Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [121]-138).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, May, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-121).

The binding of CD80/CD86 on the APC to CD28 on the T cell surface provides a second signal for T cell activation. While it was once believed that this interaction represented a one-way signal, resulting in T cell activation, recently, it has been investigated as a bidirectional signaling process. CD80/86 activation produces IL-6 in DCs, but its role in macrophage activation is unknown. Dysregulation of CD80/86 expression has been observed in autoimmune disorders and cancer, and may also influence the development of immune responses including production of cytokines in response to stimulation with TLR-4 ligand, LPS. Therefore, the focus of my project was twofold: 1) to investigate the role of CD80/86 as signaling receptors capable of transmitting extracellular signals, and 2) to determine the TLR-4 activated pathways that regulate CD80/86 expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Since I demonstrated that activation of CD80/86 alone did not induce expression of the four cytokines investigated, I hypothesized that CD80/86 synergizes with other signaling pathways. I show for the first time that CD80/86 activation synergizes with TLR-4 signaling to produce IL-27 and IL-10 in human MDMs. Since cIAPs play a key role in TLR-4-mediated signaling, I investigated their role in TLR-4- and CD80/86-activated production of IL-10 and IL-27. Degradation of IAPs by SMAC mimetics inhibited LPS-induced IL-10 and IL-27 production in MDMs. However, it did not alter the TLR-4 and CD80/86 synergistic effect on IL-10 and IL-27 production suggesting that IAPs may not play a role in CD80/86 activation of macrophages. Since I have demonstrated this role for IAPs, I extended my studies by examining the involvement of IAPs and other upstream signaling molecules such as SHP-1, RIP1, TRAF2, in modulating the LPS-induced CD80/86 expression. I showed that cIAP2, SHP-1, RIP1, TRAF2 co-localize to form a complex that regulates the LPS-induced CD80 and CD86 expression through AKT-activated p38 MAPK in human macrophages. These findings may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-26T14:09:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianomazzoccoli.pdf: 1325202 bytes, checksum: 7054f92647dc1e9d86442d0be8eec899 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:47:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianomazzoccoli.pdf: 1325202 bytes, checksum: 7054f92647dc1e9d86442d0be8eec899 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianomazzoccoli.pdf: 1325202 bytes, checksum: 7054f92647dc1e9d86442d0be8eec899 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-29 / A talidomida é utilizada no tratamento de diversas doenças incluindo o eritema nodoso leproso (ENL), uma complicação inflamatória da Hanseníase. Contudo, apresenta atividade teratogênica severa e novos análogos podem ser usados no tratamento da doença sem apresentar este efeito colateral. Uma série de compostos diamínicos contendo duas subunidades ftalimídicas abertas foram escolhidos como análogos da talidomida. Nossos resultados mostram que compostos contendo dois grupos ftalimídicos podem ser facilmente obtidos em elevada quantidade através da condensação de anidrido ftálico ou anidrido 3-nitroftálico com diferentes diaminas comercialmente disponíveis. O efeito destes compostos na produção de TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10 e NO, e na expressão de CD80 e CD86 em células J774A.1 estimuladas com LPS/IFN-γ foi investigado. O nível de mRNA para TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10 e iNOS em J774A.1 foi analisado por RT-PCR em tempo real. Células do sangue periférico humano (PBMC) foram usadas para avaliar a produção de TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ , CXCL9 e CXCL10. A produção de citocinas foi avaliada por ELISA, a produção de NO pelo método de Griess, e a expressão de CD80, CD86, CXCL9 e