Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamaraFLG_DISSERT_Parcial.pdf: 514844 bytes, checksum: d16ddfb7e1a5d90206d072660fcd0689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31 / Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing numerous medical conditions, besides is associated with shortened life span. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in adult overweight and obese subjects residents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology was the analysis of certain biochemical parameters in serum of individuals and a physical evaluation that consisted of measurements of blood pressure and anthropometric data. In addition, the volunteers of the research answered a questionnaire about personal, social and clinical data. 1741 samples were collected, of which 432 (24,8%) were obese. Of these, 280 were selected to participate in the study, including 118 (42,1%) men and 162 (57,9%) women. Of the remaining 1309 individuals, 731 (55,8%) were overweight. Among them, 179 (24.5%) were analyzed in this study, with 56,4% female. Of the remaining 578 normal individuals, 143 were selected as controls in the research. Amid the obese, overweight and eutrophic, there were respectively 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% of diabetics, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% of dyslipidemics and 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% of hypertensive patients. The degree of obesity presented by the participants was varied, with the majority (72,8%) fall into grade I obese, 22,9% (64) in grade II and only 4,3% (12) in grade III. Mean anthropometric participants showed statistically significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese on the BMI, WC, WHR and %BF and between sexes in CC, WHR and %BF. As the mean serum biochemical parameters to evaluate the lipid profile showed significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese, unless the exception of HDL among overweight and obese. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05) / O sobrepeso e a obesidade s?o definidos como o ac?mulo de gordura anormal ou excessivo que possa causar danos ? sa?de, aumentando expressivamente o risco de desenvolvimento de numerosas patologias, al?m de estarem associados ? diminui??o da expectativa de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? avaliar as medidas antropom?tricas e o perfil lip?dico de indiv?duos adultos obesos e com sobrepeso residentes no Estado do RN. A metodologia adotada foi a an?lise de par?metros bioqu?micos determinados no soro dos volunt?rios e uma avalia??o f?sica que constou de medi??es de press?o arterial e dados antropom?tricos. Os volunt?rios da pesquisa ainda responderam a um question?rio sobre dados pessoais, sociais e cl?nicos. Foram coletadas 1741 amostras, das quais 432 (24,8%) eram de obesos. Destes, 280 foram selecionados para participar da pesquisa, entre eles 118 (42,1%) homens e 162 mulheres (57,9%). Dos 1309 volunt?rios restantes, 731 (55,8%) apresentaram sobrepeso. Dentre eles, 179 (24,5%) foram analisados nesta pesquisa sendo 56,4% do g?nero feminino. Dos 578 volunt?rios eutr?ficos remanescentes, 143 foram selecionados como controle da pesquisa. Em meio aos obesos, sobrepesos e eutr?ficos, havia, respectivamente, 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% de diab?ticos, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% de dislipid?micos e 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% de hipertensos. O grau de obesidade apresentado pelos volunt?rios foi variado, com a maioria (72,8%; n = 204) se encaixando em obesos grau I, 22,9% (64) em grau II e apenas 4,3% (12) em grau III. As m?dias antropom?tricas dos volunt?rios indicaram diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos eutr?fico, sobrepeso e obeso quanto ao IMC, CC, RCQ e %GC, e entre os g?neros quanto a CC, RCQ e %GC. Assim como as m?dias dos par?metros bioqu?micos s?ricos que avaliam o perfil lip?dico indicaram diferen?as significativas entre os grupos eutr?fico, sobrepeso e obeso, salvo exce??o do HDL entre os sobrepesos e obesos. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoCV_DISSERT.pdf: 2201581 bytes, checksum: a5ed04f6ae5794f328192fe513bdf03f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease in which malignant myeloblasts expand, build up and suppress normal hematopoietic activity would represent a major diagnostic challenge. With the advent of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, the diagnosis of these tumors have become more faithful, facilitating the treatment and monitoring of patients. The objectives of this study: diagnosis and classification of AML based on immunophenotyping by flow cytometry with a panel of AcMo specific for acute leukemias, set the frequency of AML in samples from patients with acute leukemias sent to the Department of Hematology Blood Center of Rio Grande do Norte - HEMONORTE, establish standards of antigen expression for different subtypes of acute leukemia and its correlation with the newly diagnosed cases refractory to treatment and recurrence of the disease, standardization of methods for detection and labeling of surface antigens by flow cytometry and intracytoplasmic flow, and observe the frequency of acute leukemia with aberrant phenotypes rare. During the study, 351 were diagnosed acute leukemia, and 179 (51%) classified as AML and 172 (49%) and ALL, which were excluded from the present