A positive relationship between physical motion and learning is widely acknowledged. However, few studies have investigated the potential effects of combining physical movement with second language learning. This review examines ten studies that combine physical activity with learning English as a second language (ESL), specifically focusing on vocabulary acquisition and learner motivation. Aspects of combining English with Physical education (PE) in a cross-curricular manner are also explored to investigate its applicability to the Swedish middle school context. Results indicate that classroom-based physical activity positively affects vocabulary learning and motivation among learners across a wide age span, both in Europe and across the world. Moreover, combining ESL with PE seems to improve learners´ motivation and language proficiency, without hindering the attainment of PE-related goals. Nonetheless, some findings provide varying results, indicating that supportive actions - such as pre-teaching vocabulary - may be needed. In conclusion, a physically oriented learning approach seems to work well in the context of curricular requirements in Sweden since cross-curricular tasks, daily physical activity, and efforts to encourage foreign language learning are described as necessary. Despite promising claims, further investigation in the area of physical language learning is still required.

This study will be potentially beneficial to teachers as it guides them on how they can work with important but often neglected aspects of the curricula by using the book Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley. My thesis statement is that goals from the core contents of English 7 and Social science 3 syllabuses are intertwined and have a connection to democratic values and, as I demonstrate in the analysis that follows, can be taught in connection by using Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) as a method and Frankenstein as the content from which this collaboration can be created. CLIL will be used to show teachers how they can work in connection to create joint lessons that address both syllabi's goals when teaching content from Frankenstein and how it can be connected to democratic values. Liberatory teaching is one of the methods which match well with teaching content from Frankenstein and democratic values, as it gives the students the autonomy they need to develop their absorptive habits and critical thinking skills. The key concepts that will be used to analyze the chosen content in Frankenstein are alienation, mechanisms of inclusion, and exclusion. The key concepts are transparent in the content taken from Frankenstein, as the book is very well suited for such research. The analysis is split into two parts that show how the key terms affect Victor and the monster. Content for the analysis is taken in chronological order and is comprised of several different scenes and passages from Frankenstein where the key terms are most transparent. The pedagogical discussion will show how a teacher can use the content showcased in the analysis to connect to different goals in the respective syllabi and how teaching can be connected to teaching democratic values from the upper secondary school curricula. Further, it will recommend how teachers can create teaching content and activities suited for the content in Frankenstein, depending on the lesson's goals. Teachers will also be recommended different approaches and methods when teaching content from Frankenstein and what they need to avoid and think about to make liberatory teaching effective in the classroom.

This study was an investigation of students’ explanations of disciplinary knowledge in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In recent years, an increased interest in teaching content subjects in a foreign language (FL) has brought a growing body of research on CLIL (e.g., Dalton-Puffer, 2007; Llinares, Morton, & Whittaker, 2012), which has yielded valuable insights into CLIL classroom discourse. However, there is a paucity of studies that examined the development of student discourse in CLIL settings because most of existing CLIL research draws on large-scale corpus data and cross-sectional data. Thus, I investigated the processes in which students engaged with disciplinary knowledge and discourse in this case study. The participants included 25 students enrolled in a 15-week content-based English course on sociolinguistics at a Japanese university and a teacher who taught the course. In the sociolinguistics course, the students conducted a group research project in which they carried out sequenced tasks: writing and revising a research proposal, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings in oral and written forms. Data were collected in the sociolinguistics course through class observations, video-recordings of the lessons, seven focal students’ group work and oral presentations, and interviews with the focal students and the teacher. Moreover, written reports by the focal students were collected. Informed by a sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition (SLA) (Atkinson, 2002; Atkinson, Churchill, Nishino, & Okada, 2007), a multimodal interaction analysis was conducted on explanations of disciplinary knowledge in the instructional and student discourses. Data analysis suggested that content knowledge was represented at various degrees of abstraction in the textbook and teacher explanations (e.g., specific examples, decontextualized propositional claims). Moreover, the teacher drew on multimodal resources including gestures, body movement, and slides to make dense academic knowledge accessible to the students. Regarding student discourse in group work, the focal students flexibly coordinated diverse semiotic resources including talk, written texts, and gestures, which enabled them to appropriate content knowledge and advance their discussion. In this process, their explanations of disciplinary knowledge tended to change from descriptive ones to complex ones. In the oral presentations, the students made the structure of their explanations explicit and represented disciplinary knowledge at various degrees of abstraction (e.g., specific linguistic behaviors, sociolinguistic interpretations). In the question and answer sessions that followed the oral presentations, the teacher interactionally provided feedback, which likely led some students to produce more discipline-appropriate explanations (e.g., elaborated content, increased precision). Although there was a variation among the students, the written reports exhibited the increased use of metadiscourse markers including hedges, which likely resulted in careful explanations of propositional knowledge. These findings suggest that diverse discursive contexts afforded by sequenced tasks and access to varied semiotic resources can facilitate the appropriation of content knowledge by students and support the formulation of context-specific and discipline-appropriate explanations. / Teaching & Learning

