Submitted by PPG Biotecnologia Farmac?utica (mpbf@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-01T13:00:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SARAH_LEDUR_SELBACH_DIS.pdf: 2769655 bytes, checksum: 75da9b372aa505302e3bba0e64bdc393 (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido a diverg?ncia entre o t?tulo de capa e o t?tulo da folha de rosto. Confirmar qual o correto. on 2017-08-04T13:28:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Biotecnologia Farmac?utica (mpbf@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-08T13:07:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SARAH_LEDUR_SELBACH_DIS.pdf: 2769655 bytes, checksum: 75da9b372aa505302e3bba0e64bdc393 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-10T18:18:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SARAH_LEDUR_SELBACH_DIS.pdf: 2769655 bytes, checksum: 75da9b372aa505302e3bba0e64bdc393 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T18:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SARAH_LEDUR_SELBACH_DIS.pdf: 2769655 bytes, checksum: 75da9b372aa505302e3bba0e64bdc393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / According to INCA (National Institute of Cancer) the cases of skin cancer are increasing exponentially, and it is the world's largest incidence. The increase in ultraviolet index, due to the depletion of the ozone layer, and excessive sun exposure contribute to this fact. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be from endogenous and exogenous factors, mainly by exposure to ultraviolet (UV). This are directly linked to the development of several types of cancer, especially skin cancer and photoaging. ROS or free radicals alter the DNA and other biomolecules of the skin, causing genetic mutations that promote and induce cancer incidence. Consequently, the search for new antioxidant substances for topical use is of utmost importance for the prevention of photodamage and skin cancer. This project of master dregree aims to develop a topical nanoemulsion containing these active substances Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and Buriti Oil (Mauritia flexuosa), which have antioxidant properties, and to study their stability in vitro and assess its properties. As a result it is expected to develop a cosmetic raw material that meets a demand of the consumer market, contributing to the prevention of skin cancer and to decrease the signs of cutaneous photoaging. / Segundo o INCA (Instituto Nacional de C?ncer), o c?ncer de pele possui a maior incid?ncia mundial e seus casos v?m aumentando exponencialmente. O aumento do ?ndice ultravioleta devido ? diminui??o da camada de oz?nio e a exposi??o solar excessiva contribuem para este fato. A forma??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (EROs), se d? por fatores end?genos e ex?genos, principalmente pela exposi??o aos raios ultravioleta (UV). Esta est? diretamente ligada ao desenvolvimento de diversos tipos de c?ncer, especialmente o de pele. As EROs, ou radicais livres, alteram o DNA e demais biomol?culas da pele, ocasionando muta??es gen?ticas que favorecem e induzem a incid?ncia de c?ncer, e causam fotoenvelhecimento. Consequentemente, a busca de novos ativos com propriedades antioxidantes de uso t?pico ? de extrema import?ncia para a preven??o de fotodanos e c?ncer de pele. Este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo desenvolver uma nanoemuls?o t?pica contendo estas subst?ncias ativas, Ch? Verde (Camellia sinensis) e ?leo de Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), que apresentam propriedades antioxidantes, estudar sua estabilidade e avaliar in vitro suas propriedades. Como resultado, espera-se obter um insumo cosm?tico que atenda uma demanda do mercado de consumidores, contribuindo para preven??o do c?ncer de pele e para diminui??o dos sinais do fotoenvelhecimento cut?neo.

This master thesis is focused on interpreting theological motives in the social theory of P. L. Berger and Ch. Taylor, particularly in relation to their interpretation of the concepts of secularization and secularity. The first objective of the thesis is to demonstrate whether these partial sociological concepts can be read as theologically conditioned. Consequently, to elucidate how the dependence of these concepts on their theological origins influences the explanation of the pertinence of Christianity in the contemporary world. The second aim of this thesis is to testify the inner connection between the ideas of both authors; in order to explain how and for what reason the concepts of secularization and secularity acquire the same or different expressions. This thesis is organized into four sections, the first section defines the framework of the secularization debate in which the topic of this work operates. The second and third sections provide an analysis of Berger and Taylor's sociological approach. The last section compares the concepts that prove to be essential for the interpretation of secularization and secularity in Berger and Taylor.

