Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur omvårdnaden dokumenteras i datoriserad patientjournal på en medicinavdelning i mellan Sverige, genom en journalgranskning med granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Frågeställningarna var ”Vilka poäng ger Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet avseende kvantitet samt kvalitet?” och ”Kan omvårdnadsprocessen följas i omvårdnadsjournalen utifrån Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet?” Metod: Studien är kvantitativ, deskriptiv och retrospektiv. En journalgranskning gjordes med hjälp av granskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-Ing. Ett systematiskt urval av 100 journaler gjordes och därefter ett slumpmässigt urval av 30 journaler. Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet består av designade frågor som poängsätter sjuksköterskans dokumentation avseende kvantitet och kvalitet, samt hur omvårdnadsprocessen som helhet följs. Resultat: Högst poäng avseende kvantiteten fick omvårdnadsepikrisen/slutanteckning och användandet av VIPS-sökord, medan omvårdnadsstatus uppdaterat under vårdtiden fick den lägsta poängen. Högst poäng avseende kvaliteten i dokumentationen fick användandet av VIPS-sökord och omvårdnadsstatus vid ankomst, medan vårdplanens omvårdnadsmål och omvårdnadsdiagnos fick de lägsta poängen. Resultatet visade att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen följer omvårdnadsprocessens alla steg, då alla delar i omvårdnadsprocessen fick poäng avseende kvantitet i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet. Slutsats: Resultatet i den här studien tyder på att dokumentationen på medicinavdelningen generellt var bra, eftersom den har fått höga poäng i Cat-ch-Ing instrumentet. Omvårdnadsprocessens alla delar fanns med i dokumentationen. De brister som fanns förekom framförallt i vårdplanernas omvårdnadsdiagnoser, omvårdnadsmål samt i att uppdatera status. Kontinuerlig utbildning för all personal och uppföljning i form av journalgranskning behövs för att öka kvaliteten i omvårdnadsjournalen.

Le concept de “paires frustrées de Lewis” (plus communément désignés par l’acronyme anglais FLPs) a suscité un vif intérêt depuis sa formulation en 2006. Initialement décrit à partir d’une phosphine encombrée comme base de Lewis et d’un borane comme acide de Lewis pour l’activation coopérative d’hydrogène sans métal, ce concept a été ensuite très largement développé en utilisant divers éléments du groupe principal (N/B, P/Al, N/Al …). Le concept a ensuite été étendu aux métaux de transitions pour pallier cette faiblesse: sont ainsi apparues les premières paires frustrées de Lewis organométalliques (OmFLPs). Dans le but de développer de telles OmFLPs, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse de complexes cationiques titanocèniques et zirconocèniques en présence d’une amine. La première partie de cette thèse présente les travaux précédemment décrits sur les ligands azotés, en vue de synthétiser des complexes du groupe 4 N-fonctionnalisés. Une description plus détaillée du concept de FLP est ensuite réalisée, et un parallèle est fait avec des concepts connexes (coopérativité métal-ligand, systèmes ambiphiles). La seconde partie de ce manuscrit développe la synthèse de nouveaux ligands (aminomethyl)cyclopentadiènylure de potassium ainsi qu’une étude de leur coordination aux métaux du groupe 4. Cette étude a permis d’accéder à toute une série de nouveaux complexes dichlorotitanocènes et zirconocènes porteurs d’une fonction amine tertiaire encombrée (diisopropylaminyl et 2,2,6,6-tétraméthylpipéridine) à proximité du centre métallique. Ces travaux ont montré que l’amine ne se coordine pas audit centre métallique. Les métallocènes ainsi formés ont ensuite été transformés en cation afin de renforcer le caractère acidité de Lewis du centre métallique. Ces espèces ont montré une réactivité inattendue donnant lieu à des réarrangements par activation CH au voisinage de l’atome d’azote. Ces réarrangements ainsi que des études mécanistiques font l’objet du troisième chapitre. La quatrième partie de ce mémoire porte sur la synthèse de complexes phosphido- et amidotitanocènes cationiques. Ces complexes montrent une très bonne activité en catalyse d’hydrogénation de petites molécules dans des conditions relativement douces, vraisemblablement pour des raisons d’effets coopératifs entre le métal et le ligand. Dans une dernière partie, la synthèse de complexes titanocéniques cationiques portant une fonction iminophosphorane est développée, suivie d’une étude de réactivité de ces complexes en tant que paires frustrées de Lewis organométalliques. / In 2006, the concept of “frustrated Lewis pairs” (called FLPs) was introduced. The main characteristic of these compounds is their ability to activate cooperatively small molecules without the use of a metal (H2, CO2, alkene alkyne…). Initially based on P/B combination, the