The investigator undertook to make a study of the management of a selected number of private summer camps for children in Kerr County, Texas, because of the growing interest in camping and the need for an informed public regarding the possibilities of wholesome recreation for children in summer camps.

The project is an activity based, interdisciplinary curriculum for a simulated outdoor camp that occurs primarily within the elementary classroom. The purpose of the camp is to increase the students' level of awareness of and appreciation for the outdoors.

The focus of this diploma thesis is the design of a travel trailer. The work consists of two parts—analytical, which deals with the formal description of the travel trailer, its historical development, technical part, and the design analysis. The second part, drawing on the research, then provides the actual design solution along with its styling solution, technical solution, the ergonomic solution, colour as well as graphic solution.

Detta projekt har gjorts i Leksand, 2019, som ett examensarbete för en kandidatexamen i Teknisk design. Anledningen för att detta arbete görs är att förbättra en campingbutik på Leksands Strands camping med fokus på platsinnovation. Då jag själv jobbat i butiken och varit ansvarig för den i tre somrar är detta ett projekt för att hjälpa mig och företaget att utveckla butiken för att göra den mer attraktiv för både gäster och personal. Teorin har fokuserat mycket på turism, platsinnovation samt marknadsföring och delar i platsens identitet. Metoderna i detta projekt har handlat om att hitta och analysera fakta och sedan använda metoder som moodboard och persona för att kunna framföra resultatet om hur butiken ska designas och förbättras. Resultatet utgick från platsinnovationens tre byggstenar; Gestaltning, Innehåll och Marknadsföring. Var del har förslag på förbättringar som alla smälter ihop till ett enda stort förbättringsförslag. I sista delen av denna rapport diskuteras resultatet och frågeställningar samt syfte och mål besvaras.

This report consists of a conceptual development of a car awning, in collaboration with the company Thule. The main objective with was to create a convenient and easy-to-use awning, which offers a universal fastening solution for cars. Among others, the research done includes an analysis of the current market and observations to use as a basis to compile the requirement specification and function analysis. Furthermore, a moodboard and methods such as Kansei engineering was used to put emphasis on the design and aesthetics. The results display a conceptual solution to an awning that can be attached to any car that supports the use of a Thule roof rack with a T-track feature. It is easy to assemble, mount and use, with many options to be adjusted to the like of the user. High quality renders are presented, along with a full-scale prototype of the awning.  Research gathered in this report contributes to the field by presenting solutions forconvenience, usability, and adjustability regarding similar products. Discussion is had regarding the importance of these features, as well as the difficulties that exist when creating a product like this. Further work includes even more solutions to make the awning fully universal, as well as more resistance to different weather conditions.

No description available.

No description available.

Minimal research has examined the interrelationship between motivation, place attachment, and the need to belong in a residential camping environment. The purpose of this study was to better understand the role of place attachment and the need to belong in facilitating 4-H Camp Graham campers and counselors interest in returning to residential 4-H summer camp year after year. All participants included in this study were at least 18 years of age, graduated from high school, former 4-H members, and attended 4-H camp for at least two consecutive years. Three camping clusters participated in focus group interviews for a total of 21 participants. A fourth camping cluster and participants unable to attend their designated focus group, were invited complete an online survey. Overall, campers and counselors were primarily motivated to return to camp each year due to the relationships, memories, and sense of belonging formed at camp. While nature and location played a role in the camp experience by providing a secluded environment free from outside influence, these attachments were secondary. Attachment to camp grew over time and participants valued the camp experience highly and tended to choose camp friendships and the camp experience over other opportunities. Longevity at camp influenced the strength of attachment. This research suggests that intentionality in these areas of staff training and program planning are critical to camper and counselor connection to camp. Additionally, this research provides tangible evidence that points to the value of sharing the residential camping experience with potential funders and parents. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

