bytes, checksum: d8ca626e65adc54cf86d68f498201ddf (MD5) 60127.PDF: 2340960 bytes, checksum: 46ebdc9324e9033a2f4511c0b242a0b3 (MD5) 60127.PDF.txt: 282290 bytes, checksum: 614894c46ded6421dafc94cb15453abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-19T00:00:00Z / Nowadays, consumer market globalization has urged companies to broaden their sales of goods and services to consumers all around the world. Credit availability, bor for consumers and companies, is a key success factor for improving financial standards of countries and their people. Notwithstanding, the lack of consumer information data in the market increases sales uncertainties and risks. It may increase default and frauds, thus leading to increasing sales costs. This scenario has favored the development of information companies (Credit Bureau), which are specialized in gathering and assuring trustful information on consumers and companies, as well as, the analysis of such information tailored to their customers' needs. The aim of this paper is to access the connections make up an information network and how information market has developed and currently interacts in Brazil. This paper relates to supply and network chain management, once it accesses horizontal liaisons, retro-feeding and mutual data exchange among a variety of players. After a series of ompany, clients and suppliers, interviews for evaluating their information networks, this paper proposes a value diagram for credit information in the buying process. This research presents the main performance features of both information supply and productive chains, by analyzing a case study o a company's process of capturing, analyzing and distribution of information. The conclusion of this paper states the positive outcomes of an analysis of a company's information supply chain network for their commercial relationships strategy. / Atualmente, a globalização dos mercados consumidores tem feito com que as empresas procurem ampliar suas vendas de produtos e serviços para consumidores ao redor de todo o mundo. O crédito para pessoas físicas e jurídicas figura hoje em dia como grande fator para a melhoria das condições financeiras a população e do país. Entretanto, a ausência de dados e informações no mercado a respeito dos consumidores, aumenta a incerteza e o risco no momento da venda de produtos e serviço e gera problemas como a inadimplência e a fraude, o que por sua vez, implica em um aumento dos custos de venda. Tais riscos propiciaram o surgimento de empresas de serviços de dados, especialistas em coleta e garantia das informações sobre consumidores e empresas, bem como na análise deste tipo de informação com uma orientação voltada aos clientes que possuem essa necessidade. O propósito dessa pesquisa é ampliar os conhecimentos sobre os relacionamentos nessa rede de informações e como esse mercado se desenvolveu a atualmente interage no Brasil. A pesquisa se aplica à Gestão das Cadeias e Redes de Suprimentos, visto que os relacionamentos envolvem ligações laterais, retro-alimentação, trocas mútuas com os diversos atores. É proposto um diagrama do valor das informações de crédito nos processos de compra, tendo sido entrevistadas empresas clientes e fornecedores em vista a enfatizar a evolução da rede de relacionamentos que tais informações envolvem. A pesquisa apresenta os principais aspectos de desempenho dessa rede de suprimentos e sua cadeia produtiva, tendo sido analisado, dentro de um caso de estudo, o tratamento dado às informações, e seu processo de coleta e distribuição. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que existem benefícios nesse tipo de estudo, junto às estratégias de relacionamentos, dentro de uma Rede de Suprimento voltado à informação.

The first chapter investigates whether construction of the Bureau of Reclamation dams in the early twentieth century raise farm values and increase agricultural output? I construct a new county level panel data set from 1890 to 1920 with information on geography, climate, politics, agriculture, and major dams and then evaluate the effect of the Bureau of Reclamation dams on the value of farms and on crop productivity. Using fixed effect panel estimation, I find that new federal dam construction increased the average value of farm land by approximately 6.4 percent. When I apply an instrument to control for potential endogeneity, the effect of Bureau dams on the farm land value increases in size, although the estimate is no longer statistically significant. When examining the crop output, the only crop for which the dams had effects was alfalfa. In the second chapter I investigate the effect of the geographic, economic and political factors on dam construction at the beginning of the Bureau of Reclamation's operation in the American West. Applying county level data which has been linked from various data sources for the time period of 1900 to 1910, I show that the percentage of votes for Republicans in presidential elections has a significant and positive effect on major dam construction. The last chapter investigates the effect of climate change on US agriculture using county-level data from 1997 to 2007. Compared to previous contributions, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity across the climate zones and include the presence of extreme weather events. The lack of consideration for both effects may have led previous works to generate biased estimates and incorrect impact forecasts. While current approaches use projected climate variables derived from coarse resolution Global Climate Models (GCMs), we use data at a much finer resolution by relying on dynamically downscaled simulation data. Further, we pay particular attention to the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of climate among the climate zones. Chow-Wald tests indicate the presence of significant heterogeneity across zones in the effects of climate on land values.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate marketing activities of the regions Prague, Karlovy Vary and South Moravia in the area of meeting industry and to suggest recommendations to increase their marketing effectiveness in this area. In the theoretical part, the concept of destination marketing is explained and the meeting industry is characterized. In the practical part, the prerequisites of the Czech Republic for meeting industry are assessed. Subsequently, the potential of each individual region is evaluated as well as their marketing and especially promotional activities. For the overall evaluation the SWOT analysis is used. Finally, by means of synthesis, the recommendations to improve marketing presentation of the Czech Republic and individual regions as convention destinations are formulated.

