Cette thèse porte sur les relations entre les processus SLE, les ensembles CLE et le champ libre Gaussien. Dans le chapitre 2, nous donnons une construction des processus SLE(k,r) à partir des boucles des CLE(k) et d'échantillons de restriction chordale. Sheffield et Werner ont prouvé que les CLE(k) peuvent être construits à partir des processus d'exploration symétriques des SLE(k,r).Nous montrons dans le chapitre 3 que la configuration des boucles construites à partir du processus d'exploration asymétrique des SLE(k,k-6) donne la même loi CLE(k). Le processus SLE(4) peut être considéré comme les lignes de niveau du champ libre Gaussien et l'ensemble CLE(4) correspond à la collection des lignes de niveau de ce champ libre Gaussien. Dans la deuxième partie du chapitre 3, nous définissons un paramètre de temps invariant conforme pour chaque boucle appartenant à CLE(4) et nous donnons ensuite dans le chapitre 4 un couplage entre le champ libre Gaussien et l'ensemble CLE(4) à l'aide du paramètre de temps. Les processus SLE(k) peuvent être considérés comme les lignes de flot du champ libre Gaussien. Nous explicitons la dimension de Hausdorff de l'intersection de deux lignes de flot du champ libre Gaussien. Cela nous permet d'obtenir la dimension de l'ensemble des points de coupure et des points doubles de la courbe SLE, voir le chapitre 5. Dans le chapitre 6, nous définissons la mesure de restriction radiale, prouvons la caractérisation de ces mesures, et montrons la condition nécessaire et suffisante de l'existence des mesures de restriction radiale.

Recent scholarship has examined the lived experience of unmarried women in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain, both in cities and in the countryside. Typically, scholarship in this field has focussed on women's social identity whether spinster, widow or lesbian and addressed how these types of women were variously used in fiction and the press to contest or uphold the gendered status quo. This thesis problematises the distinct characterisation of these social identities by examining works which seek to unify female social identity at the fin de siècle through a common modern experience: the conflict between individual and collective life. All of the female subjects examined in this thesis whether author, artist, or fictional character, and whether married, separated, unmarried, widowed, homosexual, or not easily identifiable either way are solitary figures. Their movement within and interaction with their environments reveal the uneasy combination of separation and exposure experienced by working women of all classes at the fin de siècle. This thesis examines the solitary female figure in works of British fiction produced between 1880 and 1922. It considers the pressures and implications of separation and exposure in relation to female celebrity and creative practices at the fin de siècle. My methodology involves examining the biography and auto/biographical works of Amy Levy (1861-1889), George Egerton (pseud. of Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright; 1859-1945), Sarah Grand (pseud. of Frances Elizabeth Bellenden McFall; 1854-1943) and Charlotte Mew (1869-1923), and drawing out aspects that speak to the desires for privacy and, conversely, publicity and/or companionship. I identify how their lived experience of this conflict broadly, between society and solitude affected the depiction of modern female consciousness in their literary works by examining their female characters subjective interaction with three environments: the foreign landscape, the home, and the city. My aim is to identify how Levy, Egerton, Grand and Mew used their literary works to acknowledge and retaliate against the restrictions which continued to limit urban women's physical, social and psychological autonomy.

