La sécurité civile des Etats de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale, dont la mission première est de protéger les personnes, les biens et l’environnement fait face à la diversité des risques et des crises contemporains. La vulnérabilité et l’insouciance quasi généralisées dans cette partie de l’Afrique, aggravées par des contraintes chroniques dues à la pauvreté et la faiblesse des cadres institutionnels les exposent aux conséquences meurtrières et désastreuses des catastrophes.La situation est préoccupante ; mais la matière peine à rentrer dans les priorités des politiques publiques, tant en interne dans le cadre de chaque Etat de la C.E.M.A.C, que sur le plan sous régional.Les actions initiées çà et là au plan institutionnel, juridique et humain demeurent timides. Une des raisons majeures est que la sécurité civile dans cette partie du continent est relativement jeune et partagée entre une multitude d’acteurs confrontés en permanence aux événements dramatiques et à la complexité des crises.Elle a, plus que d’autres disciplines, besoin d’être précisée et consolidée. La question majeure qui structure le travail entrepris est par conséquent celle de savoir comment faire face aux situations complexes, éviter et prévenir les crises dans un environnement où les vulnérabilités sont décuplées par la pauvreté ? Autrement dit, que faire en cas de catastrophe dans un contexte où la capacité d’anticiper et de gérer les risques est particulièrement limitée ?A partir de la démarche juridique, mais aussi interdisciplinaire, l’on a montré la limite du modèle classique sur lequel repose principalement les systèmes de sécurité civile des Etats de la C.E.M.A.C, au détriment d’autres modèles pertinents de gestion crises (prise en compte des vulnérabilités et de la résilience) qui n’apparaissent dans le droit de la sécurité civile de ces Etats que sous forme de linéament.La réalité est claire et brutale : les risques et les catastrophes sont omniprésents en zone C.E.M.A.C, telle une ombre projetée sur le présent et le futur. Ce catastrophisme étale l’absence de développement de a sous-région et la faible diffusion des technologies et des savoirs. Face à cette situation inédite, outre la prévention des risques, l’on a préconisé de briser les sentiments d’impuissance, d’apprendre à affronter la catastrophe, à cesser de l’imaginer dans un futur improbable ; mais à la penser au présent, à expérimenter les capacités de résister et de résilience. Il devient dès lors essentiel de renouveler l’organisation générale de la sécurité civile des Etats de la C.E.M.A.C. A cet égard, l’émergence et /ou le renforcement d’un modèle communautaire de protection des personnes consoliderait le dispositif sous régional de sécurité civile. La recherche d’une gouvernance éclairée et participative peuvent aussi être des vecteurs minimaux, mais puissants de relance d’une garantie de la sécurité humaine et des droits fondamentaux. / Civil security in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States, whose main objective is the protection of persons, goods and the environment, is faced with different contemporary risks and crisis. The quite widespread vulnerability and disregard in this part Africa, heightened by unabating constraints caused by poverty and weak institutional frameworks exposes them to deadly and disastrous disaster consequences.The situation is alarming; yet it is hardly a priority on government policies, both in the internal policies of each CEMAC member state and at the sub regional level.The various actions initiated here and there at the institutional, legal and human levels are still timid. One of the major reasons is that civil security in this part of the continent is relatively young and divided amongst a multitude of actors confronted permanently with dramatic events and the complexity of the crisis.Moreover, it needs more than other fields, to be specified and consolidated. The major problem which is developed in the thesis is then, how to face the challenging issues, avoid and prevent crisis in an environment where the vulnerabilities are enhanced by poverty? In other words, what happens during a disaster in a context where the ability to preempt and to manage risks is particularly limited?From the legal approach, as well as interdisciplinary, we have revealed the limits of the classical model which civil security systems of CEMAC states basically depend on, to the detriment of other relevant models of risk management(taking into account vulnerability and resilience) which feature on the law of civil security of these states just as an alignment.The reality is clear and brutal: risks and disasters are omnipresent in the CEMAC zone; this is the shadow overbearing the present and the future. This gloom reveals the absence of development of the sub region and the poor dissemination of technology and knowledge. Faced with this unprecedented situation, besides risk prevention, we call on breaking this feeling of helplessness, master disaster management, cease from imagining it far-fetchedly; but to think of it in the present, evaluate the resistance and resilience capacities. It is therefore necessary to renew the general organization of civil security in CEMAC states. In this vein, the emergence and/or the enhancement of a community model of protection of persons shall reinforce the sub regional civil security mechanism. The search for informed and participative governance can also be minimum vectors, but powerful catalyst to guarantee human security and fundamental rights.

