Satisfactory public transportation (PT) should enable people to reach attractive destinations and desired activities fast, comfortably, safely, and affordably. When PT fails to do so it will have negative effects on the overall accessibility in a society. Evaluating a PT system essentially means measuring to what extent the demand from the users is met, and for such an analysis understanding the concept of accessibility is paramount. Whether an individual will experience a high or a low level of accessibility will likely depend on their personal capabilities, as well as on the surrounding environment. Barriers obstructing an individual from using PT could for example be of physical of phycological nature or come in the shape of public space management disproportionally favoring certain groups of society. Low accessibility can thus be linked to social exclusion, since when a person cannot reach important destinations, their chances to participate in society will be subdued. To measure the accessibility of a PT system, and how a PT system affects the overall accessibility of a destination, it is common practice to use indicators that can represent different categories of social exclusion. This approach was the basis for constructing the performance measurement tool called Bus Stop Ranking Algorithm (BSRA) which was created in the QGIS application Graphical Modeler. BSRA calculates the usefulness of bus stops by counting the number of vulnerable groups, the number of workplaces, and the total population within comfortable walking distance from bus stops, as well as comparing travel times by car and bicycle from residential areas to important locations. The tool was ordered by a private PT company which will use it to make decisions regarding e.g., creating new bus stops, or for relocating, removing, or redesigning existing bus stops or bus routes. The Swedish municipality Lidingö was used as the study area to demonstrate how to use BSRA and how to interpret its output. Using equal weights for all indicators, it was discovered that 9 bus stops in the southern part of Lidingö could be regarded as particularly useful compared to the other 207 bus stops in the municipality. Variables such as the space-temporal component, i.e., changes during the day were not used. Socio economic factors such as segregation were also not highlighted, since all indicators had the same effect on the total scores. Adjusting the weights for some indicators could expose underlying dynamics affecting the total scores for the bus stops and help the PT company make design changes where they will be needed the most.

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El objetivo de cada ciudad, en lo referente a la movilidad y transporte, es lograr un SIT (Sistema Integrado de Transporte). Actualmente, la ciudad de Lima se encuentra en una etapa de desarrollo con el objetivo de integrar diferentes medios de transporte tales como líneas de metro, metropolitano y corredores. Sin embargo, estos aún no logran funcionar como un solo sistema, por el contrario, cada uno funciona de manera independiente ya sea en sus tarifas y medios de pago, infraestructura y localización de paraderos. Esta situación conlleva a que los usuarios del transporte público, que requieren realizar transbordos, creen sus propias interconexiones como alternativa de optimización del tiempo promedio de recorrido para suplir las necesidades que aún no puede satisfacer el actual SIT. De esta manera, muchas personas crean patrones de transbordo que ponen en riesgo su seguridad pero que mediante un rediseño de los paraderos con enfoque intercambiador pueden impulsar a que los transbordos se realicen de manera eficiente. En el presente trabajo se analizará la intersección de las Avenidas Brasil y Bolívar, ubicada en una zona comercial, mediante la simulación del modelo actual, calibrado y validado. Posteriormente, se propone una redistribución de espacios designados para paraderos y peatonales, además de una gestión de facilidades de intercambio, que reduzca el tiempo de realización de transbordos en un 15%. / The objective of every city, with respect to mobility and transport, is to achieve an Integrated Transport System. Nowadays, the city of Lima is in a stage of development with the objective of integrate different means of transport such as metro lines, bus-metro and fast lane buses. However, these means cannot work as an only whole system, on the contrary, each of them works in an independent way regarding to their payment rates, infrastructure and locations of bus stops. This situation motivates the users of public transport to create their own interconnections as an alternative to reduce the average time of travel to supply the needs that haven't been satisfied by the actual Integrated Transport System. In this way, many users create patterns of pedestrian transfer that risk their security. Nevertheless, through a redesign of the bus stops with an intermodal view the vehicle transfer process can be improved to be practiced in a more efficient way. This thesis will analyze the intersection of Brazil and Bolivar Avenues, located in a commercial area, by simulating the current model, being calibrated and validated. Subsequently, it proposes a redistribution of designated spaces for whereabouts and pedestrians, in addition to a management of exchange facilities, which reduces the time of pedestrian transfer by 15%. / Tesis

The aim of the diploma thesis is to create conditions for safe and continuous transit through the local road II / 368 Moravská Třebová. The thesis deals with the new design of the broad layout of the communication, the creation of a safe transfer of cyclists, the modification of all existing crossroads and the creation of new platforms for bus stops. Additionally, existing paved surfaces in the associated space of the local road are modified.

MURP / Department of Urban and Regional Planning / This study focuses on the evaluation of intelligent transport systems making use of the BRT-Rea-vaya in Johannesburg as a case study. This study was motivated by the observation that few studies have been conducted in the study area that tackle explicitly intelligent transport systems evaluation. Intelligent transport systems can assist in improving private and public transportation systems and operations performance. In the public sector where various modes of transport such as the taxi, metro bus, metro rail, Gautrain and the BRT Rea-vaya operates, intelligent transport systems present opportunities for improving Level of Service (LOS) delivery. In Johannesburg, the BRT Rea vaya system was adopted by the Johannesburg metropolitan municipality to provide a safe, reliable, efficient and accessible public transport system. The BRT Rea vaya system is aimed at providing a better public transport, operating systems and service. For the BRT Rea vaya systems to achieve its primary goals and objectives, an intelligent transport system was incorporated to better manage the BRT Rea-vaya systems operations and activities. The study disclosed the status quo, opinions and attitudes of commuters regarding their experiences with the BRT Rea vaya public transport systems in Johannesburg. Furthermore, the study investigated whether the original objectives and aims of intelligent transport system in the BRT Rea-vaya have been meet. A central theme of the investigation is seeking to understand constraints and opportunities regarding BRT Rea-vaya intelligent transport systems‘ operations and activities in Johannesburg. The use of primary and secondary data such as questionnaires, key informant interviews, observation, journals and previous researches related to intelligent transport systems were used to acquire an in-depth understanding of the operational management of BRT Rea-vaya intelligent transport system. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with the aid of Microsoft Excel making use of descriptive statistics, regression analysis, cross tabulation and chi-square test. This was presented using tables, graphs, maps etc. Qualitative data was analyzed making use of a thematic approach. The study resonates in the need for rapid public transport systems to provide lessons for improving and adopting intelligent transport systems. As an end product, the research provided a framework of analysis on how to integrate intelligent transport systems in the context of Bus rapid transit systems.