With an increased popularity for systems-based approaches in biology, a wide spectrum of techniques has been applied to the simulation and analysis of biochemical systems which involves uncertainty and stochasticity. It is particularly concerned with modelling and analysis of metabolic pathways, regulatory and signal transduction networks for understanding intra-cellular pathway behaviour. Typically, parameter estimation in ordinary differential equations(ODEs) models is used for this purpose when there is large number of molecules involved in the reaction system. However this approach is correct when the system is large enough to be deterministic in nature. But there are uncertainty involved in the system and the processes are stochastic in nature due to smaller population molecules participating in the pathway reactions. In this thesis the common theme is the study of uncertainties in the chemical kinetics of biochemical reaction systems associated with various intra-cellular pathways and channels. The study is at the mesoscale of the system, i.e., we study systems that do not have too few molecules disallowing any higher scale system level approximation nor too many where a non-stochastic (mesoscale) system approximation will be valid. In our first study we estimate the parameters in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway involved in the departure from the normal Epithelial Growth Factor(EGF) dose-dependency in prostate cancer cells. A model-based pathway analysis is performed. The pathway is mathematically modelled with 28 rate equations yielding those many ordinary differential equations(ODE) with kinetic rate constants that have been reported to take random values in the existing literature. This has led to us treating the ODE model of the pathways kinetics as a random differential equations(RDE) system in which the parameters are random variables. The most likely set of values of the kinetic rate constants obtained from fitting the RDE model into the experimental data is then used in a direct transcription based dynamic optimization method for computing the changes needed in these kinetic rate constant values for the restoration of the normal EGF dose response. It identifies the parameters, i.e., the kinetic rate constants in the RDE model, that are the most sensitive to the change in the EGF dose response behaviour in the PC3 prostate cancer cells. Biochemical pathways involving chemical kinetics equations in terms of low concen-trations of the model variables can be represented as chemical Langevin equations(CLE) as there is stochasticity involved in the processes. Most CLE systems come with the implicit constraint that the concentration state cannot be negative at any time over the sample path. Due to the inherent stiffness(especially in diffusion coefficient) of the CLE system, it has been difficult for numerical schemes to meet this positivity constraint during numerical simulations. Most available methods resort to heuristics by dropping selective noise terms from the original CLE inconsistent with the mesoscale physics involved in forming the CLE. Other methods take very small time steps thus making the simulation inefficient. In our second study we preserve positivity by using a physically consistent numerical scheme which is a modified form of fully stochastic α method for stiff stochastic differential equation. Ion channels are fundamental molecules in the nervous system that catalyse the flux of ions across the cell membrane. Single ion channel flux activity is comparable to the catalytic activity of single enzyme molecules. Saturating concentrations of substrate induce dynamic disorder in the kinetic rate processes of single enzyme molecules and consequently, develop correlative memory of the previous history of activities. Conversely, binding of substrate ion is known to alter the catalytic turnover of single ion channels. Here, we investigated the possible existence of dynamic disorder and molecular memory in single human TREK1 channel due to binding of substrate/agonist using the excised inside-out patch-clamp technique. Our results suggest that single hTREK1 channel behaves as a typical Michaelis-Menten enzyme molecule with a single high-affinity binding site for substrate K+ ion but with uncertainty in reaction rates.

Cette th��se de doctorat a pour objet l'��dition critique, la traduction et l'analyse de l'oeuvre th����trale compl��te de Fran��ois de Cort��te (1585-1667). Ce seigneur agenais a ��volu�� dans l'entourage d'Adrien de Monluc, m��c��ne et protecteur de nombreux auteurs de langue fran��aise et de langue occitane. Le th����tre de Cort��te, partiellement ��dit�� apr��s sa mort par ses fils, pr��sente deux pastorales qui se distinguent par un certain " souci de r��alit�� " dans la repr��sentation des bergers mis en sc��ne sur les terres dont il est le seigneur. La Miramondo explore les r��gles d'unit��s ; dans son Ramonnet Cort��te reprend l'��thnotype comique du matamore gascon dont il inverse le sens du ridicule en dessinant un des premiers portraits de francimand de la litt��rature en langue occitane ; Sancho al palays del Duc est une com��die, qui sur le mod��le de Gu��rin de Bouscal, adapte �� la sc��ne une dizaine de chapitres du second livre du Quichotte. A l'instar du po��te toulousain Pierre Godolin en po��sie, Cort��te exploite et illustre les ressources de la langue d'oc en produisant une oeuvre th����trale sur le