Floods are now a topic discussed more and more frequently, requiring to be paid appropriate attention. Any activities carried out before floods occur, when they are being coped with, and after they recede, should be aimed above all at minimising the casualties and injuries. The diploma thesis analyses the measures taken to protect the population against floods in a selected sample of communities in the Pardubice Region and the South Bohemian Region. Readiness of the communities has been identified unambiguously under the conditions defined advance with a stress on the parameters observed. The analysis of the selected parts of the flood plans evaluates how the communities are ready to provide the population with protection if a flood occurs. In addition to a theoretical excursion to a specific field of the population protection applied in the environment of floods, the wide connections of its inclusion in the security system are also mentioned. The practical part deals with and analyses selected communities from the viewpoint of their readiness to take measures for protection of the population during the period of floods and from the viewpoint of their overall preparedness under the defined conditions. An index of readiness of the communities formulated with use of the operational analysis has been fixed for the purposes of an unambiguous identification. The index has been defined on the basis of monitoring clearly specified parameters formulated depending on the outputs from the legislative process and relevant standards. After the results have been processed and the conclusions have been made, the readiness of the selected communities to deal with floods, under precisely defined conditions, may be referred to as insufficient. The findings in the diploma thesis should be reflected by relevant flood-protection bodies. Use of the operation analysis methods and their applications also out of the field of the critical infrastructure are an added value of the thesis as well.

The thesis deals with design of new administrative building, which supposed to serve as headquarters of midsize company with approximately 100 employees. Concept of the building with two overground floors and basement would meet requirements of growing corporate structure, company representation and modern working environment. Rectangular shape of the building allows future dispositional reconstruction and modernization. This layout allows to simplify solution of technical equipment. On the first floor of 870 square meters is facility for employees and clients located including technical background of the building as well. The underground floor is designed as storage, technical background and civil protection shelter. On the second floor are employees and management´s space located. The structural system of the building is composed of reinforced concrete skeletal structure casted in situ. Cladding of the underground section is designed as monolithic concrete walls. Upper part cladding is designed as ceramic masonry walls. The building facade is a combination of smooth aluminium panels, aluminium windows and glass facade with transparent and opaque parts. The main carousel entry is located in the glass facade part.

Civil Defence was in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1990, defined as a set of measures that are intended to prepare the state and the society it lives to defend before the war. Armed conflict in the then bipolar world could occur within a few days because of preparation for such a conflict took place on both sides for decades. Quitting called. Cold War, a period in which to minimize the possibility of a global military confrontation. However, the newly defined and continue to occur, often difficult to predict, security threats and risks. Protection of lives, health and property values, along with sovereignty, territorial integrity and protection of the democratic foundations of the newly formed Czech Republic, the basic duty of the state. Responsibility for the protection of the population in the newly constructed system of protection of the population in the Czech Republic, partially transferred and distributed to all levels of government, including municipalities and small towns. Newly constructed Integrated rescue system became progressively a linchpin in the coordination of activities and procedures in preparing for emergencies in rescue and clean up operations and to protect against the crisis states, and after the state of emergency. This thesis is aimed to carry out data collection from ten cities of the reporting period with extended powers, which is based in the South Region. File data collected will be evaluated and the evaluation in order to determine the economic performance of the financing protection of the population in a particular city. The assessment will be done in relation to the basic element of civil protection units which are voluntary municipal fire brigade. The thesis will be evaluated the impact of funding fire protection budget of the municipality. Work wonders, what is the trend in financing those units while trying to answer the question, what is the impact on the budget funding specific community. Both responses will be made a conclusion that communicate, whether financing is adequate fire protection units or not. Investigations will be carried out at one of the village extended powers, therefore, from a global perspective, this will not result in a valid conclusion about the crucial work. Wider research on the topic, with a similar focus, however, may, if the interests of society, such data can bring.

