Orientador: Mário de Beni Arrigoni / Banca: Paulo Roberto Leme / Banca: Rafael da Costa Cervieri / Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os possíveis impactos causados pela suplementação de anticorpos policlonais Y contra Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum e algumas cepas de bacterias proteolíticas, ou monensina sódica na carcaça e qualidade de carne de bovinos jovens. Foram usados 72 animais, sendo 24 nelores puros, NE, 24 canchins (3/8 Nelore e 5/8 Charolês, CC) e 24 Tri-cross (½ sangue Brangus, ¼ Nelore e ¼ Angus, TC), desmamados com sete meses de idade. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta de alta proporção de concentrado duas vezes ao dia, no período da manhã e tarde e monitorados a cada 28 dias com ultra-som em tempo real. Não houve interação (P>0,05) aditivo x grupo genético. NE apresentaram menor (P<0,05) peso inicial, final, área de olho de lombo e quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados e maior CLA (P<0,01) quando comparados aos outros grupos genéticos. CC apresentou maior (P<0,05) área de olho de lombo e menor (P<0,05) espessura de gordura subcutânea, comparando TC e NE. TC obteve menor (P<0,05) rendimento de carcaça e força de cisalhamento. O grupo suplementado com anticorpos obteve menor rendimento de carcaça, enquanto não houve efeito de aditivo para os demais parâmetros avaliados. O uso de anticorpos não afetou negativamente os parâmetros estudados neste trabalho, salvo o rendimento de carcaça. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feed additive (300 mg monensin/hd, MO, vs 10 mL/hd of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactateproducing bacteria, PAP ) or biotype (Nellore, NE, Canchim cross, 5/8 Charolais, 3/8 Nellore, CC, or a 3-way cross, ½ Brangus, ¼ Nellore and ¼ Angus, TC) on ultrasound (US)-assessed measures of fat and ribeye area, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi tenderness (shear force, SF, and myofibrillar fragmentation index, MFI) of bullocks fed high-concentrate diets. 72 bullocks were allocated in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement replicated thrice (4 bullocks/pen) of feed additive (FA) and biotype (GG), and monitored monthly for a 107-d (CC and TC) or 147-d (NE) feeding period. Analyses of variance included the initial measurement covariate when appropriate (P < 0.05). Final (BW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) were unaffected (P < 0.05) by FA, but were lower (P < 0.05) for NE than CC and TC. Dressing percentage (DP) was lower (P < 0.05) for TC than NE and CC bullocks. Monensin had greater (P < 0.05) DP than PAP. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of FA on monthly measurements of fat depth (BFT), rump fat (P8), visceral fat (VF), ribeye area (REA), or SF and MFI. Bullocks of CC biotype were leaner (P < 0.05; less BFT and P8) than those of TC and NE biotypes. Bullocks of NE biotype had smaller (P < 0.05) REA than those of CC and TC biotypes. Steaks of TC biotype had lower (P < 0.05) SF values than those of the other biotypes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in MFI or VF due to biotypes. NE presented greater (P<0,01) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and CLA. Other than effects of PAP on DP, PAP did not affect carcass fat, REA or tenderness. / Mestre

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The objective present work was to evaluate the weight earnings, the morfometric and the characteristics of carcass of two genotype of lambs fedlot hair, Santa Ines and Somalis. Two experiments were accomplished: I - for weight earnings and morfometric of males and females, in confinement, and II - for evaluation of the characteristics of carcass of the males. In the experiment I, 10 males and 10 females of the race Santa Ines, and 10 males and 06 females of the race Somalis, were used, in a completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (two races and two sexes), which totaled four treatments. The adopted alimentary handling was the supply of pricked grass-elephant and concentrated (400g/head/day), distributed in the morning and in the afternoon. The experimental period had duration of 60 days, where every fifteen days the animals were heavy and accomplished the following weight measures: withers height (HW), crop height (CH),thorax height (TH), length of the body (LB), thoracic perimeter (TP), width of the thorax (WT), width of the croup (WC), croup length (CL), ileum width (IW) and width isqueum (IW). In the experiment II, a completely randomized design, where nine males Santa Ines and six Somalis were abated when they reached an average of 28 kg of alive weight. The appraised characteristics were, the alive discount weight (DW), hot carcass weigh (HCW), cold carcass weigh (CCW), hot carcass revenues (HCR) and cold (CCR), cooling loss (CL), internal length of the carcass (CLI) and the index of compactness of the carcass (ICC). In the cold carcass they were appraised the revenue of the following commercial cuts: neck, palette, whole loin, leg, chest, rack, rib and flank. