This thesis aims to contribute to global value chain studies by examining an empirical case of vietnamese apparel firms in Swedish clothing value chains with a focus on insertion and upgrading issues . we apply mixed method of  both qualitative and quantitative tools from a holistic approach researching from both vietnamese suppliers and Swedish buyers perspective. Our findings show some progressive improvements of Vietnamese suppliers in GVC especially of private sector. In swedish value chain trust and long term cooperative business realtions for mutual benefits are among the key points for insertion and ugrading. On Vietnamese suppliers side, lack of information serves as the main reson for their reluctance in approaching Swedish market . Willingness to listen to buyer's advice or suggestions and management strategic Vision of development are critical for upgrading sucess of suppliers.

Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.

Os pregoeiros são os servidores responsáveis pela condução dos processos licitatórios de aquisições e contratações dos órgãos públicos no Brasil. A função de pregoeiro, apesar de sua complexidade e importância à eficiente utilização dos recursos públicos, vem sendo negligenciada pelo Estado. Até o momento não há uma carreira específica ou remuneração condizente ao risco dessa atividade. Os métodos e análises realizadas por este estudo, à luz dos Estudos Baseados em Prática (EBP) e do knowing-in-practice, permitiram melhor visibilidade aos elementos tácitos que compõem os saberes os pregoeiros desenvolvidos no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Partindo da identificação e descrição de suas práticas de trabalho, a função pregoeiro caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo e sobreposição de atividades, dificultando assim desenho de um perfil para a mesma. Outra característica inerente a função é a presença de uma forte estrutura normativa a qual norteia e permeia esse trabalho. A partir dos discursos dos entrevistados, constatou-se que o Curso de Formação de Pregoeiros demonstrou-se insuficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de negociação e conversação e os aspectos atitudinais da atenção, equilíbrio e retidão necessários à sua prática. Assim, a aprendizagem no cotidiano de trabalho dos pregoeiros ocorreu de forma situada através dos conhecimentos informais e tácitos, compartilhados por meio das interações sociais entre os servidores, facilitada pela estrutura em rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) (instituições pesquisadas), fóruns e comunidades de praticantes, confirmando assim a perspectiva do knowing-in-practice. Afirma-se então que o desenvolvimento dos saberes do pregoeiro não está descolado de suas práticas de trabalho. A partir dos elementos identificados neste estudo, sugerem-se ações para melhoria das condições de trabalho, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento profissional do pregoeiro. Um olhar mais sensível da sociedade e dos representantes políticos é necessária, dada a importância estratégica do papel do pregoeiro na garantia da qualidade do gasto público. / Public Procurement Officers are the public servers responsible for conducting bidding processes of acquisition and hiring for public organs in Brazil. The main duty of the Public Procurement Officer, despite its complexity and importance to the efficient use of public resources, has been neglected by the state. Still, there is no specific career or equitable salary which represents the risks of this activity. The methods and analysis made by this study, considering Practice-Based Studies (PBS) and of knowing-into-practice, allowed a better visibility in the tacit elements that build the knowledge Public Procurement Officers have developed in their daily work. Starting with the identification and description of their practices at work, the Public Procurement Officer function is characterized by the accumulation and overlapping of activities, making it difficult to draw a proper profile to the function. Another intrinsic characteristic of the Public Procurement Officers' function, which directs and permeates this paper, is the presence of a normative structure. Through the speech of the interviewees it was possible to state that the Basic Training Course Public Procurement Officers take is not sufficient to develop the negotiation and reasoning skills and the attitude of attention, balance and rectitude needed to the practice of this function. Therefore, the Public Procurement Officers’ learning process happens throughout informal and tacit knowledge, shared through servers’ social interaction – facilitated by the structure in network from Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs) (institutions where the research took place), online forums and communities, corroborating the knowing-in-practice perspective. It can be stated that the knowledge development of Public Procurement Officers is not disconnected to their practice. Based on the elements identified in this study, some actions are suggested to improve the working conditions, development and recognition of the Public Procurement Officers. A more sensitive consideration from society and from political representatives is necessary, given the strategic importance of Public Procurement Officers’ role in assuring the public money is being well spent.

The aim is to show file delivery INCOTERMS in the context of foreign trade activities. The aim is to describe some possible connections and consequences that occur during their use in international trade. It focuses on foreign trade operations under the jurisdiction of INCOTERMS delivery, from the perspective of both parties. The practical objective is therefore to analyze applications Incoterms clauses in selected real-world business operations of companies following the introduction of clauses INCOTERMS 2010 according to various criteria. The company is monitored in the evaluation viewed from two sides, it is a party buyers and sellers. The work compares the use of Incoterms clauses, both among buyers and sellers and between their trading partners.Data were obtained by questionnaire survey of companies in the Czech Republic.