[EN] SUMMARY Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) language teaching methodological approach stems from a shared effort to create a multilingual, equalitarian and integrated European Community. This thesis explores the educative context of the Valencian Region in Secondary Education from different perspectives: its implementation, the results obtained in control and experimental groups and the opinion of students and teachers who have been involved in CLIL application for several years. After the analysis of these aspects, a proposal for the improvement of the current situation which takes into account the needs of those involved will be presented. After researching the different CLIL European models and examining the results obtained from student and teacher surveys, a proposal for the effective operationalisation of this approach that can be adapted to our context will be presented, taking into consideration the significant change that this proposal would mean in relation to the current educational system. The main components of the proposal are: Gradual introduction in Primary and Secondary stages. Policies to guarantee continuity. If specific subjects have been chosen in Primary Education, it would be recommended - though not necessary - to continue them through the L2 in Secondary Education. Complete involvement and commitment of educational centres and teaching staff. Balaned teaching of non-linguistic subjects in three languages: English, Valencian and Spanish. This thesis presents a pilot proposal that originates from a deep analysis, and that means radical changes. Amongst them, investment in resources, teacher commitment, creation of new academic departments and new roles within them. We hope that educational authorities will take an interest in assessing its feasibility in the future. Key words: CLIL, Secondary Education and pilot proposal / [ES] RESUMEN El enfoque metodológico para la enseñanza de idiomas Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) proviene de un esfuerzo compartido por crear una Comunidad europea plurilingüe, igualitaria e integrada. Este estudio plantea acercarse al contexto educativo de la Comunidad Valenciana en Educación Secundaria desde diferentes aspectos: su implementación, los resultados obtenidos en grupos de control y experimentales, la opinión de alumnos y profesores tras la experiencia de varios años académicos para, tras su análisis, confluir en una propuesta piloto para que dicha comunidad mejore la situación actual y tenga en cuenta sus necesidades acordes a nuestro siglo. Tras investigar los distintos modelos europeos de Content and Language Integrated Learning y los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas del profesorado y del alumnado, presentamos una propuesta para la implementación efectiva de este enfoque que se adapta a nuestra realidad, conscientes del cambio significativo que supone respecto al actual sistema educativo. Sus componentes esenciales son: Introducción gradual en los distintos cursos de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Continuidad de este proyecto que garantice su efectividad. Si se han escogido unas asignaturas determinadas en Educación Primaria sería deseable, aunque no imprescindible, continuarlas a través de la L2 en Educación Secundaria. La implicación total y disponibilidad del centro educativo y del equipo docente. Las materias no lingüísticas se imparten proporcionalmente en los tres idiomas: inglés, valenciano y castellano. Se trata de una propuesta piloto que nace de una profunda reflexión que significa grandes cambios, requiere invertir en recursos, disponibilidad docente, creación de nuevos departamentos y nuevas figuras. No dudamos de la conveniencia de que las autoridades educativas experimenten esta propuesta para verificar su idoneidad. / [CA] RESUM L'enfoc metodològic per a l'ensenyança d'idiomes Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), prové de l'esforç compartit per crear una Comunitat Europea plurilingüe, igualitària i integrada. Aquest estudi planteja apropar-se al context educatiu de la Comunitat Valenciana a l'Educació Secundària des de diferents aspectes: la seua implementació, els resultats obtinguts en grups de control i experimentals, l'opinió d'alumnes i professors darrere l'experiència de alguns anys acadèmics per, desprès del seu anàlisi, confluir en una resposta pilot per a que dita comunitat millore la situaciò actual i tinga en compte les seues necessitats acords al nostre segle. Després d'investigar els distints models europeus de Content and Language Integrated Learning i els resultats obtinguts de les enquestes del professorat i de l' alumnat, presentem una proposta per a la implementació efectiva d'aquest enfoc que s'adapta a la nostra realitat, conscients del canvi significatiu que suposa respecte al actual sistema educatiu. Els seus components essencials són: Introducció gradual als distints cursos d'Educació Primària i Secundària Continuïtat d'aquest projecte que garantixca la seua efectivitat. Si s'han escollit unes asignatures determinades a l'Educació Primària sería desitjable, encara que no imprescindible, continuar-les mitjançant la L2 a l'Educació Secundària. La implicació total i la disponibilitat del centre educatiu i del equip docent. Les matèries no lingüístiques s'impartixen proporcionalment en els tres idiomes: anglés, valencià i castellà. Es tracta d'una proposta pilot que neix d'una profunda reflexió que significa grans canvis, requerix invertir en recursos, disponibilitat docent, creació de nous departaments i noves figures. No dubtem de la conveniència de que les autoritats educatives experimenten esta proposta per a verificar la seua idoneïtat. Paraules clau: CLIL, Educació Secundària i proposta pilot / Warburton Labrador, S. (2016). Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras en Educación Secundaria: propuesta piloto para su implementación en la Comunidad Valenciana [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61481