Adventure tourism is a growing market sector worldwide including Australia. A range of research exists that examined participation in adventure tourism activities by consideration of various aspects such as socio-demographics, motivations, activity/setting preferences and involvement in the activity to understand the adventure tourist. While studies have been conducted that included several of these aspects, a holistic investigation of involvement, motivations and setting preferences together has not been conducted previously regarding adventure tourism in Australia in general and SCUBA diving in particular. Furthermore, in Australia, only limited information is available about those who participate in the adventure activity of SCUBA diving. The aim of this research is to investigate differences and similarities of involvement, motivations and setting preferences of SCUBA diving club members in Eastern Australia. In this study 294 SCUBA diving club members in New South Wales and Queensland were surveyed by utilisation of a web-based questionnaire in order to identify their involvement in SCUBA diving, socio-demographic characteristics, participation motives and setting preferences. Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of divers, their motivations and setting preferences. Principal component analysis was applied on involvement variables as well as motivations to investigate the underlying constructs. Agglomerative and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to derive clusters of divers that differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. Exact Pearson chi-square tests were conducted to test whether there were significant differences concerning sociodemographics between clusters. In addition, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine differences and similarities of motivational components and setting preferences between clusters. This study found that SCUBA diving club members are a heterogeneous group regarding their involvement in SCUBA diving. Five clusters of divers emerged that differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. While differences in socio-demographics across the different involvement clusters were revealed, they proved to be less valuable for interpretation purposes. Regarding divers� setting preferences, similar structures were observed across all clusters regardless of differences in involvement. Motivations showed a complex structure across the clusters in regard to divers� involvement in SCUBA diving. Based on the studies findings, recommendations for future research were suggested. These emphasised the need for a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences of adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement, which would be important for theory development and segmentation of tourists. The same holistic approach would also be valuable for examining other types of tourists such as events tourists and heritage tourists to better understand tourist behaviour.

Depuis le début des années 1990, l'hétéroannélation de Larock est apparue comme une méthode de choix pour obtenir, en une seule étape, des indoles 2,3-disubstitués. Cependant, bien qu'efficace, certains inconvénients restaient associés à cette stratégie comme l'utilisation d'un système catalytique homogène associé à l'emploi de sels. Pour cette raison, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthodologie sans sels ou additifs par catalyse hétérogène. Différents catalyseurs commerciaux ou faciles d'accès (Pd/C ou [Pd]/NaY) ainsi que de nouveaux complexes au palladium immobilisés sur SBA-15 ont été testés. De façon surprenante, ces nouvelles conditions ont permis une activation de 2-bromoanilines et ce, sans l'emploi d'additifs. Une autre méthode d'obtention de ces hétérocycles a émergé ces dernières années et se pose comme une alternative aux couplages traditionnels : l'arylation d'indoles. Malgré de nombreuses améliorations, aucun travail ne décrivait une procédure permettant une arylation complémentaire C2 ou C3 d'indoles libres avec un système catalytique unique. Nous avons développé un tel système, basé sur une pallado-catalyse dans l'eau. Cette stratégie permet d'atteindre des sélectivités C2/C3 ou C3/C2 élevées avec de bons rendements isolés par un simple contrôle du couple {base/halogénure d'aryle}.Enfin, dans le cadre de nos travaux visant la synthèse par catalyse hétérogène de produits à haute valeur ajoutée, nous avons initié des études sur l'obtention de pyrroloiminoquinones. La méthode consistant en une catalyse hétérogène monotope en seulement deux grandes étapes devrait permettre un accès rapide à de nombreux dérivés bioactifs isolés d'organismes marins.