CXCL10 por citometria de fluxo. As células J774A.1 foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações dos compostos (entre 1 a 880 μM) e após 1h foram estimuladas com LPS (1 μg/ml) e IFN-γ (0,4 ng/ml) por 18h. PBMC humano foi incubado de forma similar e estimulado com LPS (2 μg/ml). Três compostos inibiram de forma elevada a produção de TNF-α , IL-12 e NO, conquanto que aumentaram a produção de IL-10. Além disto, inibiram a expressão de CD80, mas não de CD86. Os resultados analisados por RT-PCR em tempo real indicaram que esses compostos atuaram em eventos pós-transcricionais. Os compostos N, N'-Di-(2-carboxi-benzoil)-1,3-propanodiamina, N, N'-Di-(2-carboxi-3-nitro-benzoil)-1,2-etilenodiamina e N, N'-Di-(2-carboxi-3-nitro-benzoil)-1,6-hexanodiamina inibiram mais a produção de TNF-α do que a talidomida (IC50 de 55 μM, 5 μM, 6,1 μM e 220 μM, respectivamente) e também tiveram efeito inibitório na produção de IFN-γ, IL-6, CXCL9 e CXCL10. Os compostos não tiveram efeito na viabilidade celular avaliada por azul de Trypan e por MTT. Este trabalho mostra a síntese e caracterização de novos análogos da talidomida, obtidos em bom rendimento utilizando metodologia simples. Nossos resultados sugerem que a potencial atividade anti-inflamatória e imunorregulatória destes compostos diamínicos apresentam potencial aplicação no tratamento de ENL e outras doenças. / Thalidomide is used to treat various diseases including erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), an inflammatory complication of leprosy. However, it has severe teratogenic activity and novel thalidomide analogues might be used to treat the disease without this severe side effect. A series of diamine compounds containing two hydrolyzed phthalimido structures were chosen as analogues of thalidomide. Our results show that compounds bearing two phthalimido units could easily be obtained in high yield by condensation of phthalic or 3-nitrophthalic anhydride with the different diamines comercially available. The effects of these compounds on production of TNF-γ, IL-12, IL-10 and NO, and on expression of CD80 and CD86 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated J774A.1 cells were investigated. The level of TNF-, IL-12, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA in J774A.1 was analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Human peripheral blood (PBMC) was used to evaluate TNF-γ, IFN-α, CXCL9 and CXCL10 production. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA, NO production by the Griess assay, and CD80, CD86, CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression by cytometry. J774A.1 cells were incubated with different concentrations of the compounds (between 1 and 880 μM) and after 1h stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) and IFN-γ (0,4 ng/ml) for 18h. Human PBMC were similarly incubated with the compounds and stimulated by LPS (2 μg/ml). Three compounds greatly inhibited TNF-α, IL-12 and NO production while enhancing IL-10. In addition, CD80 expression was inhibited, but not CD86. The result analyzed by real time RT-PCR indicates that these compounds act in the blocking of post-transcriptional events. The compounds N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-benzoyl)-1,3-propanediamine, N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-3-nitro-benzoyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine e N, N'-Di-(2-carboxy-3-nitro-benzoyl)-1,6-hexanediamine inhibited TNF-α production by PBMC greater then thalidomide (IC50 de 55 μM, 5 μM, 6.1 μM and 220 μM, respectively) and also had a inhibitory effect on IFN-γ , IL-6, CXCL9 and CXCL10 production. The compounds had no effect on cell viability, evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay. This work describes the synthesis and characterization novel thalidomide analogues, prepared in good yields using simple methodology. Our results suggest that the potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of these diamine compounds is potentially applicable in treating ENL and other diseases.

