Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Mathematics / Christopher G. Pinner

This study investigates possible connections between shapes, colour, lines, contrast and perceived traits of game characters from their appearance. The study is based on nine pictures of game characters where the characters were interpreted using formal analysis based on theories of shapes, lines and colour components such as hue, value and saturation. A survey was also conducted with 73 respondents who specified each character’s traits with three words. The study shows that there is a larger connection between shapes and characteristics than colour, where the descriptions of the characters were more scattered. Lines, contrast and warm and cool colours generally do not have any noticeable effect on the result. / I denna studie undersöks eventuella samband mellan former, färg, linjer, kontrast och egenskaper som uppfattas kring spelkaraktärer utifrån sitt utseende. Studien utgår ifrån nio bilder av spelkaraktärer där karaktärerna tolkats i en formell analys utifrån teorier om form, linjer och färgens beståndsdelar så som nyans, ljusstyrka och mättnad. En undersökning utfördes även på 73 respondenter som fick specificera varje karaktärs egenskaper med tre ord. Studien visar att det finns ett större samband mellan former och karaktärsdrag, än färger där beskrivningen av karaktärerna var mer splittrad. Linjer, kontrast och varma och kalla färger har i allmänhet inte haft någon större inverkan på resultatet.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Philosophy / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

<p>This research links the relationship among entrepreneurial traits, business strategies and the success of the firm. Such relationship presents that the person who stands behind the success of SME is entrepreneur. Entrepreneur plays an important role in SME as a key player to control the direction of the SME. Also, the business strategies used by the entrepreneur can build competitive advantage for the firm. This research focuses on network and innovation strategies as the main strategies and presents the entrepreneurial characters that are important for utilizing these two strategies effectively. Network strategy will be efficiently used by the person who possesses the extraversion trait with social and team characters while innovation strategy will be efficiently used by the person who possesses the openness to experience trait with creativity and advantage characters.</p>

We give natural correspondences of odd-degree characters of the symmetric groups and some of their subgroups, which can be described easily by restriction of characters, degrees and multiplicities.

Antalet ryggkotor varierar kraftigt mellan olika taxa, men också inom arter eller populationer. Omfattande forskning har visat att antalet ryggkotor hos fisk är resultatet av interaktioner mellan genetisk struktur och plastiska svar på miljöbetingelser under individens ontogeni. Ett vanligt mönster är tendensen för antalet ryggkotor att variera med kroppsform och/eller kroppslängd hos fisken. Gäddan (Esox lucius) i Östersjön har en komplex populationsstruktur, bestående av flera genetiskt distinkta subpopulationer, vilka utgörs av anadroma individer som uppvisar ett homing-beteende. Individer som tillhör dessa subpopulationer är sympatriska större delen av året och blir allopatriska endast kortvarigt under tiden för lek. Den här studien undersökte fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hos tre anadroma sympatriska subpopulationer av gädda iÖstersjön. Signifikanta skillnader i fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hittades både inom och mellan alla undersökta subpopulationer och åldersklasser. Resultaten från ett ”common-garden” experiment antydde att skillnader i antalet ryggkotor mellan olika subpopulationer delvis hade en genetisk basis, vilket indikerar möjligheten för selektion att verka på denna egenskap, och en potentiellt evolutionär förändring. En kvadratisk regression visade på ett kurvilinjärt samband mellan antalet ryggkotor och kroppslängd hos juveniler. Tillsammans tyfrt dessa resultat på att de kombinerade effekterna av stabiliserande och divergent selektion kan ha spelat en roll i fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hos gäddan i Östersjön. Fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor inom subpopulationer verkar vara under inflytande av stabiliserande selektion. Skillnader mellan subpopulationer kan istället reflektera lokala anpassningar som drivs av divergent selektion. Dessa fynd signalerar behovet av att betrakta varje subpopulation som en egen enhet i bevarandebiologiska sammanhang. / Vertebral number (VN) is known to vary greatly across different taxa, but also within species orpopulations. Extensive research has shown that VN in fish is the result of interactions between geneticstructure and plastic responses to environmental cues during ontogeny. A frequently reported pattern is the tendency for VN to vary with body shape and/or length of the fish. The pike (Esox lucius) of the Baltic Sea has a complex population structure, with genetically distinct subpopulations consisting of homing anadromous individuals. Individuals belonging to these subpopulations are sympatric for most of their lives and become allopatric briefly during spawning each year. This study examined the distribution of VN in three anadromous sympatric subpopulations of pike in the Baltic. Significant differences in VN were found between juveniles and adults belonging to different subpopulations, but also across life-stageswithin all three subpopulations. Results from a common-garden experiment indicated that differences in VN among subpopulations were in part the result of genetic differences, indicative of evolutionary change. Furthermore, a quadratic regression revealed a curvilinear relationship between VN and bodylength of juveniles. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined effects of stabilizing and divergent selection might have played a role in shaping the distribution of VN in pike of the Baltic. The distribution of VN within subpopulations seems to be under the influence of stabilizing selection. Differences among subpopulations might instead reflect local adaptations driven by divergent selection. These findings signal the need for conservationists to view these subpopulations as unique units of management.

Examines the functions of messengers in six plays by Shakespeare.