This Diploma thesis deals with creating the Plan of Measures in Case of Exceptional Incidents on manufacture Premises. The first part of thesis is dedicated to description of Exceptional Incidents, primarily accidents with leak of hazardous chemical substances, legislation background of Exceptional Incidents and Emergency planning, Civil Protection, as a complex within Czech Republic and then individual measures (the plan are assembled of) are descripted. The Plan of Measures, as such itself, is created on the basis of processed analysis of hazardous properties connected with chemical substances, used in McBride, a.s., mainly the Acids and mixtures of alcohol. The leak of this compounds was simulated in software ALOHA, which gives information about degree of threat to inhabitants of this area. Suggested Measures are created to be practicable in particular situation in surroundings of McBride, a.s. Aim of this Diploma thesis is not just to create a particular Plan, but integrally describe the issues of Emergency planning especially for smaller subjects within municipality, that do not come under the scope of law n. 59/2006 Sb., and to create a tool, that can help to other creators of similar Plans of Measures to understand to partial relations.

To provide safety to domestic violence victims, law reform efforts provided victims with a civil remedy in which a judge orders the abuser to stay away from the victim. The research uses 1 rural county judicial system data to evaluate protective orders. Findings indicate that 42% of petitions are dismissed by petitioner's request or failure to prosecute. Moreover, court fees are not recouped in 79% of the cases. Logistic regression analysis indicate that an intimate relationship between the parties and payment of court costs by petitioner increased the probability of dismissal of petition upon petitioner's request; use of a gun and request to protect children increases the probability of applying the Brady Act; stalking and the issuance of the order of protection without social contact increased the probability of violations.

Il presente lavoro di tesi è strutturato in tre sezioni principali. La prima, che comprende i primi due capitoli, riguarda i riferimenti per la conoscenza: al fine di definire il contesto mondiale nel quale si inserisce la tesi, vengono analizzati i dati riguardanti i disastri naturali avvenuti e quelli relativi ai possibili scenari futuri anche in relazione ai cambiamenti climatici. La seconda parte, dedicata ad approfondimenti alle scale europea e italiana, effettua nei capitoli 3-4-5 una sorta di downscaling dei primi due: la medesima struttura di analisi viene riproposta, applicata e approfondita ad una scala spaziale di maggior dettaglio, prima quella europea e successivamente quella nazionale, focalizzando l’attenzione su un particolare tipo di disastro, vale a dire le alluvioni. La terza sezione concretizza il contributo metodologico del lavoro proponendo una nuova metodologia per l’elaborazione dei piani di protezione civile comunali o intercomunali, in particolare in riferimento agli scenari di rischio idraulico, e la sua diffusione con relativa verifica applicativa. / The present study is composed of three main sections. The first, covering the first two chapters, deals with references to knowledge: in order to define the worldwide scenario to which this study is referred, data on really occurred natural disaster and on possible future events are analyzed, considering also the probable influence of the on-going climate changes. The second part, chapters 3-4-5, is a sort of downscaling to the European and Italian territory of the first two chapters’ analysis. The same methodology is detailed and implemented for the analysis of a particular event’s type: flood risk (in Europe and Italy). Third section is about the methodological contribution of the study: a new approach to civil protection planning at local level is suggested, with a particular focus on flood risk scenarios. This new civil protection planning methodology has been applied to a real context and the relative case study is presented.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota ir įvertinta Lietuvos kariuomenės veikla civilinės saugos srityje, iškeltos kariuomenės pasiruošimo teikti pagalbą civilinėms institucijoms problemos bei pateikti pasiūlymai, kaip šias problemas spręsti. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu tiriamos Lietuvos kariuomenės veiklos civilinės saugos srityje galimybės. Skyrius suskirstytas į trys poskyrius pagal apžvelgiamas teorines temas: civilinės gynybos ir saugos raida, Lietuvos gynybos ir civilinės saugos sistemų kūrimasis ir kariuomenės parama ekstremaliųjų situacijų metu. Antroje dalyje analizuojamos Lietuvos kariuomenės pasirengimo teikti paramą civilinei saugai situacija ir problemos. Antrasis skyrius suskirstytas į keturis skyrius, kuriuose išdėstoma tyrimo metodika, atlikto tyrimo rezultatai ir identifikuotos problemos bei jų sprendimo būdai. / In this Master Thesis, the work of the Lithuanian Armed Forces in the field of civil protection has been analized and evaluated. In addition, problems in military prepardness for helping civilian institutions were identified and suggestions were made how these problems can be solved. In the first part of the Thesis, the capacity/performance of Lithuanian military work in the field of civil protection has been analysed on the theoretical level. This part of the Thesis is composed of three sections that describe the following topics – the development of civil defence and protection, the establishment of defence and civil protection systems in Lithuania and military support for civilian institutions in extreme situations. The second part of the Thesis is divided into four sections that provide the methods and the results of the experiment that was carried out, and identify certain problems and propose solutions for them.