Questa tesi è il risultato di uno studio sul CLIL e le nuove tecnologie per la didattica nato da un insieme di fattori: il desiderio di investigare l’uso delle nuove tecnologie a scuola, considerando le possibili implicazioni, e il bisogno di migliorare la qualità dell’apprendimento linguistico attraverso la creazione di nuovi stimoli per gli studenti. Tale studio è costituito da una parte teorica e una pratica di ricerca sul campo in cui si sono presi in considerazione diversi gradi di scuola e anche corsi universitari. La ricerca ha dimostrato l’influenza positiva delle nuove tecnologie come valore aggiunto al CLIL e ha riconosciuto il ruolo chiave dell’insegnante in questo tipo di approccio bifocale. / This thesis is the result of a research study in CLIL and Technologies that arose from the combination of different factors: the desire of investigate the implementation of new technologies at school, considering the possible implication, and the need to improve the quality of language learning giving new stimuli to the students. It is based on a theoretical study and an action research which investigated different school levels and university courses. The research proved the positive stimulus of new technologies as value-added to CLIL and recognised the key role of the teacher in such a double-focus approach.

TITLE: CLIL Implementation Into Primary School Teaching AUTHOR: PhDr. Petra Vallin DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary School Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University SUPERVISOR: Prof. PhDr. Vladimíra Spilková, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) which the European Union finds as a useful tool for teaching foreign languages in the 21st century. The objective of the theoretical part is to clarify the concept of CLIL and compare different interpretations and models which appears in school practice. We also focus on meta-analysis of research studies that have been undertaken in this area since 2005. The theoretical part provides insight into the history of CLIL in selected European countries including the Czech Republic. The first part concludes with a chapter on theoretical concepts which CLIL refers to and which are essential for implementation of CLIL. The aim of the empirical part is to implement CLIL into primary school teaching and describe what changes this innovation brings into practice. The empirical part is based on action research methodology which enable our active participation in the project of CLIL implementation. The main findings concerns the changes of the communication in the CLIL classroom. The results also shows that CLIL...

