La ricerca di dottorato si inserisce nel quadro delle attività della MAIER – Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hierapolis di Frigia (Pamukkale, Turchia) e nel filone degli studi di architettura antica relativi ai complessi edilizi dei centri microasiatici. Vengono analizzati, in particolare, alcuni edifici e materiali architettonici di ordine ionico emersi dalle recenti indagini di scavo, allo scopo di fornire una ricostruzione dei monumenti nella planimetria e negli alzati, ma anche delle loro funzioni e le destinazioni d’uso; parallelamente si è sviluppata l’analisi del linguaggio formale delle architetture, allo scopo sia di definire le cronologie degli edifici sia di inserirli nel più ampio fenomeno della decorazione architettonica microasiatica, rintracciandone gli eventuali modelli, anche in rapporto al complesso problema dell’attività delle maestranze, per fornire un quadro aggiornato delle modalità di impiego dell’ordine ionico a Hierapolis di Frigia nel corso dell’età imperiale. La ricerca ha affrontato i due complessi santuariali del centro cittadino: nel Santuario di Apollo vengono analizzati il Tempio C, una serie di eccezionali capitelli ionici con collarino decorato e un consistente gruppo di elementi architettonici riferibili ad un portico di temenos (di ordine corinzio); nel Ploutonion si sono indagati alcuni materiali riferibil invece ad un portico ionico, posto a coronamento del theatron rituale. / This doctoral research is part of the activities of MAIER – Italian Archaeological Mission in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Pamukkale, Turkey) and of the investigation field on the ancient architecture in Asia Minor. Some buildings and architectural blocks of Ionic order, recently discovered, are analyzed in order to achieve a reconstruction of the monuments, not only of the plan and elevation, but also of the ancient functions and use of the buildings. The stylistic analysis is also very important, to determine the chronology of the monuments and to relate the Ionic architecture of Hierapolis with the other urban centres in Asia Minor and their architectural tradition during the Imperial period. The dissertation is focused on both the sanctuaries of Hierapolis: in the Sanctuary of Apollo, the research analyzes the Temple C, a series of Ionic capitals with decorated hypotrachelion, and a group of architectural blocks from a (Corinthian) temenos portico; in the Ploutonion, the focus is on a series of blocks from an Ionic Stoa, related to the cultic theatre.

Le lien entre qualité de vie et santé est complexe et représente un concept parapluie dont la définition est influencée par des éléments symboliques. Sur ce plan, si le statut socioéconomique sert de référence à un modèle de qualité de vie c’est parce que les paramètres et les critères de satisfaction de la vie sont souvent définis à partir des valeurs matérielles d’une culture située dans un contexte géopolitique et économique particulier. Dans cette recherche les données du terrain rural et les habitudes de vie des familles et de leur communauté sont mises en lien avec l’environnement et servent d’indicateurs s’opposant à certains résultats des statistiques épidémiologiques sur la santé. Ainsi, afin d’accéder à une analyse des fondements théoriques des liens entre une vie de qualité et la santé, les données empiriques récoltées dans le cadre d’une enquête heuristique ont été alliées aux concepts de satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux dans leurs rapports avec le milieu écologique et le contexte créé par l’actualisation des capitaux sociaux, culturels et économiques. Cette perspective d’analyse permit donc de brosser un tableau plus large et nuancé sur des déterminants de la santé jusqu’ici demeurés silencieux au sein des enquêtes épidémiologiques. / The relation between quality of life and health is complex and is represented as an umbrella concept whose definition is widely influenced by symbolic elements. On that level, if the socioeconomic status is used as a proxy for quality of life, it is because the parameters and criteria of life satisfaction are mainly based on material values within a given geopolitical, cultural and economical context. In this research, the data on family and community life habits are collected from a rural context and examined in relation with environmental factors serving as indicators opposed to certain results of epidemiological statistics on health. In that sense, and in order to accede to an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the relation between an enjoyable and healthy lifestyle, the survey and collection of empirical data have been conducted within a heuristic frame, allied to the concept of the satisfaction of basic needs in relation with the ecological environment, and the interaction of social, cultural and economic capital. This analytic perspective permits to draw a different and revisited portrait of health determinants, until then silenced by epidemiological surveys.