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the races and enter the sexes so much for the corporal weight as for most of the accomplished measures, of the 150 to the 210 days of age, and the race Santa Ines was superior the race Somalis, and the superior males the females. Among the carcass characteristics, the race Somalis presented smaller averages for PR and ML (P<0.05) than Santa Ines. There were not significant differences for the other carcass characteristics, as well as for the revenues of the cuts, among the appraised races. Santa Ines presented larger weights, weight measures, internal length of the carcass and it breaks for cooling than Somalis. With relationship to the revenue of the commercial cuts accomplished in the carcass the races sheeps Santa Ines and Somalis they were similar to each other / O objetivo presente trabalho foi avaliar o ganho de peso, a morfometria e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa de dois genÃtipos de ovinos deslanados, Santa InÃs e Somalis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: I â para ganho de peso e morfometria de machos e fÃmeas, em confinamento, e II â para avaliaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa dos machos. No experimento I, foram utilizados 10 machos e 10 fÃmeas da raÃa Santa InÃs, e 10 machos e 06 fÃmeas da raÃa Somalis Brasileiros, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (duas raÃas e dois sexos), o qual totalizou quatro tratamentos. O manejo alimentar adotado foi o fornecimento de capim-elefante picado e concentrado (400g/ cabeÃa/dia), distribuÃdos pela manhà e à tarde. O perÃodo experimental teve duraÃÃo de 60 dias, onde a cada quinze dias os animais foram pesados e realizadas as seguintes medidas corporais: altura da cernelha (ACE), altura da garupa (AGA), altura do tÃrax (ATO), comprimento do corpo (CCO), perÃmetro torÃcico (PTO), largura do tÃrax (LTO), largura da garupa (LGA), comprimento da garupa (CGA), largura do Ãlio (LIL) e largura do Ãsquio (LIS). No experimento II, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde nove machos Santa InÃs e seis Somalis foram abatidos quando atingiram uma mÃdia de 28 kg de peso vivo. As caracterÃsticas avaliadas foram, o peso vivo ao abate (PVA), peso da carcaÃa quente (PCQ), peso da carcaÃa fria (PCF), rendimentos de carcaÃa quente (RCQ) e fria (RCF), perda por resfriamento (PR), comprimento interno da carcaÃa (ML) e o Ãndice de compacidade da carcaÃa (ICC). Na carcaÃa fria foram avaliados o rendimento dos seguintes cortes comerciais: pescoÃo, paleta, lombo inteiro, perna, peito, carrÃ, costela e fraldinha. Houve diferenÃa significativa (p<0,05) entre as raÃas e entre os sexos tanto para o peso corporal como para a maioria das medidas realizadas, dos 150 aos 210 dias de idade, sendo que a raÃa Santa InÃs foi superior a raÃa Somalis, e os machos superiores as fÃmeas. Dentre as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, a raÃa Somalis apresentou menores mÃdias para PR e ML (p<0,05) do que a Santa InÃs. NÃo houve diferenÃas significativas para as demais caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, como tambÃm para os rendimentos dos cortes, entre as raÃas avaliadas. A Santa InÃs apresentou maiores pesos, medidas corporais, comprimento interno da carcaÃa e quebra por resfriamento do que a Somalis. Quanto ao rendimento dos cortes comerciais realizados na carcaÃa as raÃas ovinas Santa InÃs e Somalis foram semelhantes entre si.

Two trials were conducted, one using crossbred steers (Trial 1; N=275; 376±24 kg) and a second using Hereford heifers (Trial 2; N=5; 420±6 kg) to evaluate the performance, carcass quality, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration averaged 87.7% rolled barley grain, 5.6% supplement and 6.8% barley silage (DM basis) over both trials. Dietary treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. For Trial 1, steers were slaughtered at a constant finish weight of 645 kg. Data was analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS quadratically increased dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS quadratically decreased DMI (P=0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P=0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P=0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P<0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P=0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 days) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P<0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P=0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P>0.10) by treatment.<p> Trial 2 evaluated the effects of corn and wheat DDGS on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility parameters. Rumen pH, duration and area under rumen pH thresholds of 5.8, 5.5 and 5.2 were not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. Wheat DDGS inclusion increased (P=0.01) rumen ammonia-N levels in a linear fashion, while the inclusion of both wheat and corn DDGS resulted in quadratic (P=0.01) and linear (P=0.01) increases in butyrate concentration, respectively. Feeding corn DDGS also decreased total rumination time linearly (P=0.01) and DMI in a quadratic (P=0.04) fashion. Feeding wheat DDGS decreased (P=0.01) DM digestibility in a linear fashion. Wheat and corn DDGS inclusion quadratically increased (P=0.01) the digestibility of crude fat while feeding corn DDGS also linearly increased (P=0.01) the digestibility of crude protein. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P=0.01) as both wheat and corn DDGS inclusion increased while ADF digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P=0.03) for wheat and in a quadratic (P=0.02) fashion for corn DDGS. The digestibility of both NDIN and ADIN increased (P=0.01) in a quadratic fashion for both corn and wheat DDGS inclusion level. Increased inclusions of wheat DDGS resulted in a linear decrease in gross energy digestibility (P=0.01), but neither wheat nor corn DDGS inclusion affected diet digestible energy content (P>0.05). Feeding both wheat and corn DDGS increased (P=0.01) the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus.<p> Replacement of barley grain with up to 40% corn or wheat DDGS improved gain:feed and reduced days on feed, respectively with no detrimental effect on carcass quality grade or sub-primal boneless boxed beef yield. The results of this project also indicate that the inclusion of corn and wheat DDGS (up to 40%) in feedlot rations does not mitigate ruminal acidosis, however the inclusion of both byproducts strongly impacts nutrient (crude fat, ADF, NDF, ADIN and NDIN) digestibility.