This thesis deals with preventive educational activities carried by the Czech Republic Fire brigade. The basic duty of the Fire and Rescue service is systematic public information regarding the emergency situations. The Czech Fire and Rescue Service carries out activities, which are aimed for population, support its preparation. They are using preventive educational activities for passing out targeted information. The theoretical part contains basic information and context related with the subject. There are described legislation and internal regulations of the Fire and Rescue Service, on which basis, the prevention is regulated. Subjects engaged in preventive educational activities and organizational structure of the Czech Republic Fire and Rescue Service were briefly characterized in this part. The total concept focus of the Fire and Rescue Service on the issue was also explained. The theoretical part relies on the knowledge gained from the analysis of available literature dealing with this issue. The current state of implementation of preventive educational activities and its level due to the resources of the Fire and Rescue Service was assessed in the next part of this thesis. To achieve the objective and obtain answer to research question, the qualitative research methods were carried out. The current situation of the topic and identification of the suitable changes in direction of progress of the preventive educational activities for the future was objectively described by using the SWOT analysis. From the questionnaire survey, there were reported attitudes and expert opinions of the Fire and Rescue Service regional coordinators. Followed by analyzing and comparing of the findings from the research, was obtained a comprehensive overview of the current status of the issue and the assessment of the situation individual regions on the regional level. A research question which was examined in this thesis was whether the preventive educational activities provided by the Fire and Rescue Service perform tasks in the way, that prevents of extraordinary events. The answer to the research question was statement that the preventive educational activities, provided by Fire and Rescue Service can fulfill the obligation in preventing the extraordinary events. The results showed that the issue has not been sufficiently addressed and it is not paid enough attention to the issue by the Fire and Rescue Service. The aim of this study was to formulate proposal for improving the implementation of the preventive educational activities, the Fire and Rescue Service resulting from the latest trends. Several solutions are proposed based on the data from the survey. For example, the introduction of a new specialized course for coordinators targeted on teaching and presentation skills. There are persistently increasing demands on professional knowledge and skills of the coordinators. These skills could be fulfilled in the course. The course would content the needs of the coordinators in the performance of activities related to the issue. An important factor for the further development of opportunities is primarily to ensure the sufficient system of financial support. In providing preventive educational activities is important to choose the appropriate access to the population and appropriately select the forms, methods and ways of presenting the information communicated. The research has discovered that it is necessary to focus on specific groups of population. By creating an educational tool for foreigners and disabled residents is possible to improve their skills and to avoid the lack of protection of health and lives at extraordinary event. The proposed ways suitable for use in such activities are social networks, websites and television. These modern and attractive communication methods can be used to publish targeted articles and information or to allow the appearance of member of the Fire and Rescue Service on television broadcast.

Theme of our thesis is in generally not much mapped issues, regarding education and prepares people and especially pupils of elementary schools in Slovak Republic. Theme I chose because of my long experience with issues relating to the protection of human health and life associated with the provision of the first aid and solutions incidents as medical paramedic, voluntary fire brigade and civil protection units. The aim of this thesis is to identify and assess expert opinion on civil protection and crisis management of education and teachers' preparedness to deal with emergencies and the need to introduce a separate subject civil protection in elementary schools Slovak Republic. Another aim is to analyze teachers interested in establishing a separate school subject civil protection in elementary schools Slovak Republic. Based on research in the practical part we set other goals: create a draft manual educationally education program on civil population protection for upper elementary schools and its subsequent implementation in the selected elementary school in Dojč. A handbook could serve for the preparation of pupils for self-defense and mutual assistance in the development of emergencies. Research was realized using qualitative and quantitative, analytical and synthetic, inductive-deductive methods, in the form of semi-structured interviews with experts in civil protection of the population and statistical survey among teachers in elementary schools in Slovak Republic. Researches question ?It is considered important to establish a separate subject of civilian protection in elementary schools of Slovak Republic?? Was it answered and statistical verificated. The result of statistical investigation was positive; this means that teachers are agreed on the necessity of establishment an independent subject of civil protection. On-backed talks, we have concluded that the instruction relating to the protection of civilian populations is inadequate. Teachers haven't got any sources to draw from and also their knowledge are not satisfactory. We believe that the practical ignorance and inaction after the unusual event in its first phase could have fatal consequences.