mod��le des cr��ations contemporaines des ��lites europ��ennes. Ses trois pi��ces refl��tent la richesse et ladiversit�� de la production th����trale en France entre les ann��es 1630 et 1650 ainsi que les bouleversements qui la traversent. Cette ��dition, r��alis��e �� partir des manuscrits autographes, se veut aussi fid��le que possible au texte tout en veillant �� pr��server sa lisibilit��. Elle constitue aussi la premi��re traduction fran��aise du th����tre de Cort��te de Prades. Aucune indication de datation n'ayant ��t�� donn��e par l'auteur sur la chronologie de la composition de ses pi��ces et la bibliographie critique ��tant extr��mement r��duite, l'analyse donn��e en introduction aborde les trois pi��ces de mani��retransversale et tente de r��pondre �� cette probl��matique chronologique tout en pr��cisant et en explorant les principales questions qui d��finissent la singularit�� de cette oeuvre.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana Carla Mastromauro.pdf: 2647121 bytes, checksum: c8d495ac9f2223ee6153c80f69d6d3d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-24 / Cette communication fait une analise d?une partie de la ville de S?o Paulo ammenag?e ? la fin du dizneuvi?me si?cle. Au d?bout, em 1880, a ?tte construit a cet endroit L?Hospital de Isolamento, haujourd?hui Hospital Em?lio Ribas, et en suite, en 1887, le nouveau cimmeti?re publique de la ville, le Cemit?rio do Ara??, tout au long de l?avenue Municipal, haujourd?hui Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, devant l?Hospital de Isolamento. Ces batiments ont ?t? construit a cet endroit quand dominait une ideologie du higienisme et du sanitarisme. Toutefois, cette periode est justement laquelle ou la th?orie bacteriologique a mise em cause les th?ories sur le miasme que dominait jusqu?? ce moment et que justifiait l?isolement de ces ?quipements publiques. / O presente estudo analisa uma ?rea da cidade de S?o Paulo ocupada no final do s?culo XIX. Inicialmente, em 1880, ali seria constru?do o Hospital de Isolamento, hoje Hospital Em?lio Ribas, e em seguida, em 1887, o novo cemit?rio p?blico da cidade, o Cemit?rio do Ara??, ao longo da Avenida Municipal, hoje Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, em frente ao Hospital de Isolamento. Estes edif?cios se instalam no local sob a orienta??o ideol?gica do higienismo e da salubridade. Todavia, o per?odo em an?lise ? justamente aquele no qual a teoria bacteriol?gica veio a abalar as teorias miasm?ticas ent?o dominantes, as quais justificavam o isolamento destes equipamentos p?blicos. Procura-se desvendar, neste trabalho, como a no??o de sa?de p?blica e os conceitos de higienismo da ?poca est?o presentes nas justificativas das escolhas de implanta??o destes edif?cios na regi?o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranselmaFF_TESE.pdf: 2650206 bytes, checksum: 4d396ef3b4313600c2ed11027dc3da6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / La lecture faite du livre Serid? − XIX?me si?cle (Fazendas & livros), des historiens Medeiros Filhos et Faria, a ?t? ce qui a d?clench? l ?crit de cette th?se de doctorat. La lecture intensive de ce livre a conduit au corpus documentaire de la recherche (livres scolaires, religieux et la?ques, chronique, discours, documents eccl?siastiques, inventaires, testaments, m?moires d'enfance, articles journalistiques, rapports), et aussi au corpus du r?f?rentiel th?orico-m?thodologique de l'histoire culturelle de la lecture, en correspondance avec Roger Chartier et Robert Darnton. Dans la rigueur de l'?criture de la th?se, la recherche relative ? la th?matique lecture et absorptions culturelles nous a men?s ? d?finir comme objet d'?tude les pratiques culturelles appropri?es pertinemment aux lectures faites, entendues, murmur?es, de nombreuses fois r?p?t?es et m?moris?es, de livres scolaires imprim?s, religieux et la?ques qui circulaient ? Caic?, dans les ann?es mille huit cents. En vue de la lecture intensive et de l'extensive, l'objectif est d analyser, d'une part, des indices d'absorptions ou appropriations culturelles des enseignements de ces pratiques de lecture et, d'autre part, les entrelacements des enseignements relatifs ? l'oralit?, ? la lecture, ? l'?crit et ? la scolarisation. La th?se d?fendue est que l'histoire de la lecture ? Caic?, au XIX?me si?cle, est l'histoire de la lecture faite, entendue, murmur?e, r?p?t?e et, encore, m?moris?e, qui, soutenue par des textes de livres scolaires, religieux et la?ques, se convertissait dans la production de biens culturels sp?cifiques, comme des cartes, inventaires, rem?des hom?op?tiques et faits maison, testaments, pri?res fortes de cure, vers de cordel, parmi beaucoup d'autres. En commen?ant avec l'intention d ?crire une histoire de la lecture ? Caic?, au XIX?me si?cle, nous comprenons que les pratiques culturelles, sp?cialement les pratiques des coutumes seridoenses, sont, excessivement, le r?sultat des appropriations de lectures de textes scolaires, religieux et la?ques, stimulatrices d'autres pratiques de lectures intensives et extensives. Si la lecture faite, entendue, r?p?t?e, m?moris?e et reconnue est li?e ? des pratiques de coutumes universelles et locales, malgr? cela la force de l'oralit? aurait ?t? l ?l?ment essentiel de la reproduction et de la long?vit? de cette lecture, ainsi que de son passage du XIX?me si?cle au XX?me et, encore, des vestiges de certaines permanences de ce XXI?me si?cle. En partie, ce r?seau de