School readiness for an emergency situation should be one of the basic priorities for all employers and employees of these facilities. For this purpose, there was implemented a questionnaire survey with three types of questionnaires a questionnaire for school principals, teachers and students. The theoretical part deals with of legislative definition of emergency situation and terminology of concepts such as safety or emergency, emergency situation, an emergency threat, rescue and liquidation work, crisis situations, integrated rescue system, protection of the population and evacuation. Another chapter is the concept of public protection teaching , which is divided into periods before 1989 and after 1989. Within chapters population protection before 1989, we may include terms such as antiaircraft civil protection, civil defense and military training the concept of . Teaching in area of the population for emergencies in the Czech Republic after 1989 is divided into preschool education, elementary education, secondary education and university education. This chapter included preventive educational activities directed at the desired target group. Further chapters in the theoretical part of the thesis are Protection of Population and Concept of Population Protection. The last chapter was focused on the current state of schools in the Czech Republic, in the South Bohemian Region and in the city České Budějovice. The target of the research part was to assess the readiness of selected schools in the emergency situation. For the purpose of research were developed three types of questionnaires. The first questionnaire was designed for school principals and contained 26 questions. Questions have closed answers. The beginning of the questionnaire characterizes the research sample. Followed by the thematic block that deals with the evacuation plan and the subsequent evacuation. Further questions are aimed to asses the readiness of schools, teachers and students for the emergency situation. The last questions asks whether directors ward appreciated to retrain the teachers in the area of Human Protection in emergency situation. The second questionnaire was intended for teachers. It included 34 questions and was organized into two thematic sections. The questionnaire was a combination of open and closed questions. The beginning of the questionnaire characterizes the research sample. The first thematic section discusses about the evacuation plan, how often it is performed evacuation training, whether the school is working with the Integrated Rescue System, whether the students are acquainted with the recommended behavior when an emergency event is and how, whether teachers participate in training to protect the population, or which training or thematic area should bet he best for them. The second thematic section was focused on the teacher knowledges. The third questionnaire was for students and included 28 questions. The first three questions were used to gather information about the respondent. After the questionnaire was focused on the students' knowledge in the area of civil protection, fire protection, first aid, release of radioactive and chemical substances. Each area contained four questions. Another 3 questions were focused on the knowledge of phone numbers which students should know in case of emergency. The last issues examined whether and how they were pupils and students introduced with the recommended behavior in the course of an emergency event.In case of school principals was used as a qualitative method PAPI - Paper and Pen Interviewing. This method is based on personal interviews in which respondents' answers recorded in a printed, standardized questionnaire. In The questionnaire for teachers and students was used a quantitative methods of questionnaire survey. All results were entered into the Excel program, which is a part of the Microsoft Office software package and evaluated in graphs.

The diploma thesis on the topic "The fulfillment of European union norms in area population protection" is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical part is divided into three parts. First part is devoted to the description of the Czech system of population protection. It describes the development of population protection in the Czech Republic, introduces basic legislation in the area of population protection and elaborates tasks of population protection (evacuation, warning and notification, concealment, individual protection, emergency population survival and decontamination). The second part of the theoretical part is devoted to the international context of population protection. Describes the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, and European Union Documents and norms in the area of population protection. The third part explains the term of civil emergency planning. In the practical part, the system of protection of the population (civil protection) in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the system of population protection in the Czech Republic were discussed. As a basis for this part of the work were used the National Security Strategy, the Civil contingency act and basic Czech legislation in this area. Finally, the system of population protection in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Czech Republic was compared. The aim of the diploma thesis is to clarify the problems of population protection, to describe the system of population protection in the Czech Republic and the European Union and to compare this area in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Based on the analysed documents, a research question was answered.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the trends in individual periods of selected legal and sub-legal regulations on civil protection/defense in the Czech Republic from 1935 to the present. In addition to presenting an overview and description of individual legal provisions, the study also outlines the characteristics of the period in which the legal provisions were created, approved, and subsequently enacted. Three European countries were selected and briefly described for the purposes of the overview and comparison ? specifically, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria. In all of them, much emphasis has been put on the population?s protection, so that these democratic states have considerable and valuable experience in protecting their citizens in their respective geographic and historical setup. Using a multicriteria analysis, a comparison of legal provisions on civil protection/defense in the territory of the Czech Republic was made from 1935 to the present. Since it was not feasible to compare all the legal and sub-legal regulations in the given area, the study concentrated on the main legislation during that period. The period under study, i.e., 1935 to the present, was divided into segments where significant amendments were adopted in the area of civil defense in the territory of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, these main provisions on civil defense were detailed so as to make the primary objectives of the individual provisions obvious. The chapter containing compilation of the results describes selected key legislation in the periods from 1935 to 1961, then from 1961 to 2000, and finally from 2000 to the present, including a comprehensive table with a brief description of selected regulations. In conclusion, it was necessary to state that endangerment of the population, both with respect to civil and military threats, still exists. Therefore, it is essential to continue to amend and supplement the current legal provisions on a current basis, even though the legislation is very good, quality-wise, to be able to respond flexibly and effectively in the event that the population of the Czech Republic is exposed to any of the potential threats.