Teachers play an important role in teaching English as a second language. Since many studies of students’ attitudes towards leaning English already exist this study aims to compensate the lack of studies examining teachers’ attitudes towards methods of teaching English as a foreign language. The main focus of the study is on Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The definition and effects of CLIL are presented and discussed as well as pedagogical implications about teaching English as a foreign language. Via an online survey questionnaire, this study examines the attitude towards CLIL of ninety-seven teachers in the Swedish primary school’s preschool class to grade three. Findings of this study implicate that teachers in general have a positive attitude towards a content integrated approach to teaching English as a foreign language. Finally, suggestions for future research are presented.

This diploma thesis deals with the teaching of mathematics in Italian language in the bilingual Italian-Czech section of Grammar School Ústavní in Prague, the Czech Republic, where I have been teaching since 2012. The main aim of this work is to analyse and systematize the positives and negatives of the bilingual teaching of mathematics in this environment. The most important problems and challenges, a teacher has to deal with while teaching mathematics in Italian, the language different from pupils' mother tongue, are introduced in this work. All the used and illustrating examples are based on my own practical training of an Italian Math teacher and are taken within one school year. Moreover, these examples are supported by my own problem solving options. The thesis also contains reflections about results of the bilingual teaching of mathematics both in mathematical and linguistic terms. Theoretical part deals with a general description of bilingualism, bilingual teaching of mathematics, and bilingual Grammar School Ústavní. Practical part describes not only the main differences between curriculums, textbooks, and mathematical assessments in Italy and the Czech Republic but also the course of school year 2016/2017 in classes 3.C and 4.C. The description is based on both the analysis of lessons of...

One of the methods for collecting data in psychology is a method of semantic differential. The using of semantic differential is very large, this method is widely used in personality research, clinical psychology, market psychology and marketing. In recent years, this method has begun to apply to the area of educational research, above all educational psychology. A basic problem with wide using is the huge volume of data obtained by this method. Some of the options of setting up of a questionnaire with light to the selection of bipolar adjectives are listed in the thesis. The options represent the evaluation dimension, the dimension of activity and potency in terms of both representativeness and relevance. A set of tools for automatized generation of various combinations of questionnaire groups was created. A technical support of data collection, their evaluation and visualization using semantic differential method was also created. These methods will be used in realization of the project of introducing teaching of mathematic in English language at primary schools. The primary goal of this level of analysis is to judge to what extent can two terms (or more terms), generally regarded as semantically similar or different.

English CLIL-instruction in Sweden is supposed to be beneficial to students who want to improve their academic English vocabulary proficiency in preparation for studies or employment abroad. However, recent research shows that there is no difference in academic English proficiency between students in upper secondary school CLIL-programs and students in regular upper secondary schools in Sweden. Furthermore, educational researchers question if CLIL-programs in Sweden qualify to be defined as CLIL-instruction since Swedish translanguaging is extensively used which does not make the programs 100% Englishmedium instruction. Through teacher observations and questionnaires, this study investigates the classroom practices at a CLIL-program in Sweden in addition to ask the CLIL-teachers about their teaching strategies in regards to promoting students’ acquisition, development, and use of academic English. The findings include that the classroom practices are in accordance with practices considered beneficial to students’ proficiency in academi c English by numerous previous studies. In addition, all the teachers questioned in this study purposely work to support and develop students’ academic language proficiency in their respective subject areas and across the curriculum. The study also found four possible factors that perhaps can undermine the acquisition, development and use of academic English vocabulary and those include the following: First, the teachers believe that the students are already sufficiently fluent in academic English, and thus concentrate more on content than on language in their instruction. Secondly, extensive translanguaging in the classroom is common in addition to the students’ habit of speaking Swedish to each other in stude nt-tostudent communication. Thirdly, the students do not receive the corresponding level of education in their native language of Swedish as they do in English, which can have detrimental effects on their abilities to develop their English past their Swedish language abilities. Finally, classroom practices that are not inclusive of all students can work to undermine the acquisition and use of academic English vocabulary.