concept has been extended to several other main group elements (N/B, P/Al, N/Al …). Recently, FLPs have been extended to the transition metal realm. These organometallic FLPs (OmFLPs) are obviously non-metal free systems but they extend significantly the scope of FLP applications. Seeking to develop such systems, a research toward new omFLP combinations (N/Ti+, N/Zr+) has been initiated in our group, based on the synthesis of N-based titanocene and zirconocene complexes. The first part of this manuscript deals with a survey of the literature of such compounds, and a more detailed presentation of FLPs and related concepts (metal-ligand cooperativity, ambiphilic ligands) are also developed. In a second chapter, the synthesis of new N-based cyclopentadienyl ligands and their coordination to group 4 metals is presented. The formation of a cationic complex is then developed in a third part on selected titanocenes. In these complexes, the amine function undergoes CH activation by the cationic metal centre, leading to unexpected rearrangements. Investigations on their plausible mechanism are also presented. In a fourth part, the synthesis of new cationic phosphido- and amidotitanocenes, discovered in the course of our study on OmFLPs, is developed. The cationic amidotitanocenes are shown to be catalytically active towards hydrogenation of small molecules. Lastly, the potential of cationic titanocenyl iminophosphoranes as OmFLPs, was developed.

Le cancer constitue l’une des principales causes de mortalité, et représente, de ce fait aujourd’hui un problème de santé publique majeur. Depuis quelques années, les alcaloïdes marins représentent une source d’inspiration importante pour les chimistes en vue d’obtenir de nouveaux médicaments anticancéreux. Dans cette optique, des recherches effectuées au sein de notre laboratoire ont fait état de la synthèse d’analogues de ces alcaloïdes possédant une structure tris aromatique. Nous avons développé des molécules originale analogues de ces alcaloïdes disposant d’un hétérocycle central (1,2,4-triazine et imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tétrazine) sur lequel sont greffés deux noyaux phényles diversement substitués. L’obtention de ces composés a également été l’occasion de développer de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse. Ainsi une nouvelle réaction de type Buchwald-Hartwig sur des méthylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazines a pu être mise au point ainsi qu’une méthode de CH arylation palladocatalysée sur le noyau imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tétrazine. Une partie est aussi consacrée aux réactions multicomposants de type Groebke-Blackburn. Différentes évaluations pharmacologiques ont été réalisées, notamment des tests d’inhibition sur différentes kinases et de cytotoxicité sur diverses lignées cellulaires cancéreuses humaines. / Cancer, one of the leading causes of death, represents today a major public health problem. Over the last few years, marine alkaloids represent a source of inspiration for chemists in order to obtain new anticancer drugs. For this purpose, as a part of our laboratory researches, analogues of marine alkaloids were synthesized possessing a tris-aromatic structure. We developed originals analogs of these alacaloïds formed by a central heterocycle core (1,2,4-triazine et imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine) on wich is graft two arylic moiety variously substituted. Obtaining these compounds was also an opportunity to develop news synthetic methodologies. So a new Buchwald-Hartwig reaction type based on methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazines has been perfect, as palladocatalyzed CH arylation pathway on imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine. A part is devoted to Groebke-Blackburn multicomponant reaction. Various pharmacological analyses were carried out in particular with inhibition of various kinases and cytotoxicity evaluation on various human cancer cell lines.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnociência, 2017. / As folhas são uma interface entre o organismo vegetal e o ambiente. Este órgão apresenta uma série de atributos que estão relacionados a funções especificas (caracteres foliares funcionais) e/ou mostram respostas ao estresse biótico e abiótico. O ozônio (O3) é um poluente fitotóxico que pode causar injúrias visíveis em plantas; tais injúrias auxiliam na identificação de potenciais riscos à vegetação. Os marcadores microscópicos destacam-se como única forma de validar essas injúrias como decorrentes de processos oxidativos provocados pelo O3. Embora a dissociação de O3 em espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ocorra em meio aquoso, a influência de processos de liberação e posterior reabsorção de compostos hidrofílicos no uptake de ROS derivadas da dissociação do O3 é ainda desconhecido. Nesta