Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of globalisation has been widely publicised and studied over the last few years, specifically in the automotive industry where mergers, acquisitions and take-overs have set the trend for companies to become more involved in global operations. Even though this is such a widely studied subject internationally, there are significant differences between the international processes and the processes that the South African automotive industry will follow to become part of the global village. This is the result of the development of the automotive industry in South Africa during the isolation years. During the isolation period the international automotive industry underwent significant global changes owing to aggressive merger, acquisition and takeover activities. These activities were specifically aimed at positioning international manufacturers in new global markets, where they would become involved in the manufacturing of products in these new markets and then reselling them in their traditional markets, as well as opening these new markets for their traditional products. The isolation period also resulted in the South African market developing a strong and reliable supplier base to sustain the automotive manufacturers that elected to continue their operations in this country. An extensive literature study on globalisation is followed by a discussion of industry forces that will have a significant impact on the processes, procedures and strategies that a company will have to develop when it considers becoming global. The main focus of the literature study is the globalisation process and successful strategies to follow in order to become global. The rest of the study focuses on the internal and external influences and the internal struggles relating to a South African manufacturer that became part of its larger international namesake. The literature study acts as a guideline for the rest of the study. Some of the processes described and investigated in the literature study were not necessarily followed by the car manufacturer during its entrance into the global village, but did influence the strategies that the manufacturer established in order to be successful during this process. The study concluded on the ever-changing environment of the global village and the effects it has on the participants that are part of this environment. It gave specific attention to the success factors in the international automotive industry. In the recommendations a brief description is given of the future trends that a company would have to consider in order to remain in the global village. The focus is on e-commerce, management, strategy, supplier development and products. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van globalisering het in die verlede wye aandag getrek, spesifiek in die motorbedryf waar samesmeltings, uitkopings en oornames die tendens stel. Alhoewel dit 'n baie breë studie is, is daar noemenswaardige verskille tussen 'n maatskappy wat van nuuts af wil globaliseer en dié van 'n Suid-Afrikaanse motor vervaardiger wat 'n internationale moedermaatskappy het. Dit is hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die jare waartydens Suid-Afrika in isolasie verkeer het. Tydens die isolasie jare het die internasionale bedryf globaal verskeie veranderinge ondergaan as gevolg van agressiewe samesmeltings en oorname aktiwiteite. Hierdie aktiwiteite was spesifiek daarop gemik om die maatskappye beter globaal to posisioneer sodat beter produk verspreiding en produksie kan plaasvind. Die Suid-Afrikaanse mark het gedurende die tydperk meer daarop gekonsentreer om 'n beter verskaffer basis te ontwikkel om die plaaslike mark te bevredig. 'n Uitgebreide literatuurstudie, fokus op suksesvolle globaliserings beginsels wat ondersoek moet word voordat 'n maatskappy dit kan oorweeg om deel van die globale netwerk te word. Die literatuurstudie word gevolg deur 'n studie oor industrie spesifieke eksterne- en interne invloede, wat 'n impak sal hê op die ontwikkeling van globale prosesse vir 'n Suid-Afrikaanse motorvervaardiger. Die literatuurstudie word as 'n riglyn gebruik vir die res van die studie. AI die prosesse in die literatuurstudie word nie noodwendig deur die gekose vervaardiger gebruik nie, maar kan 'n invloed uitoefen op die besluite wat deur die vervaardiger gemaak word. Die gevolgtrekking skenk aandag aan die suksesfaktore wat die toekoms van die Suid-Afrilaanse vervaardiger in die globale samelewing sal bepaal. Die aanbevelings konsentreer op die aanhoudende veranderinge, tegnologies en nie-tegnologies, wat in die globale samelewing plaasvind. Daar word kortliks beskryf hoe die vervaardiger die veranderinge tot sy voordeel kan gebruik. Die velde van verandering waarop gekonsentreer word is "ecommerce", bestuur, strategie, verskaffer ontwikkeling en produk ontwikkeling.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the emergence of the Internet in the early 1990's, traditional principles of building brand equity, as they were applied in physical markets, were challenged. This happened because brands were traditionally built using passive media such as radio, television and print magazines and newspapers. The Internet introduced interactive media where the consumer is not only highly informed because of the exponential expansion of technology especially on the Internet, but also because the consumer could now choose to be a participant, or not, in marketing and brand building initiatives. Theoretically, it is possible to establish certain principles to build brands in virtual markets. The best solution is however to look at past studies of different companies that present various challenges that relate directly to the Internet and its brand building initiatives, and then combine this practical knowledge with a theoretical background. In the case studies, eight success drivers were identified as being crucial to build a brand firstly in a virtual market, but also secondly in physical markets. The success drivers that were implemented by companies that managed to build strong brands on the Internet include: using a multimedia mixture to differentiate and build the brand; focusing on supreme customer commitment: entering into distribution and content alliances; moving first, fast and keeping up the pace; developing intimate customer and market knowledge; building a reputation for excellence; delivering outstanding value and in respect of cross-over marketers, respecting core brand attributes, improving on the offline brand experience online and leveraging key offline assets in favour of the online brand. Brand building on the Internet, should be clear, consistent and reflecting leadership not only in the implementation of the above success drivers, but also in respect of the overall construction of the brand. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die bekendstelling van die Internet in die vroeë negentiger jare, is die tradisionele beginsels van "brand building" soos toegepas in tradisionele markte bevraagteken. Dit het gebeur omrede "brands" tradisioneel gebou was deur passiewe media soos radio, televisie, tydskrifte en koerante te gebruik. Die Internet het nie net interaktiewe media bekend gestel waar die kliënt oor baie inligting beskik as gevolg van die eksponensiële uitbreiding van tegnologie op die Internet nie, maar ook het die kliënt nou die keuse om deel te neem of nie aan bemarkings en "brand building" insentiewe. Dit is moontlik om deur middel van 'n teoretiese studie sekere beginsels vas te stel ten opsigte van hoe "brands" gebou moet word op die Internet. Die beste oplossing is egter om na gevallestudies te kyk wat betrekking het op 'n paar maatskappye wat 'n verskeidenheid van uitdagings daarstel wat direk van toepassing is op "branding" insentiewe op die Internet. Die kennis verkry van die gevallestudies kan dan gekombineer word met die teoretiese kennis om 'n raamwerk daar te stel vir "branding" op die Internet. Die gevallestudies het agt sukses drywers geïdentifiseer wat krities is vir die ontwikkeling van "brand building" insentiewe in fisiese markte sowel as markte op die Internet. Die sukses drywers deur die maatskapye geïmplimenteer wat sterk "brands" of die Internet gebou het, sluit in: die gebruik van 'n multimedia mengsel om die "brand" te differensïeer en te bou; konsentrasie op uitstekende ktïente diens; sluit van verspreidings en inhouds vennootskappe, om eerste in die mark te wees en aan te hou beweeg; ontwikkel intieme klïente en mark kennis; bou 'n uitstekende reputasie; lewer uitstaande waarde en ten opsige van oorbruggings bemarkers, respekteer die basis van die "brand", verbeter die Internet "brand" se ervaring in vergelyking met die fisiese "brand" en gebruik die bates van die fisiese "brand" ten gunste van die Internet "brand". Die bou van 'n "brand" moet eenvouding, deursigtig en konstant wees sowel as leierseienskappe toon wat nie net betrekking het op die bogemelde sukses drywers nie, maar ook op die algehele "brand" projeksie en implimentasie.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Africa Centre for Investment Analysis (AClA) at the University of Stellenbosch is undertaking the creation and maintaining of a capital markets database on historical financial and market data of all companies listed on various African stock exchanges (excluding South Africa). This study report aims at establishing a user's guide for the Centre's financial statement database in anticipation that the database will become a comprehensive source of vital market and financial information for investors in Africa. The guide describes the common format that was created so that African companies can be easily compared. The guide clarifies the standardised coding system that was created so that future users are able to access relevant data, and attempts to facilitate the ease of maintaining and developing the database. Some of the coding described in the guide is not original, since an adequate coding system is already available and in use at the Centre, but forms part of this study project since no formal or documented guide to its operation and implementation is available. The guide describes the classification and coding system used for the various countries, industries and companies on the Centre's database. The industry classification system that was developed is not as comprehensive as the global industry classification standard that it is based on, but is adequate to fairly describe the core activities of African companies. The guide introduces the standardised financial statement templates that are (to be) used on the Centre's database, and also describes the individual line items on these. The templates created are such that the annual financial statements of African companies, in conformity with international generally accepted accounting practice, fairly present the state of affairs of the African companies and their businesses. Templates for balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements for the companies have been created. The value of the information on the database is based on the soundness of the data reported in the African company's annual reports, and the interpretation of these when being captured onto the database. The definitions listed in this study report serve merely as a guideline to compensate for the differing accounting rules and practices that exist between countries. Not all listed African companies are recorded on the database. This is because the Centre relies on the contribution of data (like annual financial reports) from African stock exchanges, stockbrokers and the individual companies themselves. The importance of encouraging all African stakeholders to contribute as much information as possible, in order to ensure that comparable data is collected, is vital to the successful development and use of the database. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrikasentrum vir Beleggingsontleding aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch is besig met die daarstelling en instandhouding van 'n databasis van kapitaalmarkte van historiese finansiële- en markinligting van alle maatskappye op verskeie Afrika effektebeurse (Suid-Afrika uitgesluit). Hierdie ondersoekverslag beoog om 'n gebruikersgids saam te stel vir die sentrum se finansiële databasis met die verwagting dat die databasis 'n omvattende bron van mark- en finansiële inligting vir beleggers in Afrika sal word. Die gids verklaar voorts ook die gestandaardiseerde kodestelsel wat ontwikkel was om toekomstige gebruikers toegang tot relevante data te gee. Die gids poog ook om die instandhouding en verdere ontwikkeling van die databasis te vergemaklik. Sommige van die kodefisering wat in die gids beskryf word, is nie oorspronklik nie aangesien 'n voldoende kodestelsel reeds beskikbaar en in gebruik is in die sentrum. Dit vorm egter deel van hierdie studieprojek aangesien geen formele of gedokumenteerde gids vir die databasis se gebruik en implementering beskikbaar is nie. Die gids beskryf die klassifikasie en kodestelsel vir die verskeie lande, industrieë en maatskappye wat op die sentrum se databasis gebruik word. Die klassifikasiestelsel vir industrieë wat ontwikkel is, is nie so omvattend soos die globale industrieklassifikasiestandaard waarop dit gebaseer is nie, maar dit is genoegsaam om 'n redelike beskrywing van die kernaktiwiteite van Afrika se maatskappye te gee. Die gids stel die gestandaardiseerde finansiële patroon wat op die sentrum se databasis gebruik word (en gebruik sal word) bekend en dit beskryf ook die individuele lynitems daarop. Die patrone wat sodanig geskep word gee 'n redelike beeld van die jaarlikse finansiële state van Afrika se maatskappye in ooreenstemming met internasionale algemene aanvaarde boekhoupraktyke. Patrone vir balansstate, inkomstestate en kontantvloeistate vir die maatskappye is geskep. Die waarde van die inligting op die databasis is gebaseer op die egtheid van die data beskikbaar in die Afrikamaatskappye se jaarverslae en die interpretasie daarvan wanneer dit op die datastelsel vasgelê word. Die definisies wat in die studieverslag voorkom, dien slegs as 'n handleiding om te vergoed vir die verskille in boekhoureëls- en gebruike wat in verskillende lande bestaan. Alle Afrikalande wat op die effektebeurs is, is nie ingesluit op die databasis nie aangesien die sentrum op die verskaffing van inligting op Afrika se effektebeurse, makelaars en individuele maatskappye aangewese is. Die belangrikheid om alle Afrika rolspelers aan te moedig om soveel inligting as moontlik by te dra, is deurslaggewend tot die suksesvolle ontwikkeling en gebruik van die databasis.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This document investigates the development of an e-commerce strategy for Trentyre (Pty) Ltd. After a brief overview of the history and technological foundation for the Internet, three methods of e-commerce strategy development are discussed. These three methods deal with the traditional model of strategy development, the Four Stage model as well as the ICDT model, as proposed by Angehm. The principles of the models discussed are then applied in the development of an ecommerce strategy for Trentyre (Pty) Ltd. As one of the recommendations, the development of a "Tyre Valet Service" is discussed in detail. A viability analysis of this business model is undertaken where financial aspects regarding proposed cash flow and income are analysed. The impact of business to business e-commerce on the Trentyre (Pty) Ltd business model is also discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument ondersoek die ontwikkeling van 'n e-handel strategie vir Trentyre (Edms.) Bpk. Nadat daar 'n kort oorsig gedoen is van die geskiedenis en tegnologie waarop die Internet berus, word drie metodes van e-handel strategie ontwikkeling bespreek. Die drie metodes behels die tradisionele metode van strategie ontwikkelling, die vier fase model, asook die ICDT model, soos voorgestel deur Angehrn. Die metodiek van bogenoemde modelle word dan toegepas in die ontwikkeling van 'n strategie spesifiek vir Trentyre (Edms) Bpk.. As een van die voorstelle wat blyk uit die strategie, is die ontwikkeling van 'n besigheid tot kliënt model, die sogenaamde "Tyre Valet Service". 'n Gedetaileerde lewensvatbaarheids model is ontwikkel, waar verskeie aspekte van die voorstel aangespreek word, insluitende vooruitskattings van kontantvloei en inkomstestate. Daar word ook gekyk na die impak van besigheid tot besigheid e-handel op Trentyre (Edms.)Bpk.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A business cannot exist without a customer. The most important aspect of any business is understanding its customers' needs. For a business to succeed in highly competitive markets, it must supply products an~ services which satisfy its customers needs and wants. Supplier firms must continually examine, reinforce and personalise customer relationships. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) focuses on providing solutions which brings together information and people across the client and service provider spectrum using computer technologies, especially the Internet. The growing demand for electronic interactions between customers and suppliers has led to the rapid development of CRM. Although e-Commerce is expected to become the norm in business activities, people-to-people interactions will, however, be most important in providing exceptional customer service and satisfaction. In future, however, business will be defined more by their relationships with their clients than by their products. Good customer relationships and customer satisfaction are directly related to increased profits. Satisfaction is generally conceptualised as an attitude-like judgement following a purchase act. Conformation or disconformation of pre-consumption product standards is the essential determinant of satisfaction. A number of models have been developed to enhance the understanding of satisfaction and to predict if a product or service will meet or exceed customer expectations. As a result of the many different attributes that contribute to customer satisfaction, models