Student Number : 0105964W - MPH research report - Faculty of Health Sciences / The Employment Bureau for Africa (TEBA Limited) established in 1902 recruits mineworkers from Lesotho and neighbouring countries for South African mines. Information on mineworkers’ health and welfare from Lesotho is scarce. Tuberculosis prevalence ranged between 159/100000 and 506/100000 from 1991 to 2001 in Lesotho. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of mineworkers affected with tuberculosis among adult male patients attending TB clinics in Maseru District’s three main hospitals and ascertain compensation of mineworkers affected by occupational lung disease including tuberculosis. A structured questionnaire was used to interview 421 adult male TB patients at Queen Elizabeth II, Saint Joseph and Scott hospitals in Maseru. 38.5% of participants in the study were mineworkers (former and active) in South African mines. Among these mineworkers, 70.4% were employed in goldmines. 30.7% of mineworkers were considered eligible for compensation. 42 mineworkers received compensation for previous and current tuberculosis whilst 33 mineworkers had not.

En bureaux ouverts, le bruit de parole des autres occupants représente un facteur de gêne important. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer les outils de prédiction du pouvoir de nuisance de la parole et de proposer des voies d’amélioration. Ceci nécessite de détailler l’influence des caractéristiques d’un bruit de parole qui peuvent rendre le travail plus difficile. Pour ce faire, plusieurs expériences basées sur des exercices mentaux classiques sont menées. La surcharge cognitive engendrée par le bruit de parole ambiant y est mesurée de façon objective et subjective. Dans un premier temps, l’étude est centrée sur l’influence de l’intelligibilité de la parole. En effet, certains auteurs proposent d’utiliser un indicateur d’intelligibilité, le Speech Transmission Index (STI), pour prédire la nuisance dans un bureau ouvert. Les résultats obtenus confirment cette influence de l’intelligibilité. Cependant, les bruits de fond rencontrés en bureaux ouverts peuvent être fortement fluctuants. Ceci a un effet sur la nuisance dont le STI ne peut rendre compte. Dans un second temps, une alternative permettant de rendre compte de la variabilité temporelle de réelles ambiances sonores de bureaux est donc proposée. Le pouvoir prédictif de cet indicateur sur la perturbation au travail est évalué pour plusieurs types de tâches. Si les effets observés sont faibles, en particulier au regard des différences de sensibilité au bruit entre individus, la prise en compte des fluctuations de niveau pour un environnement sonore donné semble bel et bien essentielle à la prédiction chiffrée de la gêne sonore causée. De plus, l’évaluation subjective de la gêne s’avère être un complément essentiel à l’évaluation objective pour rendre compte de l’influence de certains facteurs. / Speech noise is a major cause of annoyance in open-plan offices. The purpose of this research was to assess the quality of existing tools for predicting the nuisance potential of speech and highlight possibilities for improvement. The ways in which speech sounds influence noise annoyance were thus investigated. To this end, experiments were carried out based on classical mental tasks, with concurrent objective and subjective measurements of the increase in mental workload caused by ambient speech. First, the effect of speech intelligibility was studied. Indeed, some argue for the use of a speech intelligibility measure, the Speech Transmission Index (STI), to predict noise annoyance in open-plan offices. Results confirmed the increase in disruption caused by speech made more intelligible. However, the STI was incapable of predicting noise annoyance for fluctuating background sounds, which are usual in open-plan offices. An alternative was then provided that accounted for the temporal variability seen in actual office sound environments. The predictive ability of this measure was assessed for varied tasks. The resulting effects were small when compared with individual differences in susceptibility to speech noise. However, they indicated that allowing for level fluctuations in the sound environment is essential to quantifying the induced noise annoyance. Moreover, it appeared that subjective measurements of noise annoyance were a critical complement to objective measurements for identifying certain causes of noise annoyance.