Adenoviruses belong to the most common human pathogens. The severity of infection varies greatly, from subclinical to lethal, depending on the virus type and immune status of the infected host. The 51 known human adenovirus serotypes are divided into six species (A-F) based on characteristics such as tropism. Species B adenoviruses, which are the subjects of this thesis, are further divided into subspecies B:1 that contains Ad3, Ad7, Ad16, Ad21 and Ad50 and subspecies B:2 that contains Ad11, Ad14, Ad34 and Ad35. Species B adenoviruses primarily cause ocular and respiratory tract infections, but certain serotypes (Ad11, Ad34 and Ad35) are also associated with renal disease. The main aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize cellular receptors for species B adenoviruses. This will ultimately help to understand the diverse tropism shown by different adenoviruses and perhaps contribute to development of antivirals. Also, since adenoviruses are among the most commonly used vector for gene therapy it is of importance to characterize the initial steps of adenovirus life cycle. Members of species B adenoviruses have been shown to utilize both the complement regulating membrane cofactor protein (MCP), i.e. CD46, and a still unknown receptor. CD80 and CD86, usually found on antigen-presenting cells, have also been suggested as receptors We found first that Ad11 used CD46 as a cellular receptor on respiratory A549 cells, and subsequently that CD46 is a cellular receptor for all species B adenovirus serotypes, except for adenovirus types 3 and 7, using cells that represent the tropism of species B adenoviruses, i.e. respiratory, conjunctival and renal epithelial cells. We further compared the relative roles of CD46 with CD80 and CD86 using cells that represent species B adenovirus tropism. Using soluble candidate receptors and antibodies against corresponding receptors to challenge virus binding to and infection of cells, we found that on these cells, CD46 is a cellular receptor for all species B adenoviruses except Ad3 and Ad7, and that CD80 and CD86 do not play an important role. We have further pinpointed the interaction site for Ad11 on CD46 by X-ray crystallography. The extracellular region of CD46 contains four short consensus repeats (SCR1-4) of which the outermost N-terminal SCR1 and SCR2 mediate binding to Ad11. This interaction was confirmed by inhibiting infection and binding of Ad11 to A549 cells using soluble SCR1-2 fragments. Surprisingly the conformation of bound CD46 differs profoundly from its unbound state, with the bent surface structure straightened into an elongated rod. Viral proteins can sometimes undergo large conformational changes upon receptor binding, but this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a virus protein dramatically changing the overall structure of its receptor. CD46 serves as a receptor for a large number of viral and bacterial pathogens and it is structurally and functionally related to other viral receptors such as CD21 and CD55. The mode of interaction presented here may serve as a conceptual framework for studies of many other receptors that are constructed from SCR domains.

The immune checkpoint blockade is a novel approach of cancer therapy, which markedly enhanced treatment efficacy of several cancer types. However, the frequency of cancer patients non-responding to this treatment is high. Establishment of predictive markers to distinguish patients suitable for the immune checkpoint blockade would enhance the number of patients receiving benefit from the therapy. This dissertation thesis focuses on the enhancement of efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and predictive markers in experimental models of mouse tumours induced by TC-1 and TC-1/A9 cell lines and its clones with deactivation of interferon (IFN)-γ signalling (TC-1/dIfngr1 and TC-1/A9/dIfngr1), or CD80 molecule (TC-1/dCD80-1). IFN-γ is presumed to be the main inducer of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and a major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I). Moreover, PD-L1 expression may predict sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Non-functional IFN-γ signalling or downregulated MHC-I expression has been associated with resistance to ICIs in some patients. We found that IFNs type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) induced the expression of PD-L1 and MHC-I on TC-1/A9/dIfngr1 tumour cells with reversible downregulation of both molecules. We also showed that deactivation of IFN-γ signalling in TC-1/A9 cells was not a...