to predict customer satisfaction were often too simplistic to provide a comprehensive overview of all determinants that exert an influence <Incustomer satisfaction. It is, however, recognised that the customer is the key factor in delivering sustained and profitable growth. The rapid development of Information Technology (IT) has therefore been a major factor driving the rapid progress of CRM, which focuses on understanding the drivers of current and future customer profitability, and using this understanding to influence the allocation of resources across all areas that affect customer relationships. In future, CRM will have a profound impact on how business is conducted by enabling suppliers to reach their customers with products and services faster and more efficiently. However, the conventional principals including, product, pnce, distribution and promotion used for developing a marketing strategy still apply and are all part of the CRM process. The aim of the study project was to identify critical success factors (CSF's) for determining customer satisfaction in the interior and exterior plantscaping industries. Thereafter, The Office Plant (TOP) and Real Landscapes (RL) were evaluated in terms of meeting client expectations for interior and exterior plantscaping products and services respectively. Salient aspects of the research findings showed that people who worked in office environments thought that plants were essential factors III improving the quality of the workplace; customers outsoureed plantscaping services to reduce the "worry factor" associated with maintaining plants and gardens; that customers receive value for money from their respective plantscaping contractors; and that the most important criteria for selecting a plantscaper contractor included "price and value for money for the service" and "good quality service". Of 22 service-related attributes that were rated by customers, 20 were found to be statistically equally important and were classified as CSF's. In terms of ranking, the most important attribute was "honest and professional in their business dealings". Thereafter, "timely response to requests", "cleanliness of plants", "provide delivery on time" and "using well informed and trained staff', were included in the highest five scoring attributes. Overall results showed that none of the seven interior plantscapers identified in the survey equaled or exceeded customer expectations in terms of service. For exterior plantscaping services, Plants @ Work were the only contractors, which met customer expectations, of six firms identified in the survey. Plants @ Work were identified as the best service provides for both interior and exterior plantscaping services. For interior plantscaping services, TOP's results were not significantly different from Plants @ Work. However, RL's results were significantly lower than Plants @ Work for exterior plantscaping services. To improve service levels to meet customer expectations, TOP and RL must develop and implement strategies to deliver service on time with comprehensive first time delivery completion, fix problems no matter what and handle administrative problems on invoicing more effectively. TOP and RL must create customer value by delivering "a customer experience" with each encounter. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Besigheid kan nie sonder kliënte bestaan nie. Die mees belangrike aspek van enigge besigheid is om sy kliënt se behoeftes te verstaan. Vir 'n besigheid om te oorleef in hoogs mededingende markte, moet dit produkte en dienste lewer wat aan die kliënt se behoefstes voorsien. Verskafferfirmas moet deurgans kliëntverhoudinge ondersoek, ondersteun en verpersoonlik. Kliëntverhoudingbestuur fokus op die verskaffing van oplossings wat inligting en mense dwarsoor die kliënt en diensverskafferspektrum verenig deur middel van rekenaartegnologie. Veral met die internet, het die groeiende behoefte vir elektroniese interaksie tussen kliënte en verskaffers gelei tot die vinnige ontwikkeling van kliëntverhoudingbestuur. Alhoewel verwag word dat e-handel die rigsnoer sal word in besigheid, sal mense-tot-mense interaksie egter mees belangrik bly in die verskaffing van uitstaande kliëntediens en bevrediging. Besighede sal dus gedefinieer word meer deur hulle verhouding met kliënte as deur hulle produkte. Daar is bevind dat goeie kliëntverhoudinge en kliëntbevrediging regstreeks verband hou met meer wins. Bevrediging word in die algemeen beskou as 'n benadering-tipe oordeel wat volg op 'n aankoopaksie. Bevestiging of ontkenning van voor-gebruik produkstandaarde is die noodsaaklike beslissende faktor van bevrediging. 'n Aantal modelle is ontwikkel om bevrediging beter te verstaan en te voorspel of 'n produk of diens kliëntverwagtinge bevredig of oortref. As gevolg van die menige verskillende einskappe wat bydra tot kliëntbevrediging, was modelle wat kliëntbevrediging voorspel dikwels te eenvoudig om 'n vattieende oorsig van alle beslissende faktore wat 'n invloed op kliëntbevrediging uitoefen, weer te gee. Dit word, nogtans, erken dat die klient die sleutelfiguur is in die lewering van voortdurende en winsgewinde groei. Die vinninge ontwikkeling van die Inligting Tegnologie (IT) is dus 'n vername faktor wat strukrag verleen aan die vinnige ontwikkeling van kliëntverhoudingbestuur, wat fokus op begrip vir die dryfkrag agter huidiger en toekomstige kliëntwinsgewindheid, en hierdie insig te gebruik om toewysing van hulpbronne dwarsoor alle spektrums wat kliëntverhoudings beïnvloed. In die toekoms sal kliëntverhoudingsbestuur 'n diepgaande invloed hê op die manier waarop besigheid gedoen word deur verskaffers in staat te stel om hulle kliënte vinniger en meer effektief te bereik met produkte en dienste. Nietemin, die konvensionele bemarkingsbeginsels wat produk, prys, verspreiding en reklame insluit en gebruik word om 'n bemarkingstrategie te ontwikkel, geld steeds, en is alles deel van die kliëntverhoudingbestuurproses. Die doel van die studieprojek was om die kritiese sukses faktore (KSF) te identifiseer wat