Two trials were conducted, one using crossbred steers (Trial 1; N=275; 376±24 kg) and a second using Hereford heifers (Trial 2; N=5; 420±6 kg) to evaluate the performance, carcass quality, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration averaged 87.7% rolled barley grain, 5.6% supplement and 6.8% barley silage (DM basis) over both trials. Dietary treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. For Trial 1, steers were slaughtered at a constant finish weight of 645 kg. Data was analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS quadratically increased dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS quadratically decreased DMI (P=0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P=0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P=0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P<0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P=0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 days) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P<0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P=0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P>0.10) by treatment.<p> Trial 2 evaluated the effects of corn and wheat DDGS on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility parameters. Rumen pH, duration and area under rumen pH thresholds of 5.8, 5.5 and 5.2 were not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. Wheat DDGS inclusion increased (P=0.01) rumen ammonia-N levels in a linear fashion, while the inclusion of both wheat and corn DDGS resulted in quadratic (P=0.01) and linear (P=0.01) increases in butyrate concentration, respectively. Feeding corn DDGS also decreased total rumination time linearly (P=0.01) and DMI in a quadratic (P=0.04) fashion. Feeding wheat DDGS decreased (P=0.01) DM digestibility in a linear fashion. Wheat and corn DDGS inclusion quadratically increased (P=0.01) the digestibility of crude fat while feeding corn DDGS also linearly increased (P=0.01) the digestibility of crude protein. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P=0.01) as both wheat and corn DDGS inclusion increased while ADF digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P=0.03) for wheat and in a quadratic (P=0.02) fashion for corn DDGS. The digestibility of both NDIN and ADIN increased (P=0.01) in a quadratic fashion for both corn and wheat DDGS inclusion level. Increased inclusions of wheat DDGS resulted in a linear decrease in gross energy digestibility (P=0.01), but neither wheat nor corn DDGS inclusion affected diet digestible energy content (P>0.05). Feeding both wheat and corn DDGS increased (P=0.01) the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus.<p> Replacement of barley grain with up to 40% corn or wheat DDGS improved gain:feed and reduced days on feed, respectively with no detrimental effect on carcass quality grade or sub-primal boneless boxed beef yield. The results of this project also indicate that the inclusion of corn and wheat DDGS (up to 40%) in feedlot rations does not mitigate ruminal acidosis, however the inclusion of both byproducts strongly impacts nutrient (crude fat, ADF, NDF, ADIN and NDIN) digestibility.

Bos indicus influenced primiparous heifers (n = 300) and yearling Beefmaster heifers (n = 172) were evaluated to determine relationships between serial carcass ultrasound traits and ability to breed in short (45 to 90 d) breeding seasons. Data collected included carcass ultrasound traits: ribeye area (REA), intramuscular fat (IMF), rump fat (UFAT), ribfat, weight, and body condition score taken at yearling age, pregnancy determination, before breeding, and after the breeding season when pregnancy status was recorded. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of ultrasound traits and body condition on pregnancy status. Odds ratios suggested the likelihood of primiparous cattle rebreeding would have been increased by 93% if IMF would have averaged 3.5% instead of 2.5% as yearlings, or an increase in the average ribfat as yearlings from 0.287 to 0.387 cm would have increased the odds of rebreeding by 88%. Increased average body condition score of 6.5 rather than 5.5 at 30 days postpartum in primiparous cows was estimated to have increased rebreeding 367%. The odds of yearling Beefmaster heifers successfully breeding during a 45-day season would have been increased by 73% (year 1) or 274% (year 2) by increasing REA 6.4 to 6.5 cm^2 at a year of age. Steers were serially scanned beginning at approximately 265 kg of body weight through harvest in 56 day +/- 6 intervals. Data collected included ultrasound measurements (ribeye area (REA), 12th rib fat thickness (RibFat), percent intramuscular fat (IMF), and rump fat (UFAT)), weight, and carcass data. Days to choice was calculated for each steer based on a linear regression. The IMF deposition was quantified as quadratic from scans 1-6 and linear when cattle were on full feed. Prediction models at scans 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 yielded R-square values of 0.20, 0.25, 0.41, 0.48, 0.59, and 0.49, respectively for days to choice. Odds ratios suggested that if steers in this study had averaged 3.78% at day 0 rather than 2.78, the odds of cattle grading premium choice or greater would have been increased by 300%.