Television is increasingly both global and local. Those television industries discussed in this thesis transact in an extensive neo-network of flows in talents, financing, and the latest forms of popular culture. These cities attempt to become media capitals but their status waxes and wanes, depending on their success in exporting their Asian media productions. What do marital arts dramas, interactive game-shows, children's animation and teenage idol soap operas from East Asian television industries have in common? Through the systematic use of TV formatting strategies, these television genres have become the focus for indigenous cultural entrepreneurs located in the East Asian cities of Hong Kong, Singapore and Taipei to turn their local TV programmes into tradable culture. This thesis is a re-consideration of the impact of media globalisation on Asian television that re-imagines a new global media order. It suggests that there is a growing shift in perception and trade among once-peripheral television industries that they may be slowly de-centring Hollywood's dominance by inserting East Asian popular entertainment into familiar formats or cultural spaces through embracing global yet local cultures of production. While TV formats like Survivor, Millionaire, Big Brother and American Idol have become profitable and powerful franchises globally, in East Asia, the size of TV format trade is actually eclipsed by the regional trade in East Asian popular cultural commodities from martial arts novels and films, manga and romantic fiction, to popular music. These commodities have become the source of remaking local television culture into tradable cultures as local TV programmes use formatting practices to circulate within their region. The many faces of formatting in television are explored through four case studies - from Hong Kong (TVB's Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre), Singapore (Robert Chua Productions' Everyone Wins, Peach Blossom Media's Tomato Twins) and Taipei (Comic Ritz Production's Meteor Garden). Conceptualised as Asian media productions, these TV programmes are sites for examining individual agency, the network flows of popular culture and structural changes of their respective broadcasting fields. This thesis argues that TV formatting practices can become a currency for neo-networked media producers to create a medium of cultural exchange that sets up the possibility for a common market for cultural trade in East Asia. However, the ease with which TV formatting practices and re-sale of TV programmes are copied lower barriers for competition and often this tends toward over production. Over-exposure kills many new genres of production and discourages investment in the research and development component of creating TV formats for trade. Change in East Asian television industries is also aided by media conglomeration, global access through satellite TV, the Internet and increasingly digital entertainment, media de-regulation and pro-development policies. A number of factors and conditions that accompany the rise of TV formatting in East Asia (such as the role of independents vis-a-vis big local players, the emergence of copyright issues and marketing celebrities) contribute to the innovations that result from adapting formatting practices to local contexts, and suggest how each city's television industry attempts to address the rise of tradable cultural commodities that are increasingly made for pan-Asian consumption.

O crescimento vertiginoso das áreas metropolitanas tem ocasionado o surgimento de assentamentos humanos periféricos em zonas ribeirinhas, de encostas ou de relevância ambiental. Paralelamente, os órgãos ambientais geridos pelo Estado têm empregado políticas homogêneas de gestão das Unidades de Conservação, resultando em conflitos. Este trabalho pretende analisar as relações de interesse, poder e disputa na construção da legitimidade entre os mediadores de órgãos estatais e representantes da sociedade civil no processo de implantação do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Porto Alegre/RS. Nesse contexto, onde os conflitos socioambientais emergem cada vez mais como problemas sociais, identificam-se as seguintes relações e disputas: a) agentes do campo técnico-científico x agentes do campo político; b) ações de preservação x ações de conservação ambiental; e c) alianças estratégicas e tácitas que distribuíram-se diferenciadamente no decorrer do processo, conforme a representação dos agentes envolvidos perante as propostas apresentadas para a implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Isso ocorreu, principalmente, entre ONGs ambientalistas, instituições religiosas, representantes de órgãos estatais e representantes das comunidades envolvidas. Utilizando como ferramenta a abordagem construcionista (HANNIGAN, 1996), identifica-se que o processo de implantação do Parque, ao longo de quase 30 anos, institucionalizou uma arena de polarização interna entre agentes com capitais desiguais que utilizam, de forma estratégica, recursos argumentativos e simbólicos para se legitimarem perante o processo decisório de implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Portanto, o que faz com que esses agentes conflitem entre si, são os seus diversos interesses (econômico, político, social, científico) que estão por trás das distintas propostas de zoneamento do Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí-RS. / The vertiginous growth of metropolitan areas has caused peripheral human settlements within river basin, slopes or any zone with an environmental relevance. At the same time, the