kliëntbevrediging in die binne en buitemuurse plantuitlegindustrië bepaal. Daarna was The Office Plant (TOP) en Real Landscapes (RL) geevalueer in terme van kliëntverwagtinge met betrekking tot binne en buite produkte en dienste onderskeidelik. Opvallende aspekte van die navorsing se bevindinge het gewys dat mense wat in 'n kantooromgewing werk, gedink het dat plante noodsaaklike faktore was in die verbetering van die werkplek; kliënte het plantuitlegdienste uitgekontrakteer om die 'kommerfaktor' wat geassosieer word met die instandhouding van plante en tuine te verminder; dat kliënte waarde vir geld kry van hulle plantuitlegkontrakteurs onderskeidelik en dat die mees belangrike maatstaf vir die keuse van 'n plantuitlegkontrakteur "prys en waarde vir geld vir die diens" en "goei kwaliteit diens' insluit. Van 22 diensverwante eienskappe wat deur kliënte geëvalueer is, is bevind dat 20 statisties ewe belangrik was, en is geklassifiseer as KSF. In terme van rangskikking was die mees belangrikke eienskap "eerlik en professioneel in hulle sakeondernemings". Daarna volg "fink reaksie op versoeke", "netheid van plante", "stiptelike leweringsdiens", en "goed ingeligte en opgeleide personeel" onder die vyf hoogs aangeskrewe eienskappe. Algehele resultate het getoon dat geeneen van die sewe binnemuurse plantuitleërs wat in die opname geidentifiseer is, kliëntverwagtings in terme van diens geewenaar of oortref het nie. Vir buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste was Plants @ Work die enigste van ses firmas wat geïdentifiseer is in die opname, wat aan kliëntverwagtings voldoen het. Plant @ Work is geïdentifiseer as die beste diensleweraar vir beide binnemuurse en buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste. Vir binnemuurse plantuitlegdienste, was TOP se resultate nie beduidend anders as Plants @ Work s'n nie. RL se resultate was nietemin beduidend laer as Plants @ Work vir buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste. Om diensvlakke te verbeter om kliëntverwagtinge te bevredig, moet TOP en RL strategieë ontwikkel en verwesenlik om stiptelike diens te lewer met omvattende eerste keer aflewering wat volledig is. Probleme moet opgelos word ongeag wat, en administratiewe probleme in verband met fakturering moet effektief hanteer word. TOP en RL moet kliëntwaarde skep deur 'n kliëntervaring" met elke ontmoeting.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Republic of Namibia gained its independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990. The divided economic sector between modem European orientated and the underdeveloped African sector places major challenges on the government, the business sector and on the population itself. Vast differences exist between income, educational level, and living conditions and life expectations. The economy can be described as stable. Mining, fishing and agriculture are the main contributors to the economy. Currently the government maintains a budget deficit of 23.5% of the Gross Domestic Product. The economic policy can be described as open and democratic. Exchange rates and interest rates are market-determined. The comparatively high Gini - Coefficient of 0,7%, an unemployment rate of 34% and the decrease of the life expectancy rate are major challenges faced by the government of the day. Since independence Namibia has become a member of many regional and world organisations. These organisations support Namibia in various development projects, which will contribute t a stable economy. The composition of the Namibian population together with the size of the country and its various natural resources makes Namibia not very attractive for major manufacturers or industrialisation. Therefore the development of Small Macro and Medium Enterprises are of utmost importance. Namibia has developed a sophisticated financial sector, compared to other African countries. The Namibian Stock Exchange was established during 1992 and has developed into the second largest stock exchange in Africa. Treasury Bills and Government Bonds have been introduced as investment tools. Various state-supported institutions have been founded to support economic development. The Ministry of Trade and Industry implemented various tax incentives to attract foreign and local investments. However these measures have not had the expected effect. Namibia can learn few things from Mauritius, which has had basically the same historical development and economic composition. To ensure future investments in Namibia the government should consider the implementation of an investment tax, the implementation of an Unemployment Insurance Fund, and the support of unemployed people. The effect of HIV/AIDS will have a major impact on the economy of the country. The regional development will have a major effect on the national economy. The Southern African Development Community should create a regional currency, a standard economic and political structure and a free trade area. Such a regional development will have a positive effect on all national economies. Namibia has enough investment opportunities for national and foreign investors. Political and economical stability has to be maintained to ensure continuous future support of the investors. To fight poverty additional steps have to be taken so that within 20 years poverty in Namibia is not an issue anymore. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Republiek van Namibië het op 21 Maart 1990 onafhanklik geword. Die groot ekonomiese verskille tussen moderne Europese en ander ontwikkelde Afrikaanse sektore plaas die regering, die besigheids sektor en die inwoners voor 'n groot uitdaging. Groot verskille bestaan tussen inkomste, opvoeding, lewens omstandighede en verwagte lewensduur. Die ekonomie kan as stabiel beskryf word. Huidiglik handhaaf die regering 'n begrotingstekort van 23.5% van die Nasionale Bruto Binnelandse Produk. Die ekonomiese beleid kan as demokraties en oop beskryf word. Die wisselkoerse en rentekoerse word deur die mark bepaal. Die relatief hoë Gini koefisiënt van 0.7%, 'n werkloosheidspersentasie van 34% en 'n daling in die verwagte lewensduur stel die regering voor 'n groot uitdaging. Sedert onafhanklikheid het Namibië lid geword van talle streeks- en werêld organisasies. Hierdie organisasies ondersteun Namibië in verskillende ontwikkelingsprojekte, wat 'n stabiele ekonomie tot gevolg sal hê. Die samestelling van die bevolking van Namibië en die grootte van die land tesame met die natuurlike hulpbronne maak dit aanloklik vir groot fabrieke en industrieë. Die ontwikkeling van mikro en klein besighede is dus uiters belangrik. Namibië het 'n gesofistukeerde finansiële sektor in vergelyking met ander Afrika lande ontwikkel. Die Namibiese effektebeurs is 1992 in die lewe geroep en het tot die tweede grootste effektebeurs in Afrika ontwikkel. Skatkis briewe en regerings skuldbriewe is ingevoer as beleggings moontlikhede. Verskillende regerings en ondersteunende instansies het onstaan om ekonomiese ontwikkelling te bevorder. Die Ministerie van Handel en Ontwikkeling het verskillende belasting voordele geskep om buitelandse beleggers te trek. Tot op die huidige dag het hierdie voordele nie die gewensde effek gehad nie. Namibië kan baie van Mauritius leer, wat basies dieselfde historiese ontwikkeling gehad het en dieselfde ekonomiese samestelling het. Om toekomstige ontwikkeling te verseker, behoort die regering die implementering van 'n beleggersbelasting te oorweeg, sowel as 'n werkloosheidsversekeringsfonds om werklose mense te help ondersteun. Die effek van MIV/VIGS sal 'n groot uitwerking hê op die ekonomie van die land. Streeksontwikkeling in Suider-Afrika sal 'n groot effek op die ontwikkelling van die nasionale ekonomie hê. Die Suid Afrikaanse Ontwikkelings Vereniging behoort een gesamentlike geldeenheid, 'n standaard ekonomiese en politieke beleid te hê om 'n vrye handelssone te implementeer. Die streeksontwikkeling sal 'n positiewe effek op alle nasionale ekonomieë hê. Namibië het genoeg beleggingsmoontlikhede vir nasionale en buitelandse ontwikkellaars. Politieke en ekonomiese stabiliteit behoort gehandhaaf te word om toekomstige steun van beleggers te waarborg. Om armoede te bekamp, moet addisionele stappe geneem word om te verseker dat dit oor 20 jaar geen probleem meer sal wees nie.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cape of Good Hope Bank limited is a subsidiary company of Nedcor Limited. The Bank was established in 1831, making it the oldest Financial Institution in South Africa. As a competitor within the financial services sector, the Bank has increasingly been faced with issues that include changing client needs, increased competition, and an ever increasing operating cost structure. The Treasury and Investments Division of the Bank, which is responsible for the funding side of the business, is primarily focussed on the receiving of deposits from the corporate and retail markets. The emphasis within this mini thesis, is within the retail sector, that of the investments received from 27000 individual clients serviced from 12 "Investment centers" geographically found within the Cape Peninsula. The activities within the Division are dynamic and require continuous change in order to remain competitive. The need to integrate activities and decision making across functional areas in order to gain synergy, has resulted in the use of matrix type teams that operate across functional units, using knowledge and expertise found therein. This approach has necessitated the introduction of the principles of project management as a methodology to implement the desired changes. The projects to date have had mediocre implementation, indifferent emphasis, no real ownership or vested interest, and a lack of follow through. The effect is compounded into a lack of delivery on expectations, and allows for wasted effort, time and at greater cost. In order to understand why the above issues are occurring, this mini thesis attempts to offer that there is an ideal "culture" within which project management operates successfully, and that the current culture of the division is different to the "ideal". The role of the leader, in shifting the culture closer to the ideal, is of paramount importance. It has been suggested that the style of the leaders need to be modified in order to become more effective as divisional change agents within the sphere of successful project management methodology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kaap die Goeie Hoop Bank is 'n filiaalmaatskappy van Nedkor Beperk. Die Bank is gestig in 1831 en is die langste-bestaande Bank in die land omdat dit in die kompiterende finansiële dienstesektor moet oorleef, is dit blootgestel aan veranderende kliëntbehoeftes, koste druk en 'n groeiende mededinging. Tesourie en Beleggings divisie van die Bank, wat veranwoorderlik is vir die befondsings funksie, fokus primêr op die aantrekking van deposito's uit die korporatiewe en persoonlike markte. Hierdie werkstuk lê klem op laasgenoemde waar beleggings van 27000 individuele kliente bedien word vanaf 12 beleggingsentra versprei oor die Kaapse Skiereiland. Die aktiviteite van die divisie is dinamies en vereis voortdurende verandering om tred te hou met markveranderinge. Die behoefte om besluitneming en aktiwiteite oor 'n aantal funksionele areas sinergisties te integreer, het daartoe gelei dat matriks struktuur oor funksionele grense opereer en gebruik maak van kennis en kundigheid. Hierdie benadering noodsaak die aanwending van gesonde projekbestuurbeginsels om die nodige veranderinge metodies aan te bring. Tot dusver het implementering middelmatige sukses gehad as gevolg van geen werklike eienaarskap of gevestige belange, onvoldoende en wisselende prioriteite. Die gevolg was onvoldoende lewering teenoor verwagtinge en vermorsing aan tyd en koste. Om 'n beter begrip te kry van hierdie "onvoldoende lewering teenoor verwagtinge", poog hierdie minitesis om te soek na die ideale "kultuur" waar binne projekbestuur suksesvol kan plaasvind deur die huidige kultuur van die divisie te konstrasteer met die "ideale". Die rol van die leier is van hoogste belang om die kultuurverskuiwing te laat plaasvind. Dit word voorgestel dat die bestuurstyl van die leierskap aangepas word om meer effektiefte word as divisie "veranderings agente" sodat projekbestuur metodologie in die proses sukses kan behaal.