Civil protection is getting one of the most important activities governments of all civilized states in the world deal with. Substantial funds are spent on setting up of armed forces, security organizations, groups of specialists and employees and on reinforcing of army forces that can participate in civil protection during state of emergency or in critical civil situations. For realization of these attacks a lot of money is needed. To get the money other crimes are committed, namely production and trade with narcotics and psychotropic substances or illegal weapon trade. The bodies participating in civil protection of each single state have to be able and ready to search for implements that directly or indirectly endanger not only the safety of inhabitants, but also the safety of important buildings and the premises of critical infrastructure. It concerns searching for explosives, firearms, narcotics and psychotropic substances, burning accelerants or e.g. banknotes. For these activities most police forces and bodies of civil protection use dogs because of their character and abilities. This companion closest to a man is able to find and mark all named commodities after having finished its proper training. The aim of this thesis is to specify the importance of special kynology for civil protection, focused on locating of explosives using specially trained dogs. Qualitative survey is the base of this dissertation. Respondents are experts with long-time experience in special kynology and explosives. Methods used within the research are following: secondary data analysis, half structured interview and photo documentation. SWOT analysis has been made that describes the condition of special kynology in the Czech Republic. The Police of the Czech Republic, as one of three basic bodies of Integrated Rescue System, have to fulfil many tasks defined by law. One of the most important tasks is life and health protection of all persons that are in the certain moment in our state territory. For attacks against these values explosives are used nowadays. If they are misused and installed in explosive systems, the members of the Police of the Czech Republic are the ones who enter the area of explosive placement or the possible placement of such object. Besides, they carry out safety and preventive explosives search. Some of these members are canine officers. Their task is to train the dogs in a special way so that these are able to locate explosives. They take part in every search for explosives which is led by the police. Thanks to their placement they are able to begin with investigation within a few minutes or tens of minutes almost anywhere in the area of the Czech Republic. Nowadays there is no other body of armed force that would be able to provide this kind of service. That is why it is necessary to solve such problems that endanger this activity, such as lack of finance or little cooperation among individual units. Despite these problems we have to highlight the professionalism of canine officers, their experience and work enthusiasm as well as a very high level of training centres. If trained and used in the right way, the dogs are irreplaceable in the search for explosives not only nowadays but also in the future. Without their help the search cannot be effective. The dissertation presents a complete overview and description of the use of special kynology concerning search for explosives in relation to civil protection. In practice it will improve the public awareness and it will be used as complete information material for experts.

Civil protection in the CR has undergone a major transformation since the 1990s. New legislation came into force as of 1.1.2001. The enforcement of state administration in civil protection matters was transferred from the Defence Ministry to the Ministry of the Interior. These adverse influences entail natural disasters, industrial accidents and other exceptional events. That it is important not to underestimate exceptional events and to be thoroughly prepared for them, as by being prepared we are in a better position to overcome the fear and panic that breaks out when such a situation occurs. People are prepared they are able to more objectively assess any situation that arises and can help not only themselves but also their loved ones and neighbours.

In order to preserve its existence since its origination, mankind has had to deal with a variety of adverse effects which have been largely influencing human conduct and behaviour. We become witnesses to events that are identified as exceptional, because they often occur unexpectedly and endanger the lives and health of people. These events cause great damage to property and the environment. They may arise from harmful reactions of forces and phenomena resulting from human activities, from natural forces or from a combination of both. Such events may be floodings, storms, technological accidents with the release of hazardous substances, major road accidents, extensive fires, acts of terrorism. The management of such incidents and emergencies requires the intervention of the Integrated Rescue System. The joint intervention of the components abides by legal standards and internal guidelines. During the intervention of the Integrated Rescue System, a crucial part of the activities is carried out by the Fire and Rescue Units. The diploma thesis deals with the legislation in the field of civil protection and population protection. Information on the history of civil protection and population protection tasks is provided. The administrative territory of the South Bohemian region is characterized. The issue of the Integrated Rescue System and its structure is dealt with. The Fire and Rescue Units are proposed as appropriate to protect the population.