The thesis deals with logistic processes in a chosen brush company. The aim of this thesis is analysis of used methods of management of a material and information flow which are dependent on a production program and improvement.There were carried on analysis off lows and relations with suppliers and buyers. Next there were mentioned a relation between flows and logistic center.Evaluations and recommendations are included in all the chapters of the thesis.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A construÃÃo subjetiva contemporÃnea apresenta-se marcadamente permeada pela lÃgica do mercado responsÃvel por fabricar â via IndÃstria cultural â os mais diversos estilos de vida a serem consumidos pelo homem. A partir deste contexto, reflete-se acerca dos novos transtornos hipermodernos, tendo por figura exemplar o comportamento compulsivo por compras, analisado a partir do referencial teÃrico da Escola de Frankfurt. O objetivo à compreender os sentidos da compulsÃo por compras, considerando os aspectos sÃcio-culturais e as novas formas de sofrimento psÃquico advindos da sociedade de consumo. Para tal, metodologicamente, coletaram-se dados na mÃdia digital e impressa, no grupo de Devedores AnÃnimos e em campanhas publicitÃrias que foram analisados atravÃs da abordagem teÃrico-crÃtica. Os primeiros dados obtidos em artigos cientÃficos, revistas e internet corroboraram a hipÃtese inicial acerca das explicaÃÃes majoritariamente intrapsÃquicas atribuÃdas à compulsÃo por compras. No entanto, ao final, a pesquisa demonstrou que os compradores compulsivos nÃo sÃo viciados nos objetos em si, mas no prÃprio ato de consumo que funciona como uma vÃlvula de escape para o mal-estar contemporÃneo â o que revela o aspecto psicossocial presente no referido fenÃmeno. Salienta-se, portanto, que a cultura de consumo, principalmente atravÃs do fetichismo das mercadorias e de estratÃgias sedutoras do sistema financeiro, atua como uma potencializadora para este comportamento, ao proclamar, entretanto sem nunca cumprir, que os objetos sÃgnicos serÃo capazes de sanar as incertezas e as angÃstias hipermodernas. Neste sentido, acredita-se que a compulsÃo por compras à uma fonte rica de reflexÃes acerca dos sofrimentos subjetivos provenientes do capitalismo tardio que, cada vez mais, utiliza a lÃgica do desejo em prol da lÃgica do mercado. / The contemporary subjective construction seems to be permeated by the market logic that is responsible for fabricate - through cultural industry - the most different lifestyles to be consumed by man. From this context, we reflect about the new disorders that emerge in the hypermodernity, using as example the behavior of the compulsive shoppers, analyzed from the Frankfurt SchoolÂs theoretical framework. Our goal is to understand the meanings of impulse buying, considering the social-cultural aspects and new forms of psychological suffering that the consumer society may be supplying for the men. Methodologically, weÂve made an empirical research at the digital and printed media, at the group Debtors Anonymous and at advertising campaigns that were, posteriorly, analyzed by the theoretical-critical approach. The first data collected at papers, magazines and Internet supported our initial hypothesis about the mostly intrapsychic explanations attributed to the impulse buying. However, in the end, our research showed that the compulsive buyers are not addicted to the objects themselves, but to the very act of consumption which acts as an escape valve for the contemporary malaise - this reveals the psychosocial aspect linked to that phenomenon. So, we detach that the consumer culture, mainly by the fetishism of the objects and seductive strategies of the financial system, acts as a potentiator for this behavior because it proclains, but never obeys, that the signic objects will be able to remedy the uncertainties and anxieties of hypermodern life. This way, we believe that the impulse buying is a rich reflection font about the subjective suffering entailed by the contemporary capitalism that utilizes the logic of desire in favor of the market logic.

Var tionde man i Sverige har någon gång köpt sex trots att detta är olagligt. Vill dessa män ha hjälp att sluta köpa sex, finns det begränsat med insatser som de kunde få. Syftet med denna studie var att få en överblick av vilken hjälp sexköpare i Dalarnas län, beläget i Sverige, kunde få på kommunal nivå vid studiens utförande. För att få en överblick intervjuades sex personer som var yrkesverksamma inom Socialtjänsten. Samtliga informanter ansåg att det fanns ett behov av att arbeta med sexköpare, men kommunerna hade olika uppfattningar om det är Socialtjänsten eller Regionen som hade det övergripande ansvaret över arbetet. / Every tenth Swedish man has at some point bought sex despite it being illegal. If these men wanted help to stop buying sex, there were few options. The purpose of this study was to get an overview of what kind of help sex buyers in the county of Dalarna, in Sweden, could get on a municipal level at the time of the study. To get the overview, interviews with six professionals in social services were conducted. All the informants agreed on that there was a need to work with and help sex buyers, but there were some different opinions on whether it was the social services or Region Dalarna (healthcare) who had the overall responsibility of the work.