As moléculas co-estimuladoras CD80 e CD86, expressas na superfície de células dendríticas (DCs), as principais células apresentadoras de antígenos profissionais (APCs), possuem participação fundamental na indução de resposta e manutenção de tolerância, motivo pelo qual são consideradas alvos terapêuticos promissores. Essas moléculas promovem o segundo sinal necessário à ativação e proliferação dos linfócitos T por meio da ligação ao receptor CD28, ou inibem a resposta por essas células por meio da ligação ao receptor CTLA-4, ambos expressos na superfície dos linfócitos. Muitos são os relatos da literatura indicando diferenças tanto quantitativas quanto qualitativas entre CD80 e CD86 na capacidade de ativação de linfócitos T, os mais relevantes apontando diferenças na capacidade de indução de diferenciação de linfócitos para os padrões Th1 e Th2 de secreção de citocinas. Porém, tais relatos são muitas vezes contraditórios, e o verdadeiro papel funcional dessas moléculas ainda está por ser estabelecido. Assim, propusemo-nos a estabelecer as metodologias necessárias para silenciar as moléculas CD80 e CD86 em células dendríticas (DCs) humanas, derivadas de monócitos do sangue periférico, por meio da tecnologia de RNA de interferência. Isso possibilitaria esclarecer o papel desempenhado por cada uma dessas moléculas na capacidade de ativação de linfócitos T. Para tanto, padronizou-se a transfecção reversa de DCs do quarto dia da cultura com siRNA fluorescente e os agentes de transfecção lipídicos siPORT e iMAX, tendo sido obtidas eficiências de transfecção de 64,7% ± 5,2 e 69,7% ± 14,5%, respectivamente. DCs do quarto dia de cultura foram transfectadas com siRNAs específicos para CD80, e o fenótipo avaliado após 48 horas da transfecção. Foi possível identificar, além do eficiente silenciamento de CD80 por dois dos três siRNAs testados, também uma diminuição, inesperada, de células CD86+. Para o silenciamento de CD86, células CD14+ selecionadas positivamente por beads magnéticas foram transfectadas com siRNAs específicos para CD86, ativadas após 24 horas da transfecção e o silenciamento avaliado após 24 horas da ativação. Embora o silenciamento conseguido por um dos dois siRNAs testados tenha sido muito pequeno, observou-se fenômeno equivalente, com diminuição de células CD80+. Embora inconclusivos, esses dados sugerem a possibilidade de modulação recíproca dessas moléculas. Assim, pudemos obter a transfecção eficiente de DCs com siRNAs de interesse e, através deles, modular a expressão de CD80 e CD86. Com estes instrumentos, portanto, podemos agora desenvolver estudos quanto ao papel de cada uma destas moléculas na fisiologia da apresentação antigênica pelas DCs. / The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, expressed on surface of dendritic cells (DCs), are essential to trigger T cell activation and to maintain self tolerance, indicating that these molecules are promising therapeutic targets. They can either bind to CD28 on T cells, promoting T cell activation and leading to their proliferation and cytokine production, or to CTLA-4, which is expressed following T cell activation, and can inhibit T cell response. Though CD80 and CD86 are thought to provide equivalent T cell costimulation, a growing body of evidence suggests that there are different functional consequences of CD28 engagement by these two molecules. Many reports point to variations in their ability to stimulate different lymphocyte subsets. However, there is still controversy in the literature and the actual role of CD80 and CD86 remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the methodology necessary to silence, by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), both CD80 and CD86 expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells. These findings would be the base of studys that could better elucidate the function of these two coestimulatory molecules in T cell activation. Therefore, transfection of 4th day DCs with fluorescent siRNA and lipidic transfection agents siPORT and iMAX was established, an d transfection efficiency observed was 64,7% ± 5,2 e 69,7% ± 14,5%, respectively. 4th day DCs were transfected with specific CD80 siRNAs and phenotype was observed after 48 hours of transfection. Besides CD80 efficient silencing by two from three siRNAs tested, there was an unexpected decrease in CD86+ cells. To establish CD86 silencing, CD14+ cells were positively selected with magnetic beads and immediately transfected with CD86 specific siRNAs, activated after 24 hours of transfection, and phenotype was observed after 24 hours of activation. Despite the fact that silencing conferred by one of two siRNAs was very low, equivalent phenomenon was observed, with a decrease in CD80+ cells. Although the observed effects were inconclusive, these data suggests a possible reciprocal modulation by these two molecules. Therefore, we were able to obtain efficient DC transfection with siRNAs of interest, as well as modulate CD80 and CD86 expression. With these instruments we can now develop studies regarding the real physiological role of these two costimulatory molecules in DCs antigen presentation.

