Le vent acoustique et la déformation de l'onde sont deux phénomènes connus relevant de l'acoustique non linéaire. L'objet de ce travail est de les étudier dans le cadre de la propagation faiblement non linéaire en guides d'ondes monodimensionnels. A niveau sonore élevé, la non-linéarité des équations de base de l'acoustique a pour conséquence l'apparition d'une composante continue, se traduisant par la présence d'un écoulement moyen : le vent acoustique. Une analyse dimensionnelle met en évidence le rôle de l'inertie du fluide, particulièrement marqué en guides : les lignes de courant ne peuvent être correctement décrites qu'en prenant en compte cette inertie. Des équations non linéaires de l'écoulement sont obtenues, et des solutions sont décrites, permettant d'observer une distorsion des lignes de courant dépendant d'un nombre de Reynolds approprié. Cet écoulement reste néanmoins lent, et ne perturbe pas à son tour le signal acoustique. Les termes non linéaires des équations de l'acoustique sont par ailleurs à l'origine d'une déformation progressive de la forme du signal, qui, bien que négligeable localement, se cumule au cours de la propagation et peut aboutir à la formation d'ondes de choc. Cette déformation, décrite par des équations de Burgers généralisées est le résultat de la compétition entre les effets non linéaires et les pertes visco-thermiques. La résolution présentée est basée sur une méthode de rééquilibrage harmonique, applicable également pour une source périodique non sinusoïdale et pour une terminaison quelconque. Le modèle est ensuite adapté de manière à prendre en compte la présence d'un écoulement moyen, puis ces travaux sont généralisés au cas du pavillon. Les résultats des modèles sont confrontés à l'expérience dans les différentes configurations citées précédemment.

Cette thèse traite du comportement des solutions u de l'équation de Burgers généralisée sur le cercle: u_t+f'(u)u_x=\nu u_{xx}+\eta,\ x \in S^1=\R/\Z. Ici, f est lisse, fortement convexe et satisfait certaines conditions de croissance. La constante 0<\nu << 1 correspond à un coefficient de viscosité. Nous considérons le cas où \eta=0, ainsi que le cas où \eta est une force aléatoire, lisse en x et peu régulière (de type "kick" ou bruit blanc) en t. Nous obtenons des estimations sur les normes de Sobolev de u moyennées en temps et en probabilité de la forme C \nu^{-\delta}, \delta >= 0, avec les mêmes valeurs de \delta pour les bornes supérieures et inférieures. On en déduit des estimations précises pour les quantités à petite échelle caractérisant la turbulence qui confirment exactement les prédictions physiques. Nous nous intéressons également au comportement asymptotique des solutions. Nous obtenons un résultat d'hyperbolicité des minimiseurs pour l'action correspondant à l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi stochastique, dont la dérivée en espace est l'équation de Burgers stochastique avec \nu=0.

Optimal control of PDEs has a crucial place in many parts of sciences and industry. Over the last decade, there have been a great deal in, especially, control problems of elliptic problems. Optimal control problems of Burgers equation that is as a simplifed model for turbulence and in shock waves were recently investigated both theoretically and numerically. In this thesis, we analyze the space-time simultaneous discretization of control problem for Burgers equation. In literature, there have been two approaches for discretization of optimization problems: optimize-then-discretize and discretize-then-optimize. In the first part, we follow optimize-then-discretize appoproach. It is shown that both distributed and boundary time dependent control problem can be transformed into an elliptic pde. Numerical results obtained with adaptive and non-adaptive elliptic solvers of COMSOL Multiphysics are presented for both the unconstrained and the control constrained cases. As for second part, we consider discretize-then-optimize approach. Discrete adjoint concept is covered. Optimality conditions, KKT-system, lead to a saadle point problem. We investigate the numerical treatment for the obtained saddle point system. Both direct solvers and iterative methods are considered. For iterative mehods, preconditioners are needed. The structures of preconditioners for both distributed and boundary control problems are covered. Additionally, an a priori error analysis for the distributed control problem is given. We present the numerical results at the end of each chapter.

CSIR (INDIA), IFCPAR / The physics of turbulence is the study of the chaotic and irregular behaviour in driven fluids. It is ubiquitous in cosmic, terrestrial and laboratory environments. To describe the properties of a simple incompressible fluid it is sufficient to know its velocity at all points in space and as a function of time. The equation of motion for the velocity of such a fluid is the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation. In more complicated cases, for example if the temperature of the fluid also fluctuates in space and time, the Navier–Stokes equation must be supplemented by additional equations. Incompressible fluid turbulence is the study of solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation at very high Reynolds numbers, Re, the dimensionless control parameter for this problem. The chaotic nature of these solutions leads us to characterise them by their statistical properties. For example, statistical properties of fluid turbulence are characterised often by structure functions of velocity. For intermediate range of length scales, that is the inertial range, these structure functions show multiscaling. Most studies concentrate on equal-time structure functions which describe the equal-time statistical properties of the turbulent fluid. Dynamic properties can be measured by more general time-dependent structure functions. A major challenge in the field of fluid turbulence is to understand the multiscaling properties of both the equal-time and time-dependent structure functions of velocity starting from the Navier–Stokes equation. In this thesis we use numerical and analytical techniques to study scaling and multiscaling of equal-time and time-dependent structure functions in turbulence not only in fluids but also in advection of passive-scalars and passive vectors, and in randomly forced Burgers equation.