This thesis explores the effects of operating parameters on the location and shape of lifted flames in a Low Swirl Burner (LSB). In addition, it details the development and analysis of a CH PLIF imaging system for visualizing flames in lean combustion systems. The LSB is studied at atmospheric pressure using LDV and CH PLIF. CH* chemiluminescence is used for high pressure flame imaging. A four-level model of the fluorescing CH system is developed to predict the signal intensity in hydrocarbon flames. Results from imaging an atmospheric pressure laminar flame are used to validate the behavior of the signal intensity as predicted by the model. The results show that the fluorescence signal is greatly reduced at high pressure due to the decreased number of CH molecules and the increased collisional quenching rate. This restricts the use of this technique to increasingly narrow equivalence ratio ranges at high pressures. The limitation is somewhat alleviated by increasing the preheat temperature of the reactant mixture. The signal levels from high hydrogen-content syngas mixtures doped with methane are found to be high enough to make CH PLIF a feasible diagnostic to study such flames. Finally, the model predicts that signal levels are unlikely to be significantly affected by the presence of strain in the flow field, as long as the flames are not close to extinction. The results from the LSB flame investigation reveal that combustor provides reasonably robust flame stabilization at low and moderate values of combustor pressure and reference velocities. However, at very high velocities and pressures, the balance between the reactant velocity and the turbulent flame speed shifts in favor of the former resulting in the flame moving downstream. The extent of this movement is small, but indicates a tendency towards blow off at higher pressures and velocities that may be encountered in real world gas turbine applications. There is an increased tendency of relatively fuel-rich flames to behave like attached flames at high pressure. These results raise interesting questions about turbulent combustion at high pressure as well as provide usable data to gas turbine combustor designers by highlighting potential problems.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvantitet och kvalitet i sjuksköterskors dokumentation av omvårdnad enligt VIPS- modellen i enlighet med omvårdnadsprocessens alla steg på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige Avsikten var även att beskriva hinder och möjligheter för och attityder till dokumentation ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv mellan tre medicinavdelningar på nämnda sjukhus. Vidare ingick i syftet att jämföra dokumentationen på de tre avdelningarna med avseende på kvantitet och kvalitet. I undersökningen ingick en journal- respektive enkätstudie. Journalstudien som var retrospektiv omfattade 100 patientjournaler. Som mätinstrument för journalstudien användes granskningsmallen CAT-CH-ING. Till enkätstudien tillfrågades sammanlagt 52 sjuksköterskor varav 45 besvarade enkäten. Svarsfrekvensen uppgick därmed till 87 %. Resultatet av journalstudien visade att det fanns brister i dokumentationen. Ingen av de 100 journalerna bedömdes vara komplett vare sig vad det gällde kvantitet eller kvalitet. Ingen av journalerna uppfyllde lagstadgade krav på journalens innehåll. Resultatet visade vidare en signifikant skillnad mellan två av de tre avdelningarna (p=0.0006) vad gällde kvantitet där en avdelning uppvisade en bättre dokumentation jämfört med de två andra. Några signifikanta skillnader mellan avdelningarna beträffande kvalitet förelåg ej. Som hinder för dokumentation redovisades brist på tid för dokumentation, brister i dokumentationssystemet, och sjuksköterskans uppfattning om den egna kunskapen beträffande förmågan att utarbeta individuella vårdplaner och omvårdnadsdiagnoser. Enkätstudien visade att det dock fanns möjligheter för en god dokumentation då majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna hade en positiv attityd till omvårdnadsdokumentation. Som möjlighet till en god dokumentation var också att sjuksköterskorna kunde se nyttan av dokumentationen i den praktiska verksamheten. Flertalet sjuksköterskor var av den uppfattningen att journalföringen bör utvecklas vidare.