environmental organizations, which have been administrated by the State, have employed homogeneous policies for managing the Conservations Units, having as results several conflicts. This work attempts to analyze the relationships in terms of interests, power and dispute in the construction of legitimacy among mediators from state organisms and representatives from civil society during the implantation process of the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí” [Jacui Delta State Park], Porto Alegre/RS. Within this context, in which social-environmental conflicts come up even more as social problems, it has been identified the following disputes: a) agents who act on a technical and scientific field x agents who act on a politic field, b) actions for preserving x actions for conserving environment; and c) strategic and tacit alliances that have been distributed differentially throughout the process, according to the representation of the involved agents, in presence of proposes which have been presented for the implantation of this Conservation Unit. This occurred, mainly, among environmentalist NGOs, religious institutions, representatives of state agencies and involved communities. Using the constructionist approach (HANNIGAN, 1996) as an analyzing instrument, it has been identified that the implantation process of the “Parque”, for almost 30 years, has institutionalized an arena for internal polarization among agents with unequal capitals, who use, in an strategic way, argumentative and symbolic resources for legitimate themselves, in presence of the deciding process for implanting this Conservation Unit. Therefore, what cause agents to confront themselves are their different interests (economic, politic, social, technical and scientific) that are behind of the different proposes for rezoning the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí-RS”

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O crescimento vertiginoso das áreas metropolitanas tem ocasionado o surgimento de assentamentos humanos periféricos em zonas ribeirinhas, de encostas ou de relevância ambiental. Paralelamente, os órgãos ambientais geridos pelo Estado têm empregado políticas homogêneas de gestão das Unidades de Conservação, resultando em conflitos. Este trabalho pretende analisar as relações de interesse, poder e disputa na construção da legitimidade entre os mediadores de órgãos estatais e representantes da sociedade civil no processo de implantação do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Porto Alegre/RS. Nesse contexto, onde os conflitos socioambientais emergem cada vez mais como problemas sociais, identificam-se as seguintes relações e disputas: a) agentes do campo técnico-científico x agentes do campo político; b) ações de preservação x ações de conservação ambiental; e c) alianças estratégicas e tácitas que distribuíram-se diferenciadamente no decorrer do processo, conforme a representação dos agentes envolvidos perante as propostas apresentadas para a implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Isso ocorreu, principalmente, entre ONGs ambientalistas, instituições religiosas, representantes de órgãos estatais e representantes das comunidades envolvidas. Utilizando como ferramenta a abordagem construcionista (HANNIGAN, 1996), identifica-se que o processo de implantação do Parque, ao longo de quase 30 anos, institucionalizou uma arena de polarização interna entre agentes com capitais desiguais que utilizam, de forma estratégica, recursos argumentativos e simbólicos para se legitimarem perante o processo decisório de implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Portanto, o que faz com que esses agentes conflitem entre si, são os seus diversos interesses (econômico, político, social, científico) que estão por trás das distintas propostas de zoneamento do Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí-RS. / The vertiginous growth of metropolitan areas has caused peripheral human settlements within river basin, slopes or any zone with an environmental relevance. At the same time, the environmental organizations, which have been administrated by the State, have employed homogeneous policies for managing the Conservations Units, having as results several conflicts. This work attempts to analyze the relationships in terms of interests, power and dispute in the construction of legitimacy among mediators from state organisms and representatives from civil society during the implantation process of the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí” [Jacui Delta State Park], Porto Alegre/RS. Within this context, in which social-environmental conflicts come up even more as social problems, it has been identified the following disputes: a) agents who act on a technical and scientific field x agents who act on a politic field, b) actions for preserving x actions for conserving environment; and c) strategic and tacit alliances that have been distributed differentially throughout the process, according to the representation of the involved agents, in presence of proposes which have been presented for the implantation of this Conservation Unit. This occurred, mainly, among environmentalist NGOs, religious institutions, representatives of state agencies and involved communities. Using the constructionist approach (HANNIGAN, 1996) as an analyzing instrument, it has been identified that the implantation process of the “Parque”, for almost 30 years, has institutionalized an arena for internal polarization among agents with unequal capitals, who use, in an strategic way, argumentative and symbolic resources for legitimate themselves, in presence of the deciding process for implanting this Conservation Unit. Therefore, what cause agents to confront themselves are their different interests (economic, politic, social, technical and scientific) that are behind of the different proposes for rezoning the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí-RS”