dissertação, três hipóteses foram testadas: (1) o surgimento dos sintomas específicos de O3 segue o fluxo de entrada de água pelas lâminas foliares de cana-de-açúcar; (2) os tricomas não-glandulares de Croton floribundus a protegem dos efeitos nocivos do O3 ao prevenir a entrada deste gás nos tecidos foliares; (3) os nectários extraflorais de Astronium graveolens e Piptadenia gonoacantha são rotas de reabsorção de néctar contendo ROS nos tecidos foliares, tornando estas espécies mais vulneráveis aos efeitos do O3. Um modelo de uptake de ROS por meio de glândulas foi proposto e considerações acerca desta entrada em plantas C3 e C4 são apresentadas em dois capítulos independentes. / Leaves are interfaces between the whole organism and the environment. This organ displays a series of attributes that are linked to specific functions (functional leaf traits) and/or show responses to biotic and abiotic stress factor. Ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic pollutant that may cause visible injuries in plants. These injuries aid in the identification of potential risks to vegetation. Microscopic markers are highlight as the only tool to validate these injuries as consequences of oxidative processes caused by O3. Although the O3-dissociation into reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in an aqueous medium, the influence of releasing and reabsorption processes of hydrophilic compounds in the ROS-dissociated uptake is still unknown. In this dissertation, three hypotheses were tested: (1) the rising of O3-specific symptoms follows the water entrance flux through leaf tissues of sugarcane; (2) non-secretory trichomes of Croton floribundus protect this species against the adverse effects of O3; (3) extrafloral nectaries of Astronium graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha are routes of nectar reabsorption rich in ROS, turning these species more vulnerable to damage effects of O3. A new uptake model of ROS through glands was proposed and considerations about this entrance in C3 and C4 plants are presented in two independent chapters.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_LEANDRO_defesa.pdf: 710725 bytes, checksum: b4ffe35d333a2e1e255b512d3d00ed76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-25 / The present study evaluated the technique of insertion eastern Lien Ch i gymnastic as programmatic content from Physical Education discipline in schools of basic education, through the discipline teachers view. The schools and the teachers belong the public teaching service of São Paulo state, in the cities of Presidente Prudente-SP and Araçatuba-SP. The Education Ministry of São Paulo (SEE / SP) carried out such an intervention enabling its faculty in 2003 and 2004, effecting the practice of Lien Ch i during the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. The current National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) suggest splitting the content of physical education in three blocks, a) sports, games, wrestling and gymnastics, b) Rhythmic and expressive Activities, c) knowledge about the body. Due to its rich job options, the Lien Ch`i may be inserted into any of the three blocks mentioned above. Added to these aspects, our interest was keen to investigate the characteristics of this modality and its effectiveness, motivation and acceptance of the people involved in the process. This research is predominantly qualitative, which most significant features are descriptive and interpretive content. Data were collected through an interview transcribed later and documents consultation. The studied teachers (n = 21) have demonstrated knowledge about the received training (Lien Ch i) towards to origin and history, constitution, composition and goals of the exercises, as well as its help to maximize schoolchildren learning. The teachers were direct agents in the implementation and development of the proposal which took place in state schools of São Paulo. It was observed greater reciprocity, acceptance and participation for Lien Ch i, as well as better use of lessons in the first cycle of primary education (1st to 4th grades). It was detected a strong dissatisfaction over the proposed curriculum content inserted in the discipline of Physical Education (69.3%) and an even greater dissatisfaction about the non continuation of these proposals (85.7%). The main factors listed for this dissatisfaction were: the imposition of arbitrary and disrespectful public education policies, the non continuation of the insertions with government changes or in the same government with a different education minister. / O presente estudo avaliou a inserção da técnica gímnica oriental Lien Ch`i como conteúdo programático da disciplina de Educação Física nas escolas do Ensino Básico, através da visão dos docentes da referida disciplina. As escolas e os professores pertencem a rede pública de ensino do estado de São Paulo, nos municípios de Presidente Prudente-SP e de Araçatuba-SP. A Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (S.E.E./SP) realizou tal intervenção capacitando seus docentes nos ano de 2003 e 2004, efetivando a prática do Lien Ch`i nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2007. Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN s) atuais sugerem a divisão dos conteúdos de Educação física em três blocos; a) Esportes, jogos, lutas e ginásticas; b) Atividades Rítmicas e expressivas; c) Conhecimentos sobre o corpo. Devido à sua riqueza de opções de trabalho, o Lien Ch`i pode ser inserido em qualquer dos três blocos supracitados. Somados estes aspectos o nosso interesse foi aguçado para investigar as características desta modalidade, bem como a sua eficácia, motivação e aceitação dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. Esta pesquisa tem cunho predominantemente qualitativo, cujas características mais significativas são seu conteúdo descritivo e interpretativo. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista transcrita posteriormente e de consultas a documentos. Os docentes estudados (n=21) demonstraram possuir conhecimento sobre a capacitação recebida (Lien Ch`i), no que tange a origem e história, a constituição, composição e os objetivos dos exercícios, bem como, o seu auxílio para maximizar o aprendizado de escolares . Os docentes foram agentes diretos na implantação e desenvolvimento da proposta ocorrida na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo. Foi observado uma maior reciprocidade, aceitação e participação para com o Lien Ch`i, bem como, melhor aproveitamento das aulas no ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental (de 1ª à 4ª séries). Foi detectada uma grande insatisfação sobre as propostas de conteúdos curriculares inseridas na disciplina de Educação Física (69,3%) e uma insatisfação maior ainda, sobre a não continuidade destas propostas inseridas (85,7%). Os fatores preponderantes citados para estas insatisfações foram: a imposição das políticas públicas educacionais autoritárias e desrespeitosas aos seus pares; a não continuidade das inserções com a troca de Governo, ou no mesmo Governo, com a troca de Secretario da Educação. .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_LEANDRO_defesa.pdf: 710725 bytes, checksum: b4ffe35d333a2e1e255b512d3d00ed76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-25 / The present study evaluated the technique of insertion eastern Lien Ch i gymnastic as programmatic content from Physical Education discipline in schools of basic education, through the discipline teachers view. The schools and the teachers belong the public teaching service of São Paulo state, in the cities of Presidente Prudente-SP and Araçatuba-SP. The Education Ministry of São Paulo (SEE / SP) carried out such an intervention enabling its faculty in 2003 and 2004, effecting the practice of Lien Ch i during the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. The current National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) suggest splitting the content of physical education in three blocks, a) sports, games, wrestling and gymnastics, b) Rhythmic and expressive Activities, c) knowledge about the body. Due to its rich job options, the Lien Ch`i may be inserted into any of the three blocks mentioned above. Added to these aspects, our interest was keen to investigate the characteristics of this modality and its effectiveness, motivation and acceptance of the people involved in the process. This research is predominantly qualitative, which most significant features are descriptive and interpretive content. Data were collected through an interview transcribed later and documents consultation. The studied teachers (n = 21) have demonstrated knowledge about the received training (Lien Ch i) towards to origin and history, constitution, composition and goals of the exercises, as well as its help to maximize schoolchildren learning. The teachers were direct agents in the implementation and development of the proposal which took place in state schools of São Paulo. It was observed greater reciprocity, acceptance and participation for Lien Ch i, as well as better use of lessons in the first cycle of primary education (1st to 4th grades). It was detected a strong dissatisfaction over the proposed curriculum content inserted in the discipline of Physical Education (69.3%) and an even greater dissatisfaction about the non continuation of these proposals (85.7%). The main factors listed for this dissatisfaction were: the imposition of arbitrary and disrespectful public education policies, the non continuation of the insertions with government changes or in the same government with a different education minister. / O presente estudo avaliou a inserção da técnica gímnica oriental Lien Ch`i como conteúdo programático da disciplina de Educação Física nas escolas do Ensino Básico, através da visão dos docentes da referida disciplina. As escolas e os professores pertencem a rede pública de ensino do estado de São Paulo, nos municípios de Presidente Prudente-SP e de Araçatuba-SP. A Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (S.E.E./SP) realizou tal intervenção capacitando seus docentes nos ano de 2003 e 2004, efetivando a prática do Lien Ch`i nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2007. Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN s) atuais sugerem a divisão dos conteúdos de Educação física em três blocos; a) Esportes, jogos, lutas e ginásticas; b) Atividades Rítmicas e expressivas; c) Conhecimentos sobre o corpo. Devido à sua riqueza de opções de trabalho, o Lien Ch`i pode ser inserido em qualquer dos três blocos supracitados. Somados estes aspectos o nosso interesse foi aguçado para investigar as características desta modalidade, bem como a sua eficácia, motivação e aceitação dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. Esta pesquisa tem cunho predominantemente qualitativo, cujas características mais significativas são seu conteúdo descritivo e interpretativo. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista transcrita posteriormente e de consultas a documentos. Os docentes estudados (n=21) demonstraram possuir conhecimento sobre a capacitação recebida (Lien Ch`i), no que tange a origem e história, a constituição, composição e os objetivos dos exercícios, bem como, o seu auxílio para maximizar o aprendizado de escolares . Os docentes foram agentes diretos na implantação e desenvolvimento da proposta ocorrida na rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo. Foi observado uma maior reciprocidade, aceitação e participação para com o Lien Ch`i, bem como, melhor aproveitamento das aulas no ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental (de 1ª à 4ª séries). Foi detectada uma grande insatisfação sobre as propostas de conteúdos curriculares inseridas na disciplina de Educação Física (69,3%) e uma insatisfação maior ainda, sobre a não continuidade destas propostas inseridas (85,7%). Os fatores preponderantes citados para estas insatisfações foram: a imposição das políticas públicas educacionais autoritárias e desrespeitosas aos seus pares; a não continuidade das inserções com a troca de Governo, ou no mesmo Governo, com a troca de Secretario da Educação. .

The Semantic web was created for a purpose of conceptualization data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations, that are determined for data sharing and reusing, should have been its vision realized. Main aims of Semantic web are high exactness and relevance for searching question. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" let us consider the question: "Where is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is the comparison of using terms on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotics approaches appeared from pragmatic of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris and H. P. Grice. The thesis should help with mapping the problematic area that is connected with using terms like "meaning" and "understanding" and clarify the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web based on the semiotics conceptions.

Bakgrund: Kvaliteten på sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsjournal kan återspegla den vårdkvalitet som tillhandahålls patienter. Patienter med en höftfraktur har ofta ett omfattande vårdbehov där omvårdnadsjournalen har en viktig funktion att strukturera dokumentation av vårdinsatser genom patientens vårdförlopp. Patienter med höftfraktur har ofta en komplex sjukdomsbild, där omvårdnadsdokumentationens kvalitet kan bidra till en säkrare vård för patienten. Kvaliteten på dokumentationen ökar vid en strukturerad journal och framförallt när ett standardiserat språk används. Journalgranskning är ett sätt att göra kvalitetskontroll av dokumentation. Motiv: Att drabbas av en höftfraktur innebär stora hälsorisker för en ofta redan skör person. Omvårdnadsdokumentationens kvalitet vid höftfraktur kan bidra till att patienten får bättre förutsättningar för att undvika komplikationer och till kortare vårdtid. Syfte: Att undersöka kvaliteten av omvårdnadsdokumentation för patienter med höftfraktur.Metod: En retrospektiv, deskriptiv och jämförande design där granskning av omvårdnadsjournaler användes för att besvara studiens syfte. Ett konsekutivt urval har gjorts av omvårdnadsdokumentation från 40 vårdtillfällen med patienter över 60 år som vårdats för en höftfraktur på en akutortopedisk avdelning. För granskningen användes journalgranskningsinstrumentet Cat-ch-ing. Resultat: De granskade omvårdnadsjournalernas kvalitet var varierande; ingen av journalerna hade en komplett dokumentation. Dokumentation av vårdplan och resultat av omvårdnadsåtgärder saknades i en majoritet av journalerna. Dokumentationen