197 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-03-27T14:31:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monique - SÍNTESE, ESTUDO ESTRUTURAL E REATIVIDADE DE AZOENAMINONAS OBTIDAS A PARTIR DE ENAMINONAS CÍCLICAS.pdf: 8983289 bytes, checksum: 77e9ab31b9692c051a8defbabc5861c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-05T16:16:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monique - SÍNTESE, ESTUDO ESTRUTURAL E REATIVIDADE DE AZOENAMINONAS OBTIDAS A PARTIR DE ENAMINONAS CÍCLICAS.pdf: 8983289 bytes, checksum: 77e9ab31b9692c051a8defbabc5861c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-05T16:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monique - SÍNTESE, ESTUDO ESTRUTURAL E REATIVIDADE DE AZOENAMINONAS OBTIDAS A PARTIR DE ENAMINONAS CÍCLICAS.pdf: 8983289 bytes, checksum: 77e9ab31b9692c051a8defbabc5861c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / Enaminonas são intermediários sintéticos valiosos na obtenção de carbo e heterociclos. Uma característica dessas substâncias é a presença de um equilíbrio tautomérico entre as diversas formas possíveis de estruturas. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a reatividade e os aspectos estruturais de enaminonas cíclicas CH e C-alquil substituídas frente a sais de diazônio com diferentes substituintes. Dessa forma, enaminonas cíclicas com átomos de nitrogênio endo ou exocíclicos foram submetidas a reação com diversos sais de tetrafluorboratos de arenodiazônio. Os resultados obtidos mostram a formação de azoenaminonas tanto nas formas azo quanto hidrazona, dependendo dos reagentes utilizados. Enaminonas cíclicas com átomos de nitrogênios endocíclicos formam, preferencialmente, compostos do tipo azo, enquanto enaminonas cílclicas com átomos de nitrogênio exocíclicos formam compostos do tipo hidrazonas. A influência de solventes no curso reacional também foi estudada, sendo que em alguns casos, como quando acetato de etila é utilizado como solvente, a abertura do anel da enaminona cíclica utilizada como reagente foi observado. / Salvador

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T13:11:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDaCostaFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 924041 bytes, checksum: a891b2da7b0da72e2ba82f82eb64a666 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-13T15:46:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDaCostaFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 924041 bytes, checksum: a891b2da7b0da72e2ba82f82eb64a666 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T15:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDaCostaFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 924041 bytes, checksum: a891b2da7b0da72e2ba82f82eb64a666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Esta disserta??o tem como objeto de estudo o romance Levantado do ch?o (1980), de Jos? Saramago (1922-2010), no qual est? demarcado o que ficou conhecido como o estilo saramaguiano. A partir da cr?tica liter?ria marxista, da an?lise do romance enquanto g?nero liter?rio e da rela??o do romance com o mundo ideol?gico que ele habita, demonstra-se que a subvers?o ideol?gica est? presente na narrativa n?o apenas no plano sem?ntico, mas tamb?m como elemento estruturador do discurso romanesco de Jos? Saramago (forma), agu?ando o g?nero como arma e instrumento de humaniza??o. Para introduzir o debate sobre a cr?tica liter?ria marxista e seus pressupostos te?rico-metodol?gicos, s?o explorados os estudos de Leon Trotski, Mikhail Bakhtin, Terry Eagleton, Raymond Williams e Antonio Candido. Delimita-se o conceito de ideologia a ser explorado na fundamenta??o te?rica atrav?s das leituras de Raymond Williams, Marilena Chaui, Alfredo Bosi, Mikhail Bakhtin, Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. O romance enquanto g?nero liter?rio ? abordado a partir das perspectivas de Mikhail Bakhtin, Georg Luk?cs, Theodor Adorno e Julio Cort?zar. O romance saramaguiano ? localizado no interior do sistema liter?rio portugu?s a partir da an?lise cr?tica de Carlos Reis. / This work has as study object the novel Levantado do ch?o (?Raised from the ground? - English official translation) (1980), by Jos? Saramago (1922-2010), which is demarcated how became known the saramaguiano style. From the Marxist literary criticism, the novel analysis as a literary genre and the novel relationship with the ideological world he inhabits, it is shown that the ideological subversion is present in the narrative not only in the semantic level, but also as a structural element novelistic discourse of Jos? Saramago (form), sharpening the genre as a weapon and humanizing instrument. To introduce the debate on Marxist literary criticism and its theoretical and methodological assumptions are exploited studies of Leon Trotsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, Terry Eagleton, Raymond Williams and Antonio Candido. Delimits the concept of ideology to be explored the theoretical foundation through the readings of Raymond Williams, Marilena Chaui, Alfredo Bosi, Mikhail Bakhtin, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The novel as a literary genre is approached from the perspectives of Mikhail Bakhtin, Georg Lukacs, Theodor Adorno and Julio Cort?zar. The saramaguiano novel is located inside the Portuguese literary system from the critical analysis of Carlos Reis.