Thesis (doctoral)--Abo akademi, 1988. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-366).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Amsterdam, 1993. / "Stellingen" laid in. Includes bibliographical references (p. 312-330).

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O processo de recuperação secundária de petróleo é comumente realizado com a injeção de água no reservatório a fim de manter a pressão necessária para sua extração. Para que o investimento seja viável, os gastos com a extração têm de ser menores do que o retorno financeiro obtido com o petróleo. Para tanto, tornam-se extremamente importantes as simulações dos processos de extração. Neste trabalho são estudados os problemas de Burgers e de Buckley-Leverett visando o escoamento imiscível água-óleo em meios porosos, onde o escoamento é incompressível e os efeitos difusivos (devido à pressão capilar) são desprezados. Com o objetivo de incorporar conhecimento matemático mais avançado, para em seguida utilizá-lo no entendimento do problema estudado, abordou-se com razoável profundidade a teoria das leis de conservação. Foram consideradas soluções fracas que, fisicamente, podem ser interpretadas como ondas de choque ou rarefações, então, para que fossem distinguidas as fisicamente admissíveis, foi utilizado o princípio de entropia, nas suas diversas formas. Inicialmente consideramos alguns exemplos clássicos de métodos numéricos para uma lei de conservação escalar, os quais podem ser vistos como esquemas conservativos de três pontos. Entre eles, o método de Lax-Friedrichs (LF) e o método de Lax-Wendroff (LW). Em seguida, um esquema composto foi testado, o qual inclui na sua formulação os métodos LF e LW (chamado de LWLF-4). Respeitando a condição CFL, foram obtidas soluções numéricas de todos os problemas tratados aqui. Com o objetivo de validar tais soluções, foram utilizadas soluções analíticas oriundas dos problemas de Burgers e Buckley- Leverett. Também foi feita uma comparação com os métodos do tipo TVDs com limitadores de fluxo, obtendo resultado satisfatório. Vale à pena ressaltar que o esquema LWLF-4, pelo que nos consta, nunca foi antes utilizado nas resoluções das equações de Burgers e Buckley- Leverett. / The secondary recovery of petroleum is usually performed with injection of water through an oil reservoir to keep the oil pressure for the exploration. In order to make the exploration profitable, the extraction cost must be less than the financial return, which means that the simulation of the exploration process is extremely relevant. In this work, the Burgers- and- Buckley-Leverett problems are studied seeking a two-phase displacement in porous media. The flow is considered incompressible and capillary effects are ignored. In order to analyze the problem, it was necessary to use the theory of conservation law in a spatial variable. Weak solutions, which can be understood as shock or rarefaction waves, are studied with the entropy condition, so that only the physically correct solutions are considered. Some classical numerical methods, which can be seen as conservative schemes of three points, are studied, among them the Lax-Friedrichs (LF) and Lax-Wendroff (LW) methods. A composite scheme, called LWLF-k, is tested using LF and LW methods, being respected the CFL condition, with satisfactory results. In order to validate the numerical schemes, we consider analytical solutions of the Burgers-and-Buckley-Leverett equations. Was also made a comparison with TVDs methods with flux limiters, obtaining satisfactory results. We emphasize that to the best of our knowledge, the LWLF-4 scheme has never been used to solve the Buckley-Leverett equation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissESS.pdf: 437600 bytes, checksum: 7016fae41aa0f1227b06cf92849139b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The aim in this work is to estudy the existence and certain qualitative properties of travellingwave to the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation. The asymptotic behaviour of these waves is analysed when &#949; &#8595; 0, &#948; &#8595; 0 or when both &#949;,&#948; &#8595; 0, subject to the determined conditions. / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a existência e certas propriedades de soluções ondas viajantes da equação Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB). O comportamento assintótico destas ondas é analisado quando e # 0, d # 0 ou quando ambos e,d # 0, sujeito à determinadas condições.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O processo de recuperação secundária de petróleo é comumente realizado com a injeção de água no reservatório a fim de manter a pressão necessária para sua extração. Para que o investimento seja viável, os gastos com a extração têm de ser menores do que o retorno financeiro obtido com o petróleo. Para tanto, tornam-se extremamente importantes as simulações dos processos de extração. Neste trabalho são estudados os problemas de Burgers e de Buckley-Leverett visando o escoamento imiscível água-óleo em meios porosos, onde o escoamento é incompressível e os efeitos difusivos (devido à pressão capilar) são desprezados. Com o objetivo de incorporar conhecimento matemático mais avançado, para em seguida utilizá-lo no entendimento do problema estudado, abordou-se com razoável profundidade a teoria das leis de conservação. Foram consideradas soluções fracas que, fisicamente, podem ser interpretadas como ondas de choque ou rarefações, então, para que fossem distinguidas as fisicamente admissíveis, foi utilizado o princípio de entropia, nas suas diversas formas. Inicialmente consideramos alguns exemplos clássicos de métodos numéricos para uma lei de conservação escalar, os quais podem ser vistos como esquemas conservativos de três pontos. Entre eles, o método de Lax-Friedrichs (LF) e o método de Lax-Wendroff (LW). Em seguida, um esquema composto foi testado, o qual inclui na sua formulação os métodos LF e LW (chamado de LWLF-4). Respeitando a condição CFL, foram obtidas soluções numéricas de todos os problemas tratados aqui. Com o objetivo de validar tais soluções, foram utilizadas soluções analíticas oriundas dos problemas de Burgers e Buckley- Leverett. Também foi feita uma comparação com os métodos do tipo TVDs com limitadores de fluxo, obtendo resultado satisfatório. Vale à pena ressaltar que o esquema LWLF-4, pelo que nos consta, nunca foi antes utilizado nas resoluções das equações de Burgers e Buckley- Leverett. / The secondary recovery of petroleum is usually performed with injection of water through an oil reservoir to keep the oil pressure for the exploration. In order to make the exploration profitable, the extraction cost must be less than the financial return, which means that the simulation of the exploration process is extremely relevant. In this work, the Burgers- and- Buckley-Leverett problems are studied seeking a two-phase displacement in porous media. The flow is considered incompressible and capillary effects are ignored. In order to analyze the problem, it was necessary to use the theory of conservation law in a spatial variable. Weak solutions, which can be understood as shock or rarefaction waves, are studied with the entropy condition, so that only the physically correct solutions are considered. Some classical numerical methods, which can be seen as conservative schemes of three points, are studied, among them the Lax-Friedrichs (LF) and Lax-Wendroff (LW) methods. A composite scheme, called LWLF-k, is tested using LF and LW methods, being respected the CFL condition, with satisfactory results. In order to validate the numerical schemes, we consider analytical solutions of the Burgers-and-Buckley-Leverett equations. Was also made a comparison with TVDs methods with flux limiters, obtaining satisfactory results. We emphasize that to the best of our knowledge, the LWLF-4 scheme has never been used to solve the Buckley-Leverett equation.