"The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there were significant differences in data collected by a schedule of selected items applied to the case records of thirty unmarried mothers born in Spanish American countries and thirty unmarried mothers born in the United States. All sixty mothers who were pregnant out-of-wedlock are former recipients of services offered by Catholic Welfare Bureau, Incorporated, Miami, Florida between May, 1951 and May, 1960"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "June, 1961." / "Submitted to the Graduate School of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work." / Advisor: John T. Greene, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references (leaaves 63-64).

The 1967 Universal and International Exhibition, the Montreal world's fair commonly known as Expo 67, produced both continuations of and crises in the emancipatory project of modern architecture. Like many world's fairs before it, Expo 67 was designed to mediate relations between peoples and things through its architecture. The origins of this work lay in the efforts of Daniel van Ginkel and Blanche Lemco van Ginkel, architects and town planners who, in remarkable reports, drawings, and architectural ideals advanced between 1962 and 1963, outlined the basis of a fundamentally new, though never fully realised, world's fair in the late twentieth century. Party to the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne and its influential prewar edicts on functionalist town planning as well as to groups like Team 10 and their opposition to diagrammatic generalisations by an emphasis on the personal, the particular, and the precise, the van Ginkels also drew on contemporary theories and practices of North American urban renewal when first conceiving Expo 67 as an instrument for redeveloping downtown Montreal. The resulting work, Man and the City, which officially secured the world's fair bid but remained unbuilt, carefully drew on the legacies of most great exhibitions, especially those of the nineteenth century, in order to conceive of sufficiently heroic structures making immanent novel forms of human interaction, social control, and the technical organisation of space. In 1967, this was to suggest a new world historical project - in a space existing for only six months but crowded with 50 million visitors - promoting senses of fraternal self-awareness through the unrelenting promise of progress. The resulting well-known Expo 67 theme, Man and His World, was a paean to contemporary humanism first used by the van Ginkels and their architect allies to reject the most enduring symbols of world exhibitions: the nation-state and its emblematic architecture. They imagined new kinds of architecture that could somehow engender new senses of political consciousness (inspired by, for example, UNESCO or the celebrated Family of Man photography exhibition of 1955) outside nationalist chauvinism. This was a vision of late modernity: a transitional form of political subjectivity still clinging to the shared passions of the citizen (thus for the polis) before being subsumed by mass culture - in other words, a moment during which nationalisms could still be channelled into alternative forms of political belonging free of narrow self-interest. The belief marked every aspect of the van Ginkels early plans and had half-lives in two consequential works: the theme pavilions Man the Producer and Habitat 67, which, with outward emphasis on the aesthetics and technics of innovative structures (and mass production), were seen as fulfilling the ambitions of the megastructural movement in the 1960s. As such, theses architectures of late modernity reflected a markedly modernist conviction of long duration: on the one hand, an abiding faith in technological salvation and, on the other hand, the sense of some liberative social mass giving rise to a new citizen of the world. At the very same moment, this universalism was fraught with ambiguity: on the one hand, any abiding faith in techno-scientific salvation was shaken in the aftermath of global war and the terror of nuclear holocaust; on the other hand, assumed geopolitical ideals were being upended, however temporarily, by, say, decolonisation and resulting alternative global alignments on a postwar world's fair). Expo 67, perhaps the most consequential twentieth-century world's fair in terms of utopian hopes of modern architecture, was prey to these and related desires to reinvigorate the modern project of uniting instrumental reason, mass edification, and popular spectacle in a genuinely new public realm. It would irrevocably shape the ways in which Canada, as a host nation purposely celebrating its centennial in the ambit of a world's fair, was to confront its collective sense of cultural representation and global belonging.

The thesis focuses on the congress tourism, situation of Prague and other 4 competing cities. It describes the specifics of marketing in tourism, congress tourism and destination management. Then follows the comparison of destinations and activities of each city convention bureau and the resulting recommendations for the Czech capital.