var av bättre kvalitet i gruppen yngre äldre patienter vid jämförelse med gruppen äldre äldre patienter. Ingen skillnad av kvalitet i dokumentationen kunde urskiljas utifrån vårdtidens längd då patienter som vårdats mindre än sju dygn eller sju dygn eller mer jämfördes. Konklusion: Kvaliteten av omvårdnadsdokumentationen var inte komplett. Det krävs ytterligare kunskap om förbättringsåtgärder i den kliniskas verksamheten för att säkerställa en omvårdnadsdokumentation av god kvalitet där patienter med höftfraktur vårdas. / Background: The quality of the nursing record can reflect the quality of nursing care provided to patients. Patients with a hip fracture often have an extensive need for care. The nursing record has an important function of describing the nursing process, nursing diagnoses and interventions. Patients with hip fractures often have complex health care needs and the nursing documentation can contribute to patient safety. The quality of the documentation increases with a structured journal. Furthermore, it should be written in a standardized language. Audit of nursing documentation can contribute to quality of care. Motive: Great health risks is a fact when suffering from a hip fracture, especially an already fragile person. The quality of the nursing documentation can contribute to better outcome in patient safety and the length of stay. Aim: To explore the quality of nursing documentation for patients with hip fractures. Methods: A retrospective descriptive and comparative design where audit of nursing records was used to attain the study's aim. A consecutive sample was used, where 40 patients’ health care records of nursing documentation for patients over the age of 60 with a hip fracture in an emergency orthopedic ward were included. The audit instrument Cat-ch-Ing was used. Result: The result showed that the quality was variable; none of the records had a complete documentation. Documentation of care plans were missing in a majority of the records. The documentation was of better quality in the group of younger elderly patients compared to that of older elderly patients. No quality differences were seen based on the length of stay. Conclusion: None of the records had a complete documentation. Further knowledge of how good quality nursing documentation on hip fractur patients can be implement for a sustainable result in clinical activities.

The Semantic web was created for the conceptualization of data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations that are determined for data sharing and reusing, its vision should be achieved. One of the main aims of the Semantic web is to achieve answers to a searched question which demonstrates high exactness and relevance. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" lets us consider the question: "What is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is to compare the use of the terminology appearing on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotic approaches appearing from pragmatism of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris, and H. P. Grice. The main thesis aim is to clarify the function of semantic web, basically its function and its conception, by comparation academic's semiotics' approaches of pragmaticism Ch. S. Peirce and pragmatism H.P. Grice to help with mapping the problematic area which is connected with using terms such as "meaning," and "understanding," and to explore and make less confused the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web.

Varje år drabbas ett stort antal människor av demenssjukdom och det förväntas öka i framtiden, vilket kommer leda till ett ökat behov av vårdinsatser. På grund av att personer med demenssjukdom kräver mycket omvårdnad leder det till att anhöriga får ta ett stort ansvar, vilket vid försämring i sjukdomen ofta leder till att personen med demenssjukdom behöver flytta in på boende. Syftet med studien var att beskriva upplevelsen av att vara anhörig till en person med demenssjukdom som bor på vård-och omsorgsboende. En systematisk litteratursökning utfördes där 14 artiklar som svarade på syftet analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats vilket resulterade i fem kategorier: Skuldkänslor och sorg efter närståendes flytt; en bra relation med personalen; god kommunikation och information; en stimulerande omgivning på boendet samt förändrad relation efter närståendes flytt. Resultatet diskuteradesutifrån hur anhöriga kan få stöd med och att sjuksköterskan behöver upprätta en god relation med anhöriga där stöd och information är av vikt. Slutsatsen visar vikten av att sjuksköterskor prioriterar och planerar sitt arbete på ett sätt som ger förutsättningar för en god kommunikation med anhöriga och att det är viktigt att involvera både patienten och anhöriga, samt att kunskap om anhörigas upplevelser ger möjlighet för sjuksköterskan att se deras främsta behov