In Slovak Republic, fundamentals of protection of people, property and environment are established by the Constitution of Slovak Republic, the Security Strategy of Slovak Republic and by numerous Acts, Declarations or Regulations of Government which refer to Civilian Protection and Integrated Rescue System. Legislative standards with regards to protection of health or property does not take into account people with health disabilities despite the fact that the right for safety and timely warning of imminent danger is granted for every citizen on the territory of Slovak Republic. Objective of my diploma work is to investigate readiness of institutions participating on solutions of extraordinary events which struck people with health disabilities. Based on results of quantitative survey we would like to point out on deficiencies of the system and to propose a solution to improve procedures of the Integrated Rescue System and Civil Protection with regards to people with health disabilities. Further objective is to process a proposal of methodical tutorial which would contain basis gesticulation important for communication with the hearing impaired. Theoretical part of the diploma work consists of several chapters. The first part discusses basic families, classes and types of health impairment. Further on system of Civil Protection and its mission was processed. Last part is dedicated to the Integrated Rescue System. In that chapter we described fundamental and other rescue branches which by large participated on solutions of extraordinary events. The theory was processed by means of law legislation, sources of literature and internet websites. The empirical (practical) part of the thesis has been used qualitative research method. Because it is extremely difficult to collect such data were made through guided interview with experts of Civil Protection and managers of particular rescue branches (Fire fighting and Rescue Force, Rescue Health Service, Police Force) only in three selected counties of Presov region (Poprad, Stará Ľubovňa, Prešov). Results of the managed interview were evaluated by SWOT analysis which compares the internal and external environment. On the basis of empirical phenomenon a searching strategy (WO) was chosen whereby the focus was laid on utilizing opportunities and eliminating weaknesses. Based on results we concluded that issue of health disability isn?t incorporated into law legislation and plans to solve extraordinary events. There is no common education of managerial and executive rescue branches which would enable them to gather fundamental knowledge of classes and specifications of health disability, possibilities of communication and means of first-aid provision. For further qualitative and quantitative development of education there is a deficiency of material-didactic instruments which serve to accomplish the objective. We also concluded that when rescuing health-impaired people there are no special procedures and methods taken into account. At the same time for the hearing-impaired there is no system of timely warning and information of imminent danger and possibility to call rescue branches through the emergency phone line. With regards to existing deficiencies we proposed practical recommendations. To improve communication with hearing impaired people we created a proposal of a methodical instrument for rescue branches which contains basic signs. As a part of it there is also a one-hand and two-hand finger alphabet for refinement and visualisation of words.

L'importance des catastrophes est un extrême qui peut difficilement être discuté. Ceci est largement dû à ses conséquences néfastes pour les personnes, leur propriété ou l'environnement. Ainsi, des exemples tels que ceux de Tchernobyl, l'ouragan Katrina, le tremblement de terre en Haïti en 2010 ou le tsunami et l'accident de la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima I en 2011, démontrent l'importance et la pertinence de ce problème.Les catastrophes se situent dans une situation transversale qui affecte les questions fondamentales du Droit international, comme la formulation de normes internationales ou les fonctions de ce secteur, entre autres. En outre, au cours des dernières années, le débat doctrinal concernant la réglementation des catastrophes par le droit international s'est intensifié. Cela met en évidence la fragmentation et la limitation de la réglementation juridique internationale sur ce sujet. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’effectuer une étude générale de ces événements qui permet une régulation holistique, dans laquelle les différents types et hypothèses ont une place. L'objectif de ce travail est donc de déterminer la réponse donnée par le Droit international dans les situations de catastrophe. À cette fin, une analyse de la pratique normative et institutionnelle existante a été établie. Ce travail tente de répondre à certaines questions autour des catastrophes telles que sa définition, quelles sont les normes en la matière ainsi que son efficacité. En outre, les développements institutionnels sont étudiés dans le domaine universel et régional centré sur les Nations Unies et l'Union Européenne. / Disasters’ significance is an aspect that can hardly be discussed. This is largely due to its harmful consequences for people, property or the environment. Accordingly, examples such as those of Chernobyl, Hurricane Katrina, the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 or the tsunami and subsequent accident at the Fukushima I nuclear power plant in 2011, demonstrate the importance and relevance of this problem.The disasters shall be considered as a transversal topic that affects basic issues of International Law such as the formulation of international standards or its core functions, among others. In addition, in recent years the doctrinal debate regarding the regulation of disasters by International Law has been increasing. Academic papers highlight the fragmentation and limitation of such international legal regulation. Therefore, it is necessary a general study of these events that allows a holistic regulation, in which the different types and assumptions could have a place. This work aims to determine the response offered by International Law in the event of disasters. For that, an analysis of the existing normative and institutional practice has been established to give answer to some of the questions around these events such as its definition, what are the existing norms as well as its effectiveness. Along with the normative analysis, institutional developments are studied focused on the United Nations and the European Union. / La importancia de las catástrofes es un extremo que difícilmente puede discutirse. Ello debido en gran medida a sus consecuencias perjudiciales para las personas, los bienes o el medioambiente. De este modo, ejemplos como los de Chernóbil, el huracán Katrina, el terremoto de Haití de 2010 o el maremoto y posterior accidente en la central nuclear de Fukushima I en 2011, demuestran la trascendencia y actualidad de este problema. Las catástrofes se sitúan como una situación transversal que afecta a cuestiones básicas del Derecho Internacional tales como la formulación de normas internacionales o las funciones de este sector, entre otras. Además, en los últimos años el debate doctrinal respecto de la regulación de las catástrofes por el Derecho Internacional ha ido en aumento. En éste se destaca la fragmentación y limitación de dicha regulación jurídico-internacional. Por ello, resulta necesario un estudio general de estos eventos que permita una reglamentación holística, en la que tengan cabida los distintos tipos y supuestos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la respuesta ofrecida por el Derecho Internacional ante situaciones de catástrofe. Para ello se ha establecido un análisis de la práctica normativa e institucional existente. Este trabajo trata de dar respuesta a algunos de los interrogantes en torno a las catástrofes tales como su definición, qué normas existen en la materia, así como su efectividad. Junto con el análisis normativo se estudian los desarrollos institucionales en la materia centrada en Naciones Unidas (en el ámbito universal) y en la Unión Europea (en el regional).

