Desde os primórdios da historia o dinheiro vem mudando de forma. Nos próximos anos, as novas tecnologias e as mudanças sociais e econômicas podem fazer com que surjam novas formas de dinheiro e transações comerciais, mantendo-se a tendência de aumento do uso de meios de pagamento alternativos ao dinheiro vivo. Isso vem gerando transformações no ambiente organizacional. Essas transformações geram ameaças e oportunidades, e devem por essa razão serem levadas em conta pelos responsáveis pela construção de estratégias. A falta de acesso da população de baixa renda aos serviços financeiros prejudica o desenvolvimento econômico; por outro lado, as instituições financeiras não têm interesse em atender essa população através de canais convencionais, em função de ser desfavorável a relação retorno versus custos nesse tipo de atendimento. Em paralelo, vem se observando um rápido crescimento no uso de telefones celulares, sendo o acesso aos serviços financeiros através desses dispositivos uma ferramenta para superar a relação desfavorável à bancarização da população de baixa renda. Dado esse cenário, foi objetivo desta pesquisa gerar contribuições ao processo de construção de estratégias para a bancarização da população de baixa renda utilizando dispositivos móveis, permitindo às organizações interessadas aproveitarem as oportunidades e evitarem os riscos disto decorrentes. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta pesquisa iniciou-se com o estudo da bibliografia existente acerca da utilização de dispositivos móveis para a realização de operações financeiras, além de material cujo conhecimento foi julgado necessário para que se atingisse o objetivo proposto, especialmente literatura envolvendo construção de estratégias e inovação. A esse estudo, seguiu-se um estudo de campo envolvendo profissionais que atuam na área, e dirigentes de entidades que congregam empresas que serão afetadas pelas mudanças no ambiente organizacional. Este trabalho permitiu concluir que a utilização de dispositivos móveis pode ser uma ferramenta viável para a bancarização da população de baixa renda no Brasil e sugere estratégias para as organizações mais afetadas por este processo. O trabalho encerra-se com recomendações para a continuidade de estudos na área, em especial, o estudo dos modelos de negócio adotados para bancarização da população de baixa renda em países com características similares às do Brasil. / Currency has been changing since the beginning of history. Within the next few years, new technologies, as well as social and economic changes may lead to the development of new forms of money and commercial transactions, following the trend of growing use of alternative mediums of exchange other than cash. This has led to changes in the organizational environment. Such changes create both challenges and opportunities, which is the reason why they must be taken into account by those in charge of strategy-building. Lack of access of lower income segments of the population to the financial system hampers economic development; on the other hand, financial institutions are not interested in attracting that public to conventional services, because of the unfavorable relation between their costs and results. At the same time, there has been fast growth in the use of cell phones. Their use as a means to access financial services is one of the tools to overcome difficulties related to the bancarization of poor people. Given this scenario, the objective of this research is to contribute to the construction of strategies that allow organizations to seize opportunities and avoid risks associated with the bancarization of low income population through the use of mobile devices, particularly cell phones. From a methodological point of view, this research began with the study of existing bibliography related to the use of mobile devices in financial operations, as well as other sources that were deemed relevant to the proposed aims, especially literature on strategy-building and innovation. Following that first step, field studies were conducted with professionals from the related areas, as well as members of associations that include companies which will be affected by changes in the organizational environment. This study has led to the conclusion that the use of mobile devices can be a viable tool for the bancarization of lower income population in Brazil, and it suggests strategies for the companies most impacted by this process. This work also sets out recommendations for further study in this field, such as the study of business models for the bancarization of low income population of countries with conditions similar to those of Brazil.