O crescimento vertiginoso das áreas metropolitanas tem ocasionado o surgimento de assentamentos humanos periféricos em zonas ribeirinhas, de encostas ou de relevância ambiental. Paralelamente, os órgãos ambientais geridos pelo Estado têm empregado políticas homogêneas de gestão das Unidades de Conservação, resultando em conflitos. Este trabalho pretende analisar as relações de interesse, poder e disputa na construção da legitimidade entre os mediadores de órgãos estatais e representantes da sociedade civil no processo de implantação do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Porto Alegre/RS. Nesse contexto, onde os conflitos socioambientais emergem cada vez mais como problemas sociais, identificam-se as seguintes relações e disputas: a) agentes do campo técnico-científico x agentes do campo político; b) ações de preservação x ações de conservação ambiental; e c) alianças estratégicas e tácitas que distribuíram-se diferenciadamente no decorrer do processo, conforme a representação dos agentes envolvidos perante as propostas apresentadas para a implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Isso ocorreu, principalmente, entre ONGs ambientalistas, instituições religiosas, representantes de órgãos estatais e representantes das comunidades envolvidas. Utilizando como ferramenta a abordagem construcionista (HANNIGAN, 1996), identifica-se que o processo de implantação do Parque, ao longo de quase 30 anos, institucionalizou uma arena de polarização interna entre agentes com capitais desiguais que utilizam, de forma estratégica, recursos argumentativos e simbólicos para se legitimarem perante o processo decisório de implantação dessa Unidade de Conservação. Portanto, o que faz com que esses agentes conflitem entre si, são os seus diversos interesses (econômico, político, social, científico) que estão por trás das distintas propostas de zoneamento do Parque Estadual do Delta do Jacuí-RS. / The vertiginous growth of metropolitan areas has caused peripheral human settlements within river basin, slopes or any zone with an environmental relevance. At the same time, the environmental organizations, which have been administrated by the State, have employed homogeneous policies for managing the Conservations Units, having as results several conflicts. This work attempts to analyze the relationships in terms of interests, power and dispute in the construction of legitimacy among mediators from state organisms and representatives from civil society during the implantation process of the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí” [Jacui Delta State Park], Porto Alegre/RS. Within this context, in which social-environmental conflicts come up even more as social problems, it has been identified the following disputes: a) agents who act on a technical and scientific field x agents who act on a politic field, b) actions for preserving x actions for conserving environment; and c) strategic and tacit alliances that have been distributed differentially throughout the process, according to the representation of the involved agents, in presence of proposes which have been presented for the implantation of this Conservation Unit. This occurred, mainly, among environmentalist NGOs, religious institutions, representatives of state agencies and involved communities. Using the constructionist approach (HANNIGAN, 1996) as an analyzing instrument, it has been identified that the implantation process of the “Parque”, for almost 30 years, has institutionalized an arena for internal polarization among agents with unequal capitals, who use, in an strategic way, argumentative and symbolic resources for legitimate themselves, in presence of the deciding process for implanting this Conservation Unit. Therefore, what cause agents to confront themselves are their different interests (economic, politic, social, technical and scientific) that are behind of the different proposes for rezoning the “Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí-RS”

Historical fencing represents an interesting leisure time activity that thousands of people in the Czech Republic devote, most of them joining historical fencing groups. There is a relatively strong hierarchy within a number of groups. The main goal of the thesis is to reveal mechanisms, by which the hierachies in the particular group are generated, maintained, how these hierarchies affect the behaviour of individuals and how an individual can move up and down in the group's hierarchy. The secondary goal of the thesis is to focus on the role of gender in relation to group hierarchies and how is gender done in a group. To get the data qualitative research methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews are used. The thesis is supplemented by a photo documentation. Theoretical framework used in the research is mainly Bourdieu's capitals and the subculture capital. In addition the concept of authenticity became important during the research. Based on the data the most important capitals are objecitified and embodied subcultural capital, physical capital and social capital. For subcultural studies is very typical the engagement in the subculture, in this case subcultural engagement proved to be important mainly for the non-fighting members of the group. Within the group gender has not...