This dissertation comprises two distinct journal articles, each contributing significant advancements to recreation ecology by examining the effectiveness of various spatial tools in camping and trail management. The first article leverages strategic spatial planning, considering topography and spacing, to limit camping impacts and enhance visitor experiences. It investigates the long-term effectiveness of a sustainable camping management strategy on the Appalachian Trail, whereby protected area managers select and actively encourage or require visitors to camp on excavated "side-hill" campsites in sloping terrain. One of the most degraded camping locations along the popular Appalachian Trail was selected for this longitudinal study, which, in May 2002, involved the closure of 19 existing campsites in flat terrain, with use shifted to 14 newly constructed side-hill campsites in adjacent sloping terrain. Over the subsequent 17 years, the recovery of the closed campsites and the evolution of the newly established side-hill campsites were monitored and assessed. Results from this study reveal that a multifaceted approach integrating both direct and indirect management actions successfully achieved their management objectives to sustain the site's exceptionally high use while minimizing both resource and social impacts. This study highlights the ability of constructed side-hill campsites to resist expansion over time and provides valuable findings, insights, and "lessons learned" to guide protected area managers in selecting and implementing effective management strategies and actions in other high-use settings. The second study evaluates terrestrial photogrammetry as a spatial tool for trail impact assessment. Protected natural areas like Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP) rely heavily on trails to facilitate visitor access while spatially concentrating environmental impacts to their treads. Assessing the condition of these trails is difficult due to the logistical challenges inherent in conventional field data-gathering techniques. While technological advancements such as Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) introduce Structure-from-Motion (SfM) capabilities for trail monitoring, they are not without limitations, including prohibitive costs, legal restrictions, and operational challenges, particularly when monitoring trails enveloped by canopy cover. This study presents a novel approach to trail assessment using terrestrial photogrammetry, wherein a consumer-grade camera captures high-resolution imagery that is processed using SfM techniques. The study compared manual measurements of 46 trail transects in JTNP with measurements from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) generated from SfM point clouds. The outcomes revealed a high level of agreement between the two methods, with the measurements derived from photogrammetric DEM data exhibiting consistently higher values compared to the field measurements, especially in the central regions of the transects. A statistically significant positive relationship between transect width and mean differences between GIS and field tread incision measurements suggests that the disparity may arise from the sagging of the tape measure across the trail, indicating photogrammetric methods might offer greater accuracy. The paper outlines methods for capturing high-resolution 3D trail data using cost-effective techniques and discusses the practicality and possibilities of using the technique in trail monitoring programs. This has far-reaching implications and positions terrestrial photogrammetry as a compelling alternative to drone-based acquisitions, particularly in areas where UAV operations are restricted, discouraged, or impractical. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation contains two journal articles, each contributing significant advancements to recreation ecology by examining the effectiveness of various spatial tools in camping and trail management. The first paper assesses a sustainable camping strategy on the Appalachian Trail, where managers guide visitors to use designated campsites built into steep terrain, called "side-hill" campsites. One of the most degraded camping locations along the popular Appalachian Trail was selected for this study, and in May 2002, 19 existing campsites in flat terrain were closed, and use was shifted to 14 newly constructed side-hill campsites in nearby steeper terrain. Over 17 years, researchers measured the recovery of the old sites and the evolution and impacts associated with the new ones. The results show the new approach successfully prevented the expansion of campsites, a chronic problem in popular camping areas in flat terrain. Success is attributed not only to the physical relocation of campsites but also to the closing of old campsites with fencing, educating visitors about sustainable camping practices, enforcing regulations, and maintaining the sites. This study highlights the ability of constructed side-hill campsites to resist expansion over time and provides valuable findings, insights, and "lessons learned" to guide protected area managers in selecting and implementing effective management strategies and actions in other high-use settings. The second study in this dissertation introduces an innovative method for assessing the impact on trails in protected areas like Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP). Maintaining hiking trails is crucial as they provide visitor access while spatially concentrating environmental impacts to their treads. However, evaluating their condition is complex due to challenges associated with traditional data collection methods. While drones offer some advancements, they come with their own set of issues, including high costs, legal hurdles, and difficulties operating in areas with dense tree cover. This research presents a novel approach through terrestrial photogrammetry, a technique that uses photos of an object taken at different angles to create detailed 3D models with specialized software, a process known as Structure-from-Motion. The study involved a detailed comparison of traditional manual measurements from 46 trail sections in JTNP to measurements obtained from these 3D models. Results suggest photogrammetric methods might offer greater accuracy than manual measurements. The paper outlines methods for capturing high-resolution 3D trail data using cost-effective techniques and discusses the practicality and possibilities of using the technique in trail monitoring programs. This has far-reaching implications and positions terrestrial photogrammetry as a compelling alternative to drone-based acquisitions, particularly in areas where UAV operations are restricted, discouraged, or impractical.

I denna uppsats har jag undersökt hur  Harold Campings domedagsrörelses, ”Campingitismens” och därmed radiostantionsnätverk Family Stations Inc.s, religiösa föreställningsvärld ser ut som de sprider världen över. Undersökningen går igenom frågorna: (1) vem är mannen bakom profetian om den 21 maj 2011?, (2) vilka är Harold Campings centrala läror och vad grundar de sig på?, (3) på vad grundar sig hans profetia om Jesu återkomst den 21 maj 2011?, (4) vad är hans föreställning om frälsning och hur kan man realisera detta mål?, (5) hur skiljer sig ”Campingitismens” frälsningsläror från Heaven’s Gates eller finns det några likheter mellan dem? (6) vad är det som lockar folk till ”Campingi-tismen”? 89-årige amerikanen, Harold Camping verkställande chef och grundare av USAs nittonde största radiostationsnätverk  Family Stations Inc., kallad Family Radio tolkar Bibeln samt profeterar om domedagen på sitt allegorisk sätt genom sina radiosändningar, internet, satellit TV och sina 30-tal böcker och häften runt om i världen. Hans mening tycks vara att evangelisera var och en här på jorden. Utan att ha någon teologisk utbildning verkar han ändå kunna sin Bibel från pärm till pärm. Campings centrala läror hänger strikt ihop med Bibeln, den är den enda ultimata sanningen som ska lydas ordagrant. Hans förhållande till religion, till ett kristet liv och Bibeln har kalvinistiska influenser och fundamentalistiska drag enligt min uppfattning. Läran om den dubbla predestinationen anser jag också som uppenbart inom hans läror. Just nu fokuserar han på sin profetia, dess hållbarhet och vad Jesu återkomst har för konsekvenser för troende och icke-troende. Enligt Camping grundar hans profetia sig på noggranna bibelstudier och hans ”bevismaterial” innebär en mäktig mängd av numerologi, matematik och allegoriseringar. Campings förhållningssätt till frälsning kan beskrivs bäst som redan nämnt läran om den dubbla predestinationen – frälsning är alltid oförtjänt, man kan inte påverka den på något vis och den är bestämd redan i förväg av Gud likaväl dem vars öde det är att bli annihilerade för gott medan t.ex. Heavens Gates medlemmar ansträngde sig hårt att uppnå den nästa evolutionära nivån och slutligen deras himmelrike T.E.L.A.H, för att bli en asexual silverfärgad varelse i kosmos. ”Campingitismens” ökade popularitet kan bero på samtida omständigheter som präglas av politiska och ekonomiska problem, naturkatastrofer, kris, storolyckor osv. som i sin tur lyfter upp det andliga hos människor. Dessutom är folk runt i världen i olika grad besvikna på samhällets institutioner och ”Campingitismen” kan utgöra ett slags protest mot det moderna och därmed mot olika institutioner och myndigheter.