A dissertação procura demonstrar a contribuição do Balanced Scorecard - BSC para o monitoramento da estratégia empresarial. Passando pela origem e evolução do sistema e o conceito segundo seus criadores Robert S. Kaplan e David P. Norton, que relatam que os sistemas de medição podem ser formados por um conjunto de indicadores que podem avaliar a eficiência e a eficácia do sistema medido. Esta ferramenta gerencial pode auxiliar a gestão estratégica sob quatro perspectivas: financeira, do cliente, dos processos internos da entidade e do aprendizado e crescimento, oferecendo um processo sistemático para implementar e obter feedback sobre a estratégia utilizada pela entidade, possibilitam ainda o estabelecimento de metas e o seu desdobramento para a análise crítica dos desempenhos, para a tomada de decisões e para o novo ciclo de planejamento onde as organizações realizarem mudanças em suas formas de gerenciar e funcionar através de indicadores desde que saibam escolher bem o que deve ser medido. / The dissertation seeks to demonstrate the contribution of the Balanced Scorecard - BSC for monitoring the business strategy. Through the origin and evolution of the system and the concept according to its creators Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, who reported that measurement systems can be formed by a set of indicators that can assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the system measured. This management tool can assist in strategic management from four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes and organization of learning and growth, providing a systematic process to implement and obtain feedback on the strategy used by the entity, yet allow the establishment of goals and its deployment to the critical analysis of performance, for making decisions and for the next planning cycle where organizations make changes in their ways to manage and operate through indicators since they know and choose what should be measured.

O estudo consiste na identificação de correlações entre as práticas desenvolvidas no suprimento, produção e distribuição com a estratégia das empresas. O objetivo é verificar se o alinhamento/desalinhamento entre as práticas de suprimento, produção e distribuição e a estratégia empresarial está associado com o desempenho das empresas industriais do setor metal-mecânico de Caxias do Sul. Para isso utilizou-se o modelo de estratégias genéricas de Porter (1989) - diferenciação, baixo custo, enfoque em diferenciação e enfoque em baixo custo, e o conceito de alinhamento baseado no desvio de perfil teórico, postulado por Venkatraman (1989). Foram construídos quatro perfis teóricos genéricos relacionando os atributos do suprimento, da produção e da distribuição com as quatro estratégias empresariais. A pesquisa foi conduzida através de uma survey no setor metal-mecânico de Caxias do Sul. O questionário utilizado para a coleta de dados ficou subdividido em sete partes, contendo ao todo 130 questões, que deram origem a 26 variáveis (independentes e dependentes do modelo) e quatro variáveis de caracterização geral das empresas. Foram realizados dois prétestes de compreensão verbal e dois pré-testes estatísticos para validação das escalas de medição e do questionário. Essas etapas foram realizadas com a utilização de análise fatorial exploratória e análise de confiabilidade das escalas através do alfa de Cronbach. A coleta de dados da pesquisa de campo se deu por telefone, através de respostas dadas pelos gerentes de produção ou pelos proprietários das empresas às perguntas do questionário. As respostas foram registradas em escalas de intensidade variando de um a cinco, onde um é a pior condição de resposta e cinco corresponde à resposta mais favorável. A amostra final ficou constituída em 400 empresas, onde 95% delas são de pequeno porte, no máximo 100 funcionários. As análises dos dados consistiram na utilização de técnicas de correlação, cálculo da distância euclidiana com base no perfil teórico das estratégias empresariais, obtenção do escore de alinhamento para esses quatro perfis teóricos e análise de clusters. As empresas da amostra ficaram classificadas em três clusters de estratégia: Baixo Custo, Enfoque em Diferenciação e Enfoque em Baixo Custo. Na análise de correlação entre os atributos do suprimento, produção e distribuição dentro de cada cluster de estratégia observou-se um maior número de correlações significantes no Cluster de Enfoque em Diferenciação. Entretanto, menos da metade revelaram-se coerentes com esta estratégia. O cluster que apresentou maior índice de alinhamento dessas práticas com a respectiva estratégia foi o de Enfoque em Baixo Custo. As análises de relação entre os alinhamentos e o desempenho das empresas revelaram que somente um alinhamento tende a proporcionar um melhor desempenho, que é aquele obtido do alinhamento do suprimento, produção e distribuição com a Estratégia de Enfoque em Baixo Custo. Os resultados mostraram que o alinhamento dessas práticas com as outras estratégias não tende a proporcionar um melhor desempenho para as empresas. Esse resultado é coerente com a população de estudo que está configurada em cadeias produtivas e em cadeias de suprimento. Dessa forma as empresas têm como clientes outras empresas industriais inseridas dentro de segmentos alvo inseridas no setor metal-mecânico cuja predominância estratégica é a de baixo custo. / The study consists of identifying the correlations among supply, production and distribution practices and the business strategy. The aim of this research is verifying if the alignment/misalignment among supply, production and distribution practices and the business strategy is associated with industrial companies performance in the metal-mechanical sector of Caxias do Sul. For this, Porter's generic strategies was used - differentiation, cost leadership, focus-differentiation and focus-cost and the alignment concept based in the strategies profile deviation proposed by Venkatraman (1989). Four generic theorical profile associating supply, production and distribution attributes with the four business strategies were built. The research