We hypothesized that slip point of subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue lipids would predict beef carcass quality. To address our hypothesis, 79 M. longissimus dorsi (LD) steaks from cattle of unknown background were used to provide information on slip points, percentage intramuscular lipid, fatty acid composition, and MUFA:SFA ratios. Overlying s.c. adipose tissue was separated from the muscle lean, which contained intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissue. Lipids were extracted from s.c. adipose tissue and muscle lean by a modified chloroform:methanol procedure and subjected to various analyses. The hypothesis was tested by developing regression equations to determine which fatty acid variables were most useful in predicting carcass composition. There was a high correlation between s.c. MUFA:SFA ratio and s.c. slip points (P < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.557. Also, the MUFA:SFA fatty acid ratios of s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue were significantly correlated and an R2 of 0.440 was observed (P < 0.001) when regressed against each other. The current data set observed s.c. MUFA:SFA ratios (0.73) lower than previous studies, which suggests a population of young or unfinished cattle. This study demonstrated that it is possible to predict the intramuscular lipid (IML) MUFA:SFA ratio by measuring s.c. slip point (R2 of 0.097; P < 0.01). However, our hypothesis of predicting amount of marbling, hence quality grade, from the melting temperature of s.c. adipose tissue lipids proved incorrect (R2 = 0.001). Nonetheless, these data indicate that LD fatty acid composition can be estimated by measuring s.c. adipose tissue slip point.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of trimming the original external carcass surfaces from subprimals during fabrication on the reduction of surrogates for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Carcass sides from five cattle (n = 10 sides) were inoculated along the pattern hide opening before entering the blast chill cooler with a gelatin slurry containing a bacterial cocktail of three rifampicin-resistant, nonpathogenic E. coli Biotype I strains. Following a 48 h chill, sides were fabricated to produce eight subprimals (brisket, chuck, clod, rib, bottom round, top sirloin, short loin, and inside round). Microbiological samples were taken from the original carcass fat surface area, initial lean surface area, trimmed fat surface area (where applicable), and trimmed lean surface area (where applicable). Trimming of the external fat surfaces reduced (P < 0.05) microbiological counts on the newly exposed lean surfaces of all eight subprimals during fabrication. However, these data also indicated that fat and lean surfaces that were not initially exposed to contamination became contaminated during the fabrication process. Trimming external surfaces reduces levels of pathogens, but under normal fabrication processes, pathogens may still be spread to the newly exposed surfaces.

Angus - Bos indicus (Brahman or Nellore) reciprocal backcross embryo transfer calves belonging to 28 full-sib families were evaluated for differences in birth weight (BW), gestation length (GL), weaning weight (WW), carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle area (REA), fat thickness (adjusted (ADJFAT) and actual(ACTFAT)), intramuscular fat (MARB), and Warner-Bratzler shear force tenderness (WBSF). Family types with a greater proportion of Bos indicus in the sire in relation to the amount in the dam (F1 x A and B x F1) averaged longer GL and heavier BW than their respective reciprocal crosses (A x F1 and F1 x B). Calves had longer GL when the F1 parent was BA as opposed to AB. Small differences (statistically insignificant) were detected for BW, but no consistent difference was found between offspring of AB and BA parental types, with the exception of male F1-sired calves. F1 x A and B x F1 crosses also showed a large BW difference between males and females (about 5.0 kg), while A x F1 and F1 x B crosses showed no BW difference between males and females. Further examination within each sex showed a difference between male reciprocals that was two times that of females. Calves with a higher percentage of Bos indicus in the sire compared to the proportion in the dam showed the same trend, as they were still heavier at weaning, and produced heavier carcasses than the reciprocal crosses, though these differences were not significant. As a whole, A backcross calves had more ACTFAT, more ADJFAT, larger REA, more MARB, and lower WBSF than B backcross calves, though no significant differences were detected between reciprocal crosses for any of these traits. These results suggest that for weight related traits, especially BW, both the breed constitution of the calf and the cross that produces the calf play an important role in its ultimate performance for Bos indicus crossbred calves. For carcass and meat related traits, it appears that the breed make-up of the calf itself is more significant in influencing performance than the cross used to produce the calf.