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recent enactment of the Competition Act 89 of 1998, has resulted in a world of speculation and discussion. The reason seems to be that the previously 'protected' monopolies who were allowed to continue with business without fear of retribution, have now been stopped in their tracks with the new legislation. South African legal application and protection has been rather one sided in previous years with specific reference to the protection of minorities. This was exasperated by the political and economical situation in South Africa in the eighties. Sanctions led to consolidation of companies and industries, because companies were not allowed to take money of the country. This had a negative result on the competitive situation and the little guys had to survive on the dregs. The new Act is based on the American anti-trust legislation as well as the competition law of the European Union. It is therefore of utmost importance to take note of this international law with specific reference to the interpretation of the Competition Act due to the fact that the Act is so recent. The Competition Act expressly provides for the use of foreign law in the interpretation of the Act. This project is not a comparative study between current competition legislation available in the world. It purports to be a more user friendly guide to business people to make the Act more useful and understandable. The project focuses on some helpful hints to assist the reader with interpretation and application. The project gives a short description of the development of competition legislation in South Africa in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is a discussion on the main sections of the Act that deal with prohibited practices, dominant position, mergers and remedies and enforcement. A few examples are given of uncompetitive behaviour. Chapter 4 deals with the helpful hints and illustrates thresholds as determined in section 11, with the help of diagrams, it also lists a few helpful references of handy resources. The project ends off with a short conclusion. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onlangse inwerkingtreding van die Wet op Mededinging 89 van 1998, het 'n wêreld van spekulasie en bespreking ontketen. Die rede hiervoor is dat die voorheen "beskermde monopolieë" tot op hede kon voortgaan met besigheid sonder stoornis, hierdie stuk wetgewing het hulle egter nou tot halt geroep. Suid-Afrikaanse regswerking en -beskerming was in die vorige jare van regering effens eensydig met betrekking tot beskerming van minderhede. Die verskynsel is aangehelp deur die politieke en ekonomiese situasie waarin SA homself bevind het in die tagtigerjare. Sanksies het gely tot konsolidasie van maatskappye en industrieë, aangesien firmas nie geld uit die land mag geneem het nie. Die resultaat hiervan was monopolieë en konglomerate. Hierdie verskynsel het negatief ingewerk op kompeterende ekonomiese toestande, en die "kleiner outjies" moes die krummels van die tafel af eet. Die nuwe stuk wetgewing is gebasseer op die Amerikaanse "anti-trust" wetgewing sowel as die kompetisie wetgewing van die Europese Unie. Dit is noodsaaklik om kennis te neem van hierdie Internasionale wetgewing, veral in terme van die interprestasie van die Wet op Mededinging, siende dat ons eie wetgwing baie resent is. Die Wet maak ook daarvoor voorsiening dat Internasionale reg in ag geneem moet word vir interpretasie van enige van die artikels van die Wet. Hierdie werkstuk is nie 'n vergelykende studie tussen die bestaande wetgewing wat in die wêreld beskikbaar is nie, maar poog om 'n meer gebruikers vriendelike gids te wees vir veral besigheidsmense om die Wet makliker bruikbaar en verstaanbaar te maak. Die studie fokus daarop om 'n opsommende beskrywing te gee van die Wet sowel as die formulering van bepaalde hulpmiddels om die leser van hulp te wees met interpretasie en toepassing. Die werkstuk gee 'n kort beskrywing van die ontwikkeling van Kompetisie wetgewing in Suid-Afrika in Hoofstuk 2. Hoofstuk 3 is 'n bespreking van die hoof artikels van die Wet wat handelaar beperkende praktyke, dominansie, samesmeltings en oornames, remedies en afdwinging. Daar volg ook 'n bespreking van 'n paar tipiese voorbeelde van onkompeterende praktyke. Hoofstuk 4 handel oor hulpmiddels en illustreer by wyse van diagramme, die drempels vir vasstelling van welke firma onderhewig is aan artikel 11, sowel as 'n paar verwysings van handige bronne. Die werkstuk sluit af met 'n kort gevolgtrekking.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is concerned with the analysis of the factors that contribute to the viabililty of the airline industry. The viability of the airline industry in Africa is the subject of debate amongst African airline executives, governments and potential investors. The debate is a complex one because of the lack of reliable financial data from the airlines themselves. Governments are still financing airlines and it is therefore difficult to assess and evaluate airline viability on the basis of available financial information. This study project describes the industry as a whole, assesses the current situation and identifies an airline statistic that is closely related to airline profitability. The macro economic factors, social and political factors set the framework for the industry. The current situation does not look positive for Africa at that level. African governments, executives and airline organisations are aware of the problems, but an approach to addressing them is still the subject of discussion. The critical success factors of an airline revolve around the management of the balance between revenues and costs. In this case, the load factor was found to be a critical variable. The role played by the load factor in profitability