was conducted by a survey in the Caxias do Sul city metalmechanical sector. The questionnaire used to data collecting was divided on five parts, with 130 questions, which originated 26 variables. Two pre-tests about verbal comprehension were conducted and two about statistical pre-tests to do the validation about measurement scales and the questionnaire. These parts were achieved with exploratory factorial analysis and reliability scales analysis by the Chronbach's alpha. The data collect was conducted by telephone, by the production manager or companies owners answers, to the questions. The answers were identified in intensity scales varying from one to five points, where one is the worst condition and the five is the best condition. The final sample was formed by 400 industrial companies, where 95% of them are small companies. The data analysis consisted of using correlation techniques, Euclidian distance calculation based in the theorical profile about business strategies, obtaining the alignment score for these four theorical profile and cluster analysis. The companies of the sample were classified in three strategies clusters: cost leadership, differentiation-focus and cost-focus. In the correlation analysis among supply, production and distribution attributes within each cluster became evident a higher number of significant correlations among these attributes in the Differentiation-focus Cluster. By the order, the cluster that presented higher alignment level of these practices with the strategy was the Cost-Focus. The relations analysis between companies alignments and performance, revealed that only one alignment trends to provide a better performance, that is the obtained aligning the supply, production and distribution practices to the Focus-Cost Strategy. The results showed that the alignment of these practices with the others strategies don't provide a better performance for these companies. This result is coherent with the studied population that is configured in productive chains or in supply chains, where each company trends to attend with specialty a niche of companies and the clients, where all are oriented to the focuscost for being productive chains members.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-19T14:02:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Omaki 04 Tese TJ 0v2-20160225 final CD baixa def.pdf: 1423261 bytes, checksum: 5def21398d8b73990a286a659299e41f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T14:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Omaki 04 Tese TJ 0v2-20160225 final CD baixa def.pdf: 1423261 bytes, checksum: 5def21398d8b73990a286a659299e41f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / FACEPE / Dentre as situações decisórias mais complexas nas quais um gestor pode incorrer, estão aquelas cujos resultados não dependem apenas de suas decisões, mas também das decisões de outros gestores, e vice-versa. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as principais situações de interação estratégica entre os produtores e os agentes da agroindústria de fruticultura irrigada de manga e uva da região submédia do Vale do Rio São Francisco na consecução de suas estratégias, expandindo assim as aplicações das duas perspectivas complementares predominantes nos estudos de estratégia em Administração: a escola do posicionamento e a visão da firma baseada em recursos, com contribuições da teoria dos jogos. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo de caso, descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, ex post facto, e transversal. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de 17 entrevistas ocorridas entre julho e setembro de 2015, nos municípios de Petrolina/PE e Juazeiro/BA, que buscaram identificar e analisar as interações estratégicas mais relevantes dos jogadores. Os dados coletados permitiram propor uma nomenclatura para cada classe e identificar a dinâmica das interações entre produtores, concorrentes, fornecedores e clientes. Dentre os achados mais relevantes emergiu a compreensão de que as interações mais relevantes não eram pontuais, mas interdependentes, onde o desenvolvimento das interações impacta em outras interações, que por fim impactam na estratégia de negócio. Ainda, exploratoriamente foram identificados três fatores inter-relacionados que merecem atenção: as janelas de exportação, a meteorologia e a biologia. Por fim, desses achados propôs-se um modelo diagramático relacional das interações entre os agentes da indústria. / Among the more complex decision-making situations in which a manager may incur, are those whose results depend not only on their decisions, but also on the decisions of other managers, and vice versa. So this study aimed to analyze the main situations of strategic interaction among producers and agents of in agribusiness of irrigated fruit cultures of mango and grape at the sub medium São Francisco River Valley in achieving their strategies, thus expanding the applications of two complementary perspectives prevalent in management strategy studies: the school positioning and the resource based view of the firm, with contributions of game theory. It was conducted a case study, descriptive, qualitative, ex post facto, and cross-sectional. The data collecting was carried out on 17 interviews which took place between July and September 2015 in the municipalities of Petrolina / PE and Juazeiro / BA, which sought to identify and analyze the most relevant strategic interactions of the players. The data collected allowed proposing a nomenclature for each class and identifying the dynamics of interactions between producers, competitors, suppliers and customers. Among the most important emerging findings was that the most relevant interactions were not individual, but interdependent, where the development of interactions impact on other interactions, which ultimately impact the business strategy. Still, three interrelated factors that need attention were identified: export windows, meteorology and biology. Finally from these finding was proposed a relational diagrammatic model of interactions between the industry players.