As moléculas co-estimuladoras CD80 e CD86, expressas na superfície de células dendríticas (DCs), as principais células apresentadoras de antígenos profissionais (APCs), possuem participação fundamental na indução de resposta e manutenção de tolerância, motivo pelo qual são consideradas alvos terapêuticos promissores. Essas moléculas promovem o segundo sinal necessário à ativação e proliferação dos linfócitos T por meio da ligação ao receptor CD28, ou inibem a resposta por essas células por meio da ligação ao receptor CTLA-4, ambos expressos na superfície dos linfócitos. Muitos são os relatos da literatura indicando diferenças tanto quantitativas quanto qualitativas entre CD80 e CD86 na capacidade de ativação de linfócitos T, os mais relevantes apontando diferenças na capacidade de indução de diferenciação de linfócitos para os padrões Th1 e Th2 de secreção de citocinas. Porém, tais relatos são muitas vezes contraditórios, e o verdadeiro papel funcional dessas moléculas ainda está por ser estabelecido. Assim, propusemo-nos a estabelecer as metodologias necessárias para silenciar as moléculas CD80 e CD86 em células dendríticas (DCs) humanas, derivadas de monócitos do sangue periférico, por meio da tecnologia de RNA de interferência. Isso possibilitaria esclarecer o papel desempenhado por cada uma dessas moléculas na capacidade de ativação de linfócitos T. Para tanto, padronizou-se a transfecção reversa de DCs do quarto dia da cultura com siRNA fluorescente e os agentes de transfecção lipídicos siPORT e iMAX, tendo sido obtidas eficiências de transfecção de 64,7% ± 5,2 e 69,7% ± 14,5%, respectivamente. DCs do quarto dia de cultura foram transfectadas com siRNAs específicos para CD80, e o fenótipo avaliado após 48 horas da transfecção. Foi possível identificar, além do eficiente silenciamento de CD80 por dois dos três siRNAs testados, também uma diminuição, inesperada, de células CD86+. Para o silenciamento de CD86, células CD14+ selecionadas positivamente por beads magnéticas foram transfectadas com siRNAs específicos para CD86, ativadas após 24 horas da transfecção e o silenciamento avaliado após 24 horas da ativação. Embora o silenciamento conseguido por um dos dois siRNAs testados tenha sido muito pequeno, observou-se fenômeno equivalente, com diminuição de células CD80+. Embora inconclusivos, esses dados sugerem a possibilidade de modulação recíproca dessas moléculas. Assim, pudemos obter a transfecção eficiente de DCs com siRNAs de interesse e, através deles, modular a expressão de CD80 e CD86. Com estes instrumentos, portanto, podemos agora desenvolver estudos quanto ao papel de cada uma destas moléculas na fisiologia da apresentação antigênica pelas DCs. / The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, expressed on surface of dendritic cells (DCs), are essential to trigger T cell activation and to maintain self tolerance, indicating that these molecules are promising therapeutic targets. They can either bind to CD28 on T cells, promoting T cell activation and leading to their proliferation and cytokine production, or to CTLA-4, which is expressed following T cell activation, and can inhibit T cell response. Though CD80 and CD86 are thought to provide equivalent T cell costimulation, a growing body of evidence suggests that there are different functional consequences of CD28 engagement by these two molecules. Many reports point to variations in their ability to stimulate different lymphocyte subsets. However, there is still controversy in the literature and the actual role of CD80 and CD86 remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the methodology necessary to silence, by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), both CD80 and CD86 expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells. These findings would be the base of studys that could better elucidate the function of these two coestimulatory molecules in T cell activation. Therefore, transfection of 4th day DCs with fluorescent siRNA and lipidic transfection agents siPORT and iMAX was established, an d transfection efficiency observed was 64,7% ± 5,2 e 69,7% ± 14,5%, respectively. 4th day DCs were transfected with specific CD80 siRNAs and phenotype was observed after 48 hours of transfection. Besides CD80 efficient silencing by two from three siRNAs tested, there was an unexpected decrease in CD86+ cells. To establish CD86 silencing, CD14+ cells were positively selected with magnetic beads and immediately transfected with CD86 specific siRNAs, activated after 24 hours of transfection, and phenotype was observed after 24 hours of activation. Despite the fact that silencing conferred by one of two siRNAs was very low, equivalent phenomenon was observed, with a decrease in CD80+ cells. Although the observed effects were inconclusive, these data suggests a possible reciprocal modulation by these two molecules. Therefore, we were able to obtain efficient DC transfection with siRNAs of interest, as well as modulate CD80 and CD86 expression. With these instruments we can now develop studies regarding the real physiological role of these two costimulatory molecules in DCs antigen presentation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2005. / "May 2005." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-157). Also issued on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Maria de Melo Silva.pdf: 2215806 bytes, checksum: c9afeecd5c357af061e1b38a8a31df56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and remains a major worldwide public health problem, leading to almost 1.45 million deaths annually. The state of Amazonas has a high rate incidence of TB, about 68.3/100,000 inhabitants in 2012. Only 5 to 10% of infected individuals develop active TB. It has been suggested that host factors determine the immune response to pathogen. Thus, many immunogenetic researches have demonstrated TB associated genes, but in the north region, research in this field is still rare. This fact motivated the investigation of polymorphisms for IFNG, IL12B, CD80 and CD86 genes, which codify proteins for cellular immune response. Furthermore, IFN- concentration and its relation with genotypes found have been verified. A total of 177 patients and 224 controls (159 contacts and 65 non-contacts) were included in this study and DNA sequencing was performed for genes IFNG (SNP +874A/T and microsatellite +875), IL12B (SNPs +1030C/T, +1188A/C and +1254T/G), CD80 (SNPs -454 C/A, -387 T/C, -232 G/A, -79 C/G, -7T/C, +5C/A and an indel polymorphism -557_-561insCATGA) and CD86 (SNPs +1057G/A and +1079G/A). The IFN-y concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. At IFNG, the presence of the allele +874A and the allele with 15 CA repeats were associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB, while the allele +874T and the allele with 12 CA repeats were associated with protection from pulmonary TB. In addition, an association between genotype CC (SNP +1188A/C at IL12B) and increased risk of pulmonary TB was found. Furthermore, a significant difference between IFN- concentration and genotypes of SNP +1188A/C at IL12B and microsatellite at IFNG was observed, with decrease of IFN-at genotype CC and 15 CA repeats respectively. These outcomes lead to a better understanding of the immune response regulation for TB and help to determine the genetic profile of the Amazon population. Future researches are still needed for a better understanding of the role of other genes involved in the immune response to M. tuberculosis and their influence at the production of citokines like IFN-. / A Tuberculose (TB) é uma infecção crônica causada pelo complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis sendo um importante problema de saúde pública mundial, levando a aproximadamente 1,45 milhões de mortes a cada ano. O estado do Amazonas possui uma alta incidência desta doença, atingindo 68,3 casos por 100 mil habitantes em 2012. Dos indivíduos infectados pelo bacilo, cerca de 5 a 10% desenvolvem a Tuberculose ativa, sugerindo que há fatores associados ao hospedeiro que determinam o destino da resposta imune ao patógeno. Neste contexto, diversos estudos em imunogenética têm demonstrado genes associados à TB, mas na região norte ainda são raras as pesquisas nesta área, fato que motivou a investigação da frequência dos polimorfismos nos genes IFNG, IL12B, CD80 e CD86, que codificam para proteínas fundamentais na resposta imune celular. Além disso, foi verificado se a concentração de IFN- está relacionada com o genótipo encontrado. Foram incluídas amostras de 177 pacientes e 224 controles (159 contatos e 65 não contatos) e realizado sequenciamento de DNA para os genes IFNG (SNP +874A/T e microssatélite +875), IL12B (SNPs +1030C/T, +1188A/C e +1254T/G), CD80 (SNPs -454 C/A, 454 C/A, 454 C/A, 454 C/A, -387 T/C, 387 T/C, 387 T/C, -232 G/A, 232 G/A, 232 G/A, -79 C/G, 79 C/G, 79 C/G, -7T/C e 7T/C e 7T/C e 7T/C e +5C/A+5C/A +5C/A e um polimorfismo indel -557_-561insCATGA) e CD86 (SNPs +1057G/A e +1079G/A). A determinação das concentrações de IFN-foi realizada através de ensaio imunoenzimático. Foi verificada uma associação do gene IFNG, entre a presença do alelo +874A e 15 repetições CA, como fator de risco para TB pulmonar assim como a presença do alelo +874T e 12 repetições CA como fatores de proteção contra TB pulmonar. Também foi encontrada uma associação do genótipo CC, do SNP +1188A/C no gene IL12B, como fator de risco ao desenvolvimento da TB pulmonar. Houve diferença significativa na concentração de IFN-entre os genótipos do SNP +1188A/C no gene IL12B e o microssatélite no gene IFNG, com menor produção no genótipo CC e 15 repetições CA respectivamente. Estes resultados contribuem para o melhor entendimento da regulação na resposta imune à TB e auxilia na determinação do perfil genético da população da região Amazônica. Estudos futuros são necessários para uma melhor compreensão do papel de outros genes envolvidos na resposta imunológica a M. tuberculosis e influência nos níveis de produção de citocinas como IFN-.