abstract: Solution methods for certain linear and nonlinear evolution equations are presented in this dissertation. Emphasis is placed mainly on the analytical treatment of nonautonomous differential equations, which are challenging to solve despite the existent numerical and symbolic computational software programs available. Ideas from the transformation theory are adopted allowing one to solve the problems under consideration from a non-traditional perspective. First, the Cauchy initial value problem is considered for a class of nonautonomous and inhomogeneous linear diffusion-type equation on the entire real line. Explicit transformations are used to reduce the equations under study to their corresponding standard forms emphasizing on natural relations with certain Riccati(and/or Ermakov)-type systems. These relations give solvability results for the Cauchy problem of the parabolic equation considered. The superposition principle allows to solve formally this problem from an unconventional point of view. An eigenfunction expansion approach is also considered for this general evolution equation. Examples considered to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed solution methods include the Fokker-Planck equation, the Black-Scholes model and the one-factor Gaussian Hull-White model. The results obtained in the first part are used to solve the Cauchy initial value problem for certain inhomogeneous Burgers-type equation. The connection between linear (the Diffusion-type) and nonlinear (Burgers-type) parabolic equations is stress in order to establish a strong commutative relation. Traveling wave solutions of a nonautonomous Burgers equation are also investigated. Finally, it is constructed explicitly the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states for quantum harmonic oscillators. They are derived by the action of corresponding maximal kinematical invariance group on the standard ground state solution. It is shown that the product of the variances attains the required minimum value only at the instances that one variance is a minimum and the other is a maximum, when the squeezing of one of the variances occurs. Such explicit construction is possible due to the relation between the diffusion-type equation studied in the first part and the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. A modication of the radiation field operators for squeezed photons in a perfect cavity is also suggested with the help of a nonstandard solution of Heisenberg's equation of motion. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Applied Mathematics for the Life and Social Sciences 2013