Les réactions d’addition de nucléophiles sur des oléfines catalysées au palladium (II) suscitent depuis plusieurs années un intérêt considérable. Les mécanismes entrant en jeu lors de ce type de réactions ne sont toutefois pas si évidents, nucléopalladation et activation de liaisons C-H allylique étant deux types de réactivités ayant lieu avec les mêmes substrats et conditions réactionnelles. Nous avons alors réalisé une étude permettant de définir les mécanismes entrant en jeu lors de cyclisations oxydantes de nucléophiles azotés et oxygénés insaturés catalysées au Pd(II). Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent l’existence d’un équilibre rapide entre le substrat et l’Intermédiaire NucléoPalladé (INuP) correspondant. Ce dernier peut alors subir une β-H élimination lorsqu’un hydrogène en position distocyclique est disponible. Dans ce cas, l’INuP est considéré comme une espèce éveillée. En revanche, lorsque seul un hydrogène en position proxicyclique est disponible, la déshydropalladation est partiellement ou totalement interdite, l’INuP est alors considéré comme une espèce dormante. La formation de ce dernier étant réversible, l’activation de la liaison C-H aura alors lieu, permettant l’obtention d’hétérocycles vinyliques. Nous sommes ensuite parvenus à réaliser cette β-H élimination proxicyclique jusqu’alors jugée impossible, et ce en utilisant des conditions aérobies bien spécifiques. Des études mécanistiques ont révélé l’importance de la présence d’un contre-ion chlorure, ainsi que de l’utilisation d’une monophosphine. Nous avons également pu démontrer que l’étape d’aminopalladation procède via une stéréochimie trans. Cette réaction a permis l’obtention de nouvelles méthylidene-pyrrolidinones fonctionnalisées. / Although the Pd(II)-catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to olefins has been much described in literature, the in-depth mechanism of such type of process is far from being a simple matter. Indeed, nucleopalladation and allylic C-H activation are two competing reactivities sharing the same type of substrates and reaction conditions. Accordingly, we have undertaken a study aimed at understanding the detailed mechanism of oxidative Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclizations of unsaturated nitrogen based- and oxygen based- nucleophiles. The results of this study strongly suggest the existence of a rapid equilibrium between the substrate and the corresponding cyclic NucleoPalladated Intermediate (NuPI), which can further evolve via easy β-H elimination when a distocyclic H position is involved. In this case, the NuPI is qualified as an evolving species. Contrarily, when only a proxicyclic H position is available, β-H elimination is totally or partially forbidden. In this case, the NuPI is qualified as a dormant species. Then, the formation of the NuPI being reversible, C-H activation will take place affording the corresponding vinylic heterocycle. In a second part, we managed to achieve the otherwise forbidden proxicyclic β-H elimination by using specific aerobic conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed the importance of the presence of chloride conter-ion as well as the use of monophosphine. At the same time, we also demonstrated that the aminopalladation step took place according to a trans stereochemistry. This reaction led to the formation of new functionalized methylidene-pyrrolidinones.

The chemical evolution with respect to time of complex macroscopic mixtures such as interstellar clouds and Titan’s atmosphere is governed via a mutual competition between thousands of simultaneous processes, including thousands of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetic modeling, which attempts to understand their macroscopic observables as well as their overall reaction mechanism through a detailed understanding of their microscopic reactions and processes, thus require thousands of rate coefficients and product distributions. At present, however, just a small fraction of these have been well-studied and measured; in addition, at the relevant low temperatures, such information becomes even more scarce. Due to the recent developments in both theoretical kinetics as well as in ab initio electronic structure calculations, it is now possible to predict accurate reaction rate coefficients and product distributions from first-principles at various temperatures, often in less time, than through the running of an experiment. Here, the results of a first principles theoretical investigation into both the reaction rate coefficients as well as the final product distributions for the reactions between the ground state CH radical (X2Π) and various C1-C3 hydrocarbons is presented; together, these constitute a set of reactions important to modeling efforts relevant to mixtures such as interstellar clouds and Titan’s atmosphere.