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie is die noodsaaklike bestuursrol van die rampverpleegster tydens rampoptrede en direk daarna verken, nagevors en beskryf. Haar bevoegdheid om die verskillende rampbestuurstake effektief te kan verrig voor, tydens en na rampe wat buite 'n hospitaal plaasvind, is oak nagegaan. Bestuurstake is geidentifiseer waarmee verpleegsters tydens rampsituasies buite hospitale vertroud behoort te wees. Die navorsingsprojek het deur middel van vraelyste biografiese data ingesamel met betrekking tot die persone wat as rampverpleegsters by Burgerlike Beskerming in Pretoria geregistreer is, met die doel om 'n kursus aan te beveel wat pertinent op hul behoeftes gerig is. Die rampverpleegster se behoefte aan toepaslike verdere opleiding, inoefening of leiding betreffende die ge1dentifiseerde bestuurstake, is bepaal. Dit het geblyk dat opleiding in die meeste take nodig is, en 'n kursus in rampbestuur vir verpleegkundiges is ontwerp / In this study the essential management role of the disaster nurse during disaster action was outlined, researched and described. Her competency to effectively execute disaster relief tasks before, during and after a disaster occurring outside a hospital, was studied. Management tasks were identified which nurses should have mastered regarding disaster situations occurring outside hospital boundaries. Research data were gathered by means of a questiorinaire on the biographic detail of disaster nurses registered with · Civil Defence in Pretoria, in order to recommend a course specifically aimed at fulfilling their requirements. The research project identified requirements of the disaster nurse for appropriate further training, practise and guidance regarding the identified-management tasks. It became evident that training is required in most of the tasks, and a training course for nurses in disaster management was designed / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)

El carácter aplicado y estratégico del estudio de los Riesgos Naturales justifica el interés de abordar este tema desde el punto de vista global e integrador que caracteriza a la ciencia geográfica. En este campo, la comparación de las políticas desarrolladas en diferentes países, así como en la Unión Europea como ente supranacional, resulta muy valiosa para diseñar estrategias efectivas que puedan aplicarse a la mejora del sistema de gestión de riesgos naturales desarrollado en España. El fin último, el correcto ensamblaje entre las distintas fases de intervención y los organismos implicados, obedece al esfuerzo por comprender y reducir las inadaptaciones entre el ser humano y el medio en el que se inscriben sus actividades, contribuyendo de este modo a minimizar el impacto, tanto económico como social, de las catástrofes naturales. / The applicability and the strategic nature of Natural Risks investigation justify the interest to approach this subject from the global and binding point of view which characterizes Geography science. In this area, the comparison between policies that have been developed in different countries, as well as in the European Union as a higher body, could be extremely valuable in the design of effective strategies that might be applied to improve the Spanish natural risks management system. The final goal is to get the correct correlation between the different intervention phases and the organisms involved, in order to understand and reduce the failures in adaptation between human beings and the environment in which they live and act. This would contribute to minimize the economic as well as social impact of natural disasters.