pratiques culturelles, reproduit par la force de la transmission orale, persiste depuis l ?poque de nos arri?re-arri?re-grand-parents / A leitura que fizemos do livro Serid? − s?culo XIX (fazendas & livros), dos historiadores Medeiros Filho e Faria, foi o que sugeriu a escrita desta tese de doutorado. A leitura intensiva desse livro conduziu ao corpus documental da investiga??o (livros escolares, religiosos e laicos, cr?nica, discursos, documentos eclesi?sticos, invent?rios, testamentos, mem?rias de inf?ncia, mat?rias jornal?sticas, relat?rios) e tamb?m ao corpus do referencial te?rico-metodol?gico da hist?ria cultural da leitura, em concord?ncia com Roger Chartier e Robert Darnton. No rigor da escrita da tese, a investiga??o concernente ? tem?tica leitura e absor??es culturais conduziu-nos a definir como objeto de estudo as pr?ticas culturais apropriadas pertinentemente dos ensinamentos das leituras feitas, ouvidas, murmuradas, muitas vezes repetidas e memorizadas, de livros impressos escolares, religiosos e laicos que circulavam em Caic?, nos oitocentos. Em vista da leitura intensiva e da extensiva, o objetivo ? analisar, por um lado, ind?cios de absor??es ou apropria??es culturais dos ensinamentos daquelas pr?ticas de leitura e, por outro, os entrelaces dos ensinamentos relativos ? oralidade, ? leitura, ? escrita e ? escolariza??o. A tese defendida ? que a hist?ria da leitura em Caic?, no s?culo XIX, ? a hist?ria da leitura feita, ouvida, murmurada, repetida e, ainda, memorizada, que, apoiada sobre textos de livros escolares, religiosos e laicos, convertia-se na produ??o de bens culturais espec?ficos, como cartas, invent?rios, rem?dios homeop?ticos e caseiros, testamentos, rezas fortes de cura, versos de cordel, dentre muitos outros. Come?ando com o prop?sito de escrever uma hist?ria da leitura em Caic?, no s?culo XIX, alcan?amos o entendimento de que as pr?ticas culturais, especialmente as pr?ticas dos costumes seridoenses, s?o, sobremaneira, resultado das apropria??es de leituras de textos escolares, religiosos e laicos, incentivadoras de outras pr?ticas de leitura intensivas e extensivas. Se a leitura feita, ouvida, repetida, memorizada e reconhecida ? encadeadora de pr?ticas de costumes universais e locais, n?o obstante teria sido a for?a da oralidade a pedra de toque da reprodu??o e da longevidade dessa leitura, bem como de sua travessia do s?culo XIX para o XX e, ainda, dos resqu?cios de certas perman?ncias neste s?culo XXI. Em parte, essa rede de pr?ticas culturais, reproduzida pela for?a da transmiss?o oral, persiste desde os tempos de nossos trisav?s

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[ES] La presente investigación centra su estudio en el tándem en línea como una herramienta eficaz para el aprendizaje lingüístico y cultural entre hablantes de chino y español, en un contexto empresarial. El creciente interés por aprender español en China y chino en países hispanohablantes, motivado por el aumento de las relaciones comerciales y culturales entre estas regiones, ha impulsado la necesidad de desarrollar competencias comunicativas que respondan a las demandas del entorno profesional. La metodología de tándem en línea ofrece una opción accesible y eficiente para facilitar el aprendizaje de idiomas, permitiendo la interacción directa con hablantes nativos sin la necesidad de desplazarse, lo que la convierte en una herramienta cada vez más relevante en el contexto actual. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es diseñar una plataforma de intercambio lingüístico basada en el método tándem en línea, centrada en mejorar las habilidades comunicativas en un contexto empresarial. Para alcanzar este objetivo, la investigación se enfoca en conocer los pros y contras de la metodología, valorar la importancia de la tutoría en el proceso y desarrollar materiales didácticos que apoyen un intercambio efectivo tanto en lo lingüístico como en lo intercultural. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realiza un estudio teórico sobre la metodología tándem y el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras con fines específicos, así como una investigación práctica mediante la implementación de una experiencia piloto de tándem en línea entre hablantes de chino y español. Los datos se recopilan mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas y análisis de interacciones en sesiones de intercambio. Estos resultados se complementan con el uso del software MaxQDA para analizar las grabaciones de audio, lo que permite identificar patrones de uso del idioma en situaciones empresariales. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, mostrando que el tándem en línea es una metodología efectiva para mejorar la competencia lingüística y cultural en el contexto profesional. Además, se diseña una página web para facilitar futuros intercambios y proporcionar recursos educativos específicos para el aprendizaje de chino y español en un entorno empresarial. / [CA] Aquesta investigació se centra en el tàndem en línia com una eina eficaç per a l'aprenentatge lingüístic i cultural entre parlants de xinés i espanyol en un context empresarial. El creixent interès per aprendre espanyol a la Xina i xinés en països hispanoparlants, motivat per l'augment de les relacions comercials i culturals entre aquestes regions, ha impulsat la necessitat de desenvolupar competències comunicatives que responguen a les demandes del món professional. La metodologia de tàndem en línia ofereix una opció accessible i eficient per facilitar l'aprenentatge de llengües, permetent la interacció directa amb parlants natius sense necessitat de desplaçament, cosa que la converteix en una eina cada vegada més rellevant en el context actual. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta investigació és dissenyar una plataforma d'intercanvi lingüístic basada en el tàndem en línia, centrada en millorar les habilitats comunicatives en un context empresarial. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu, la investigació se centra a conéixer els pros i contres de la metodologia, valorar la importància de la tutorització en el procés i desenvolupar materials didàctics que recolzen un intercanvi efectiu tant en l'àmbit lingüístic com intercultural. Per a dur a terme aquesta investigació, es realitza un estudi teòric sobre la metodologia de tàndem i l'aprenentatge de llengües estrangeres amb finalitats específiques, així com una investigació pràctica mitjançant la implementació d'una experiència pilot de tàndem en línia entre parlants de xinés i espanyol. Les dades es recullen mitjançant qüestionaris, entrevistes i anàlisis d'interaccions en les sessions d'intercanvi. Aquests resultats es complementen amb l'ús del programari MaxQDA per analitzar les gravacions d'àudio, cosa que permet identificar patrons d'ús de la llengua en situacions empresarials. Finalment, es realitza una anàlisi qualitativa i quantitativa, mostrant que el tàndem en línia és una metodologia efectiva per millorar la competència lingüística i cultural en un context professional. A més, es dissenya una pàgina web per facilitar futurs intercanvis i proporcionar recursos educatius específics per a l'aprenentatge de xinés i espanyol en un entorn empresarial. / [EN] This research focuses on online tandem as an effective tool for linguistic and cultural learning between Chinese and Spanish speakers within a business context. The growing interest in learning Spanish in China and Chinese in Spanish-speaking countries, driven by the increasing commercial and cultural relations between these regions, has highlighted the need to develop communicative competencies that meet the demands of professional environments. The online tandem methodology offers an accessible and efficient option to facilitate language learning, enabling direct interaction with native speakers without the need for travel, thus becoming an increasingly relevant tool in today's context. The main objective of this research is to design a language exchange platform based on the online tandem method, aimed at enhancing communicative skills within a business context. To achieve this objective, the research focuses on understanding the pros and cons of the methodology, assessing the importance of tutoring in the process, and developing educational materials that support effective exchanges in both linguistic and intercultural aspects. To conduct this research, a theoretical study on tandem methodology and foreign language learning for specific purposes is undertaken, complemented by a practical investigation through the implementation of a pilot online tandem experience between Chinese and Spanish speakers. Data are collected through questionnaires, interviews, and analyses of interactions in exchange sessions. These results are further enhanced by using MaxQDA software to analyze audio recordings, allowing for the identification of language usage patterns in business situations. Finally, qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted, demonstrating that online tandem is an effective methodology for improving linguistic and cultural competence in professional contexts. Additionally, a website is designed to facilitate future exchanges and provide specific educational resources for learning Chinese and Spanish in a business environment. / Xiao, Q. (2024). El tándem en línea como herramienta de aprendizaje del chino y el español desde una perspectiva lingüística y cultural en el contexto empresarial [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/214336

BACKGROUND: Clinical facilities are essential components not only for health care delivery systems but also for health care education programs. The clinical learning environment is important in training the future workforce in healthcare. Respiratory therapy education programs face several issues with the need to prepare a proper learning environment in different clinical settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of respiratory therapy students on the learning environment of clinical facilities affiliated with a respiratory therapy program at an urban state university. METHODS: This study used an exploratory research design to evaluate the essential aspects of a clinical learning environment in respiratory therapy education. A self-reporting survey was utilized to gather data from 34 respiratory therapy students regarding their perception about the effectiveness of clinical facilities in respiratory therapy education. The researcher utilized The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale that was developed by Sarrikoski et al. (2008). The CLES+T evaluation scale was adapted and modified after a written agreement from the author. The survey included three main domains, which are the clinical learning environment (18 items), the supervision relationship (15 items), and the role of clinical instructors (9 items). Thirty-two