What are the factors that make non buyers hesitant to buy groceries online? The purpose of this study is to examine why non buyers hesitate to buy groceries online. Different factors are linked to two theoretical frameworks, namely Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Technology acceptance model (TAM). This study is of a quantitative nature, by conducting a web-based questionnaire. The study applies a deductive approach in order to test the relationship between the dependent and independent variables of TPB and TAM in the context of non buyers of online grocery in Sweden. The main analysis for this study is a simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that the main predictor of non buyers’ hesitation to buy groceries online are the factors of perceived behavioral control. Other factors that had a significant effect on intention were the ones regarding attitude, external variables and perceived ease of use. While factors of subjective norm and perceived usefulness had no influence on non buyers’ intention.

The premise of this thesis was to investigate how one national news outlet (Dagens Nyheter) in Sweden portrayed sex workers and sex buyers in their article series Skuggsidan. The series, published in effect of a famous TV-persona’s sex buying scandal in May of 2020, included interviews with former female sex workers, two case worker from a help organization and one former male sex buyer. By adopting Fairclough’s three- dimensional model as method, the series was analysed and compared against the concept of folkhemmet as well as an intersectional and poststructuralist feminist theoretical framework. The analyses distinguished two main themes, indicating the series follows a traditional Swedish radical feminist view of sex buyers as deviant individuals with obscured ideas and sexual habits; and sex sellers as victims in need of rehabilitation and intervention. The analysis also pointed out a binary discourse of the sex worker and the sex buyer, where the man is the assumed buyers and the woman the assumed sellers, effectively excluding other gender identities from the narrative. Lastly, the series lacked intersectional sensitivity to multi-layered identities, specifically when it comes to migrant sex workers in Sweden. This thesis argues there is an urgent need for further empirical research to get a comprehensive and fair view of sex industry to address future challenges in the field.

Sexhandel har existerat sedan lång tid tillbaka och har alltid ansetts problematiskt på olika sätt. Sedan 1999 är sexköp förbjudet enligt lag (SFS 1962:700, 6 kap. 11 §) och anses av regeringen som en del av mäns våld mot kvinnor och mäns överordnade ställning i samhället. Nya siffror från folkhälsomyndigheten visar att en av tio män i Sverige någon gång betalat för en sexuell handling. Trots att sexhandel har både en säljande och en köpande sida har forskningen mestadels varit ensidig och fokuserat på de personer som säljer, vilket har lämnat den köpande sidan relativt outforskad. Media däremot belyser ämnet från båda sidor vilket ger dem stor makt att påverka samhällets syn på sexköpare. Samtidigt influeras media i stor utsträckning av samhällspolitiken och verkar reflekterande av rådande maktordningar. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att undersöka hur media framställer sexköpare samt hur sexköpsdiskursen speglar såväl könsnormer som genusrelaterade maktordningar.  Det teoretiska perspektivet utgår från Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys samt radikalfeministiskt teori och med Faircloughs tredimensionella modell har jag undersökt och analysera 153 artiklar från Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet mellan den 1 januari 2018 och 31 maj 2020. Studien visar att fyra olika deldiskurser går att urskilja i diskursen om sexköpare i media: (1) anonymisering av de sexköpande männen samt referensen till dem som ‘’vanliga’’ män, (2) beskrivning av dem som rovdjur, förövare och samvetslösa, (3) måla upp en bild av sexköpare som offer samt ge utrymme för medömkan och (4) användning av marknadsdiskurs. Analysen visar också att olika diskurser reflekterar könsnormer och rådande maktordningar till olika grad där vissa till och med verkar utmanande och följer lagens samt det radikalfeministiska perspektivet på sexköp. / Sex trafficking has existed for a long time and has always been considered problematic in various ways. Since 1999, the purchase of sex has been prohibited by law (SFS 1962: 700, Chapter 6, Section 11) and is considered by the government as part of men's violence against women and men's superior position in society. New figures from the public health authority shows that one in ten men in Sweden have paid for a sexual act. Despite the fact that the sex trade has both a selling and a buying side, the research has mostly been one-sided and focused on the people who sell, which has led to the buying side being relatively unexplored. Media, on the other hand, sheds light on both sides of the subject, which gives them power to influence society's view of sex buyers. At the same time, the media is to a large extent influenced by social policy and reflects the current power structures. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine how the media portrays sex buyers and how the sex purchase discourse reflects both gender norms and gender-related power structures. The theoretical perspective is based on Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and radical feminist theory. With Fairclough's three-dimensional model I have examined and analyzed 153 articles from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet between 1 January 2018 and 31 May 2020. The study shows that four different sub-discourses can be distinguished in the discourse about sex buyers in media: (1) anonymization of men who buys sex and the reference to them as "ordinary" men, (2) the description of them as predators, perpetrators and conscienceless, (3) portraying sex buyers as victims and also provide space for compassion and (4) use of market discourse. The analysis also shows that different discourses reflect gender norms and current power structures to varying degrees, where some even act challenging and follows the law and the radical feminist perspective on sex purchases.