Economic downturns and the subsequent trends of privatization and marketization that follow have prompted the development and expansion of urban commons as the commoner searches for more participatory forms of governance. Modern member-driven and non-profit organizations, like makerspaces, are utilizing the digital commons to provide more accessibility and autonomy, reducing the need for external funding and providing a means to crowdsource information and manage shared resources. This research investigates how combining digital and physical forms of governance, communication and learning can enable urban commons to sustain themselves and eventually compete with the mainstream market. In this research the case study of the Stockholm Makerspace is analyzed through two theoretical lenses, firstly Ostrom’s eight design principles and secondly the community capitals framework. The research methodology involved an open-ended survey, desktop study, and a digital ethnography. I found that digital commons provide an accessible arena for conflict resolution, community planning, and informal education by facilitating interpersonal relations for urban dwellers with weak social ties. The digital infrastructure also provides a platform for group monitoring and community awareness that I think is vital to maintaining a satisfied body of members.

I sought to find out whether this was a tension between artistic and commercial in the career of visual artists, and if so, how this tension was managed. In attempting to uncover information which could address the research question I undertook in-depth career history interviews with artists which covered their time at art school through to their current practice. The career history method was deliberately chosen in order to address the research question at a tangent as both the literature, and my own personal experience of the field of contemporary visual art, had suggested that the topic of artistic and commercial was a sensitive one. By framing the interviews around the experiences the artists had through the time period of their training and career, I was able to approach the research questions indirectly from the perspective of the artists. Through analysis of the interview transcripts the framework of Bourdieu's capitals arose as one that would capably explain the activities which the artists were undertaken and I used this as a framing device for the empirical chapters in the thesis. In exploring ideas of cultural, social and economic capitals in relation to how artists describe the activities they undertake during their career it became apparent that the broad structures of cultural capital needed further refinement in their application to the careers of visual artists. In the thesis I chose to elaborate further on the concept of artistic capital which has, until now, been unexplored by scholars. I have developed an understanding of artistic capital as a subcategory of cultural capital with particular application to the field of contemporary visual art – with the potential for wider application beyond the thesis. The three capitals of artistic, social and economic proved a capable structure for understanding whether there was a tension between artistic and commercial and how artists managed this. Through this research I have found that artists come to believe, during their early career and training through art school, that there is a tension between artistic and commercial as this is perpetuated by institutions and art world participants through their exclusion or dismissal of commercial aspects of the visual art field. Through their careers they come to realise that this tension is less prevalent than they thought and that they are able to manage these two aspects of artistic and commercial more effectively. However, artists continue to be faced with instances where this tension is imposed upon them by other art world players who perpetuate the belief that there is an inherent, unresolvable tension between artistic and commercial. These individuals attempt to shield artists from this perceived tension later in their careers when artists are already adept at managing the competing priorities of artistic and commercial without the two creating tension.