students participated in the survey with a response rate of 94.1%. RESULTS: Responses included two groups of students: the second year undergraduate (68.8%) and graduate students (31.3%), with 75% being female participants. The results obtained from the study indicated that both graduate and undergraduate respiratory therapy students gave high mean scores to the learning environment of the clinical facilities, supervisory relationship and the roles of clinical instructors. A statistically significant data was obtained pertaining to the difference of perceptions regarding the multi-dimensional learning between the graduate and undergraduate students. The graduate students evaluated that “the learning situation are multi-dimensional” more than the undergraduate students (p = 0.03). Findings of this study showed that female students had higher ratings than male students in all evaluations of clinical facilities. However, only one dimension of leadership style stating that “the effort of individual employees was appreciated” was statistically significant (p=0.03). The results stating, the presence of a significant percentage of the students with lack of successful private supervision and high percentage of failed supervisory relationship, are in contrast with the fact that clinical learning plays a vital role in the respiratory therapy education. It is also contrasting that majority of the students experienced team supervision, which is against the philosophy and principles of individualization. CONCLUSION: Since respiratory therapy is a practice-based profession, it is essential to integrate clinical education to respiratory care education. Gender and education level may impact students’ perceptions about the learning environment of clinical facilities. This study provides information about areas for improvement in clinical facilities affiliated with a respiratory care education program at an urban university.

O controle da extrusão apical durante a reintervenção endodôntica é essencial para o sucesso do novo tratamento. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a quantidade de material sólido extruído na desobturação de canais radiculares variando-se a técnica de esvaziamento e o limite de obturação. Foram utilizados 40 incisivos inferiores previamente tratados divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o limite de obturação estabelecido. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos levando-se em conta a técnica de desobturação empregada; manual (subgrupos A1 e B1) e mecânico-rotatória com limas de Ni-Ti (Quantec LX) (subgrupos A2 e B2). O material sólido extruído foi coletado por meio do sistema de filtração Millipore, levado à secagem em dessecador de sílica e pesado em balança analítica de precisão. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA para dois fatores de variação sendo em seguida empregado o Teste de Tukey (&#945; = 5%). A técnica de desobturação mecânico-rotatória produziu menor extrusão (0,66mg) que a manual (1,11mg), havendo diferença estatística significante entre elas (p < 0,05). Os canais preenchidos até o vértice radiográfico apresentaram maior quantidade de extrusão (1,38mg) do que os obturados 1 mm aquém do forame (0,39mg), observando-se diferença estatística significante entre eles (p < 0,05). A menor quantidade extrusão foi observada no subgrupo A2 (0,20mg), em que foi empregada a técnica rotatória de desobturação em canais obturados 1mm aquém do forame apical, sendo constatada diferença estatisticamente significante deste subgrupo com os demais (p < 0,05). A extrusão de material sólido durante a desobturação de canais radiculares é influenciado pela técnica empregada e pelo limite apical de obturação. / The apical extrusion control during the endodontic retreatment is essential for the success of the new treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity of solid apically extruded material during filling removal according the gutta-percha removal technique and root filling limit. Forty mandibular incisors with a single straight canal were selected. The canals were previously endodontically treated and then divided into two groups according the filling level. Each group was subdivided in two groups considering the retreatment technique: stainless steel hand files (subgroups A1 and B1) versus niquel-titanium rotatory instruments (subgroups A2 and B2). The extruded solid material was collected by Millipore filtration system, dried in silica desiccators and weighed in an eletrobalance. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with two variation factors and Tukey Test (&#945; = 5%). The niquel-titanium rotatory instruments produced less extrusion (0,66mg) than the stainless steel hand files (1,11mg), with significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The canals filled until the radiographic apex showed larger amount of extruded material (1,38mg) than those filled 1 mm beyond the foramen (0,39mg). It was observed significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The smaller extruded debris amount was observed in subgroup A2 (0,20mg), in which one the rotary technique was used to remove the gutta-percha of canals filled 1mm beyond the apical foramen. It was verified significant statistical difference of this subgroup with the other ones (p < 0,05). The extrusion of solid material during the gutta-percha removal is influenced by the technique as well as the apical filling limit.