Num ambiente competitivo, no qual a maioria das empresas atua, torna-se essencial o uso de instrumentos de administração que deem suporte para que elas se mantenham competitivas. Um desses instrumentos, a administração estratégica, é cada vez mais difundido, seja nas organizações ou nas escolas de administração. O acirramento da concorrência tem levado as organizações a preocuparem-se, não somente com a estratégia corporativa, mas também com o marketing. Assim, o marketing estratégico tem se tornado cada vez mais um instrumento fundamental para a sobrevivência das empresas. Nesse contexto, esta tese teve por objetivo verificar se alinhamento entre a administração estratégica e o marketing estratégico é condição determinante para conquista de vantagem competitiva que assegure crescimento e rentabilidade. Para que o objetivo fosse alcançado foi realizada uma revisão sobre a teoria da estratégia empresarial e do marketing estratégico. Após o final da revisão da literatura foi realizado um estudo de caso na Mapfre Seguros, a maior empresa do seu setor, onde se procurou verificar a existência ou não do alinhamento pesquisado e como essa empresa utiliza esses instrumentos para obter a posição diferenciada que ela ocupa no mercado. / In a competitive environment, in which most of the companies act, turns out essential to use administration tools that support their competitiveness. One of these tools, strategic management, is increasingly used either in organizations or in the academy. Increased competition has led organizations to not only be concerned about the corporate strategy, but also about marketing. Thus, the strategic marketing has become an increasingly essential tool for the survival of businesses. In this context, this thesis aimed to verify if alignment between strategic management and strategic marketing is a determining condition for achieving competitive advantage that will ensure growth and profitability. In order to accomplish that objective, it was held a review on the theory of business strategy and strategic marketing. At the end of the literature review it was conducted a case study in Mapfre Seguros, the largest company in its industry, and sought whether or not the alignment studied exists and how this company uses these instruments to position its differentiation in the market.