Effects of a 10% xylitol solution (X) on adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella serotype Typhimurium to meat surfaces were examined utilizing three approaches. In Experiment 1, rifampicin-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium were dispersed in xylitol or a peptone solution (containing approximately 8.9 mean log per ml of each pathogen) and used to inoculate beef outside round meat surfaces. Samples were then rinsed with water or not rinsed in a 2X2 factorial arrangement. No interaction existed between inoculum type and post-inoculation treatments (P > 0.84). Incubation of pathogens in peptone or xylitol had minimal impact on pathogen adhesion (P > 0.76). Rinsing reduced counts by approximately 0.5 log CFU/cm2 (P < 0.01). Experiment 2 meat samples received a pretreatment of a water rinse, xylitol, or no rinse, followed by inoculation with pathogens dispersed in peptone solution (containing approximately 8.6 log mean log per ml of each pathogen). Samples received a post-inoculation treatment of a water rinse, xylitol rinse or no rinse in a 3X3 factorial arrangement. No interactions between pre- and post-inoculation factors were observed for surface pathogen load (P > 0.50). Post-inoculation rinsing reduced counts by approximately 0.5 log CFU/cm2 (P < 0.01) with no difference between water and xylitol (P > 0.64). Experiment 3 carcass surfaces were inoculated with pathogens at an initial level of 5.5 log CFU/cm2 and received a hot (35°C) water wash, 2.5% L-lactic acid spray, 10% xylitol spray, lactic acid + xylitol or hot water + xylitol. Pathogen counts were taken at 0 and 24 h post treatment. Lactic acid treatments reduced Salmonella by 3.3 log CFU/cm2 at 0 h (P < 0.01) and by 2.6 log CFU/cm2 after 24 h (P < 0.02). Hot water treatments reduced Salmonella by 1.5 log CFU/cm2 at 0 h (P < 0.07). Xylitol did not minimize pathogens (P > 0.62) nor did it increase effectiveness of other treatments. These data indicate that xylitol is ineffective at preventing E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium adhesion to meat surfaces.

Darbo tikslas: ištirti galvijų masės ir amžiaus įtaką, skerdenų išeigai ir kokybei. Temos aktualumas: Galvijų skerdenų klasifikacija pagal raumenų išsivystymą šlaunų, nugaros ir menčių. Riebalų sluoksnio skerdenos išorėje ir krūtinės ertmėje suaugusių galvijų skerdenų skirstymas. Galvijų skerdenos išeiga ir kokybė priklauso nuo gyvulio masės. Bulių ir buliukų masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,3 – 1,3 %, skerdenų įvertintų O klase padaugėjo 0,7 – 5 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,7 – 6,4 %. Telyčių masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,4 – 0,6 %, skerdenų įvertintų O klase padidėjo 0,5 – 3,8 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,9 – 5,4 %. Karvių masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,2 – 1,7 %, o skerdenų įvertintų O klase padidėjo 0,5 – 19,5 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,5 – 19,5 %. Tikslingiausia realizuoti gerai nupenėtus buliukus 500 ir daugiau kg masės. Telyčias 450 ir daugiau kg masės. Galvijų skerdenos išeiga ir kokybė priklauso nuo gyvulio amžiaus. / Industrial aim: Explore livestock weight and age carcass influence exposure and quality. Subject relevance livestock carcass classification after muscular development back, stumps. Fat coat carcass face and pectoral cavity full-sized livestock carcass distribution. Livestock carcass exposure and quality belong from livestock weight. Neat and hog weight increase 50 kg, their carcass influence increase 0,3 – 1,3 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,7 – 5 %, appraise P class abate 0,7 – 6,4 %. Heifer weight increase 50 kg their carcass influence 0,4 – 0,6 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,5 – 3.8 %, appraise P class abate 0,9 – 5.4 %. Cow weight increase 50 kg their carcass influence increase 0,2 – 1,7 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,5 – 19,5 %, appraise P class abate 0,5 – 19,5 %. Intention realize good fat hog 500 and more kg weight. Heifer 450 and more kg weight. Livestock carcass exposure and quality belong from livestock age.