is modelled using correlation and regression techniques. It could be established from the USA data that high regulation distorts the relationship between the load factor and profit. However, when the industry is deregulated and market forces determine the product, price and demand, the load factor has been found to play an important role. A break-even load factor was computed using the statistical techniques. This was then used as a basis for analysis. Although Africa meets the break even load factor, the trend is not improving in line with the America and Europe. It is recommended that the African airline industry need to improve its viability by deregulation, privatisation, forming strategic alliances and product development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studiestuk behandel die oorsig van die faktore wat bydra tot die lewensvatbaarheid van die lugdiensbedryf in Afrika tans 'n onderwerp van bespreking tussen Afrika-Iugdiensverteenwoordigers, regerings en potensiele beleggers. Die debat word bemoelik as gevolg van die gebrek aan betroubare finansiële inligting van die lugdienste self. Meeste lugdienste in Afrika word deur regerings finansiel ondersteun en bedryf met die gevolg dat bedryfsresultate moeilik bekombaar is. Dit is dus moeilik om lugdienste se lewensvatbaarheid te bepaal as gevolg van die gebrekkige finansiele inligting. Hiedie studiestuk beskryf die lugdiensbedryf as 'n geheel, ontleed die huidige omstandighede en identifiseer lugdienstatistiek wat lugdienswinsgewendheid similleer. Die makro ekonomiese -, sosiale - en politiekefaktore wat die raamwerk vir die bedryf uitmaak, lyk op hierdie vlak nie positief vir Afrika nie. Regerings in Afrika, uitvoerende besture en lugdiens-organisasies is van hierdie probleem bewus, maar die aanspreeklikheid van hierdie probleem is steeds 'n onderwerp van bespreking. Die kritiese sukses faktore van 'n lugdiens rus om berus op die bestuur van 'n balans tussen inkomste en uitgawes. In hierdie geval is bevind dat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor die kritieke variant is. Die rol wat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor in winsgewingheidsmodelering speel, word deur korrelasie en regressie tegnieke weerspieël. Dit is uit Amerikaanse data vasgestel dat die mate van regulering van lugrederye in Afrika die verhouding tussen sitplekbesettings en wins, verwring. Sodra die bedryf gedereguleer word en markkragte die produk, prys en aanvraag bepaal, is bevind dat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor 'n meer verteenwordigende aanduiding van winsgewindheid weerspieel. Met die gebruik van statistiese tegnieke is 'n gelykbreek sitplekbesettingsyfer bepaal, wat hierdie grondslag van die analise is. Alhoewel lugrederye in Afrika die gelykbreek sitplekbesettingsyfer behaal, verskil dit van die verbeterende tendens in Amerika en Europa. Dit word aanbeveel dat die lugdiensbedryf in Afrika sy lewensvatbaarheid verbeter deur middel van deregulering, privatisering, vorming van strategiese bondgenootskappe, en die ontwikkeling van 'n beter produk.

Theses (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Dual lines of responsibility and authority that exist in the matrix structure's approach to project management lead to conflict and power struggles between project managers and functional managers with regards to personnel and resources. Most problems associated with the matrix structure have to do with the inability of the upper managers to work out the required power sharing in the organization. Responsibility can be defined as feeling obligated to perform assigned work, while authority is the power to apply resources to carry out the work. A common problem that arises as a result of the need to share power in the matrix organization is the responsibility - authority gap that project managers face, i.e. project managers charged with the responsibility of attaining ambitious goals often lack sufficient formal authority to meet them. It is accepted that authority should be commensurate with responsibility, but feedback suggests that general managers are often reluctant to assign sufficient formal power to project managers. The objectives of this research study are to, through study of literature, investigate the characteristics of matrix organizations that create the responsibility - authority gap and its implications on the organization in order to identify certain recommendations and tools that will assist management to address responsibility and authority issue. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die matriks organisasie stuktuur het dubbele lyne van verantwoordelikheid en autoriteit wat dikwels lei tot konflik en mags konflik tussen die projek en funksionele betuurders met betrekking tot personeel en hulpbronne. Meeste van die probleme wat gepaardgaan met die matriks struktuur spruit voort uit die onvermoee van top bestuur om die gewenste balans van magsdeling in die organisasie te bewerkstellig. Verantwoordelikheid kan gedefinieer word as die neiging om verplig te voel om toegedeelde werk te vervul, terwyl autoriteit die mag is om die werk te kan doen. 'n Algemene probleem wat voorkom as 'n gevolg van die nood om mag te deel in die matriks organisasie, is die verantwoordelikheids - autoriteits gaping. Projekbestuurders is dikwels toegedeel met die verantwoordelikheid om ambisiuese doelwitte van projekte te bereik terwyl hulle nie die nodige autoriteit toegedeel word om die doelwitte te bereik nie. Daar word dikwels gesê dat autoriteit verantwoordelikhied moet aanvul, maar terugvoering is dat algemene bestuurders dikwels nie genee is om genoegsame formele autoritiet aan projekbestuurders toe te staan nie. Die studie se doel is om, deur literatuur studie, die elemente van die matriks organisasie wat tot die verantwoordelikheid - autoriteits gaping lei, en die impak daarvan op die organisasie te ondersoek ten einde voorstelle en aanbevelings aan projek bestuurders en algemene bestuurders voor te lê wat hulle in staat sal stel om effektiewelik die probleem te kan bestuur