This thesis is describing a business strategy of how to license a software product. The licenses discussed in this thesis are called open source licenses. The open source licenses have gained much attention lately by companies such as Microsoft, IBM, and Sun Microsystems. The reason for this is that some products considered being open source software are very widely used. These products include the most popular web server, the Apache web server, with more than 60% market share. 25% of the installed operating systems that are running Apache and other web servers are installed with Linux as operating system, which is also considered as open source software. These are only two examples of popular products that are considered as open source software products. These products are choices for many people and companies when choosing software to use, for example NASA. Open source licenses are called open in the way that the software is shipped not only in binary form, but also with the source code that can be modified and recompiled to suit the buyer’s need better. Apache web server and the Linux operating system are free for download, install, run and modify to suit your needs. In this thesis I will discuss whether these licenses can increase the chance of developing a successful product or not, in terms of market shares. / Affärsmodeller kring öppen källkod diskuteras i denna magisteruppats. Det finns ett flertal programvaror byggd på öppen källkod som kan betraktas som framgångsrika om man avser antal användare eller hur stora marknadsandelar produkterna har. Diskussionen i magister uppsatsen kretsar därför om man kan öka sina chanser att utveckla framgångsrika produkter genom att använda sig av öppen källkod främst ur ett företags perspektiv som har vinstintresse. / Mats Nilsson Kabelgatan 13D 414 57 Göteborg

This thesis aims at describing the CIO role from the perspective of two interviews and the literature on the subject. Our research questions mainly focus on the actual work of a CIO and are answered by providing a framework on how to view the CIO and the influence of the CIO. Influence meaning both on business and IT strategy. We have answered what the CIO role implies and how it is used in different organizations. To do this we have scanned current literature and also conducted two interviews with CIO’s from completely different organizations and resources. A framework for understanding how the IT strategy and business strategy is linked with the CIO as a resource has been created and our interview findings are presented in this framework. We have also found that the CIO with little involvement in overall business strategy decisions has less influence on the IT strategy. This is ex-plained by the nature of the organization and the view of IT. A CIO’s primary function could be to strategically align IT with business or to make sure that the IT systems runs flawless. These can be viewed as counterpoints but since the role today is changing from being operative to working more with strategic questions it is not a strange finding. The influence a CIO has in business strategy questions ranges from none to a lot, based on how the CIO role is defined by the organization. This is also well in line with the view of IT. When viewing IT as something that has the possibility to gain competitive advantage, IT gain more credibility, hence the CIO gains more influence on business strategy decisions. We also found that the CIO not only has the overall responsibility of IT in the organization, but also that s/he is supposed to work with questions of concern to the business. This forces the CIO to have an understanding of the end-customer, which in itself creates a better understanding for the business strategy. The CIO should work with questions that not only meet the current demand of the organization they support, but also future needs and potential opportunities where IT can be of specific interest.

Innehåll: Uppsatsen tittar på hur de senaste årens tekniska utveckling har påverkat musikbranschen och hur musikbolagen bör utforma sin affärsstrategi för att klara av dessa förändringar. En litteraturstudie har genomförts för att diskutera begreppet affärsstrategi på ett teoretiskt plan, och två fallstudier tittar närmare på musikindustrin. Fallstudierna behandlar MP3.com och Napster, två företag som såg de nya möjligheterna som Internet förde med sig, medan de traditionella musikbolagen fortfarande var fast i gamla mönster. Slutsatsen är att de traditionella musikbolagen fortfarande är alltför rädda för riskerna med piratkopiering för att våga satsa fullt ut på kundorienterade lösningar. / Content: This report examines how the technological developments over the last few years have affected the music industry and how the record labels should formulate their business strategy to cope with these changes. A literature study has been conducted to examine the term business strategy on a theoretical level, while two case studies give a closer look at the music industry. The two cases are MP3.com and Napster, two companies that realised the new potential that the Internet brought, while the traditional record labels were still stuck in old patterns. The conclusion is that the traditional record labels are still too afraid of the dangers of illegally copied music to fully go for customer oriented solutions.

This thesis deals with the topic of category management in online retailing. Its goal is to identify the assortment factors that affect a company's financial performance. The result of the thesis work is a model applicable in strategic decision making on assortment. The first part consists of basic concepts of retail, marketing and strategic management. The purpose of this part is to provide the reader with the theoretical background for the following practical part. The research for the practical part is conducted on the basis of interviews with experts in the field and the author's own research in business. Each chapter presents a group of metrics that are based on analysis of business data in online retail market. Metrics describe the specific features of a product category and their impact on a company's revenue or costs. Each metric comes also with an assessment of the given category based on business data. The aim of the thesis is to give a comprehensive overview of assortment decision making. The thesis should also help the reader gain basic knowledge useful for managing an online retail store.

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of sponsorship, as one of the tools of business and marketing strategy of a company. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on defining the concept of sponsorship and its position within the business and marketing strategy of a company. The practical part of this thesis focuses on the analysis of sponsorship activities of companies that are partners of the minor field Sales Management. The research is based on personal interviews with the top managers of these companies.