work. Of the 179 AML, 92 (51.4%) were female and 87 (48.6%) were male, with ages ranging from 3 to 95 years of ag, with higher incidence in individuals in the age group of 41 to 65. Splenomegaly was the clinical finding more present, a total of 147 cases (82.1%), followed by hepatomegaly present in 132 cases (73.7%). The hemorrhagic events were observed in 55 cases (30.7%). Lymphadenopathy in turn was detected in 20 of 179 cases (11.2%). In order to classify subtypes of AML, we used a large panel of monoclonal antibodies, obtaining the following results: AML M0, 02 (1.1%) AML M1, 40 (22.3) AML M2, 60 (33.5) AML M3, 22 (12.3%) AML M4, 10 (5.6) AML M5, 13 (7.3%) AML M6 06 (3.4%) and AML M7 01 (0.6%). We observed some cases with aberrant expression of some antigens such as CD7, CD4, CD19, CD3, CD5 and TdT, CD 7 was present in 30 (16.8%), CD4 in 5 (2.8%), the CD 3 in 5 (2.8%), the CD19 in 3 (1.7%), the CD5 in 3 (1.7%) and TDT was in 7 (3.9%) cases of AML .the CD8 and CD79a was present in only a 1 case. / A Leucemia Miel?ide Aguda (LMA) ? uma doen?a maligna em que os mieloblastos expandem-se, acumulam-se e suprimem a atividade hematopo?tica normal, constituindo um grande desafio diagn?stico. Com o advento da imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo, o diagn?stico dessas neoplasias se tornaram mais fi?is, facilitando o tratamento e o acompanhamento dos pacientes. Foram objetivos deste estudo: diagnosticar e classificar as LMA com base na imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo, com um painel de AcMo espec?fico para leucemias agudas; estabelecer a frequ?ncia de LMA nas amostras de pacientes com leucemias agudas encaminhadas ao Departamento de Hematologia do Hemocentro do Rio Grande do Norte HEMONORTE; estabelecer padr?es de express?o antig?nica para os diversos subtipos de leucemias agudas e a sua correla??o com os casos rec?m diagnosticados, refrat?rios ao tratamento e recorr?ncia da doen?a; padroniza??o dos m?todos de detec??o e marca??o de ant?genos de superf?cie e intracitoplasm?tico por citometria de fluxo; e observar a freq??ncia de leucemias agudas com fen?tipos aberrantes raros. Durante o estudo, foram diagnosticados 351 leucemias agudas, sendo 179 (51%) classificadas como LMA e 172 (49%) como LLA, as quais foram exclu?das do presente trabalho. Das 179 LMA, 92 (51,4%) eram do sexo feminino e 87 (48,6%) do sexo masculino, com faixa et?ria variando de 3 a 95 anos de idade, com maior incid?ncia em indiv?duos na faixa et?ria de 41 a 65 anos. A esplenomegalia foi o achado cl?nico mais presente, perfazendo um total de 147 casos (82,1%), seguida da hepatomegalia presente em 132 casos (73,7%). Os fen?menos hemorragicos foram observado em 55 casos ( 30,7%). A linfoadenopatia por sua vez foi constatada em 20 dos 179 casos (11,2%). Para classifica??o dos subtipos de LMA foi utilizado um painel amplo de anticorpos monoclonais, obtendo os seguintes resultados: LMA M0, 02 (1.1%) LMA M1, 40 (22.3) LMA M2, 60 (33.5) LMA M3, 22 (12.3%) LMA M4, 10 (5.6) LMA M5, 13 (7.3%) LMA M6 06 (3.4%) e LMA M7 01 (0.6%). Foram observados alguns casos com express?o aberrante de alguns ant?genos tais como CD7, CD4, CD19, CD3, CD5 e TdT, O CD7 esteve presente em 30 (16,8%) , o CD4 em 5 (2,8%), o CD 3 em 5 (2,8%), o CD19 em 3 (1,7%), o CD5 em 3 (1,7%) e o TDT esteve em 7 (3,9%) casos de LMA diagnosticados.O CD8 e o CD79a esteve presente em apenas um 1 caso.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirelyFP_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 786643 bytes, checksum: 4acab041106a30bcf7d8494f27443eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The main aim of this study was to compare the procedure for dehydration of Gracilaria birdiae prepared handmade and laboratory, collected in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The sample was collected in the Rio do Fogo beach in march 2009. The sample collected followed by two processing, the first the material prepared in laboratory was air-dried at 50?C for 24 hours in air-flow oven. The second the handmade sample was air-dried on the sun during three days. The extract was prepared in three different solvents: ethanol, hydroethanol and water, resulting in ethanol, hidroethanol and aqueous extracts from handmade and laboratory sample. In according with results only the ethanol extract was fractionated yielding the fractions hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The different process to obtain Gracilaria birdiae resulted in the samples with different shades. The soluble solids content was higher in the laboratory sample. The chemical composition the both samples were characterized by presenting a considerable amounts of carbohydrates, with amior percentage protein and ash, respectively, in the handmade and laboratory sample. In two samples showed a low content of lipids and the lipid profile showed a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, with the absence polyunsaturated handmade sample. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins the laboratory sample, presenting a greater diversity of bioactive compounds. Through of the analysis by thin layer chromatography was possible to identify the phytosterols ?-sitosterol and stigmasterol the both samples, also suggest the presence of ?-carotene and chlorophyll ? the laboratory sample. The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were more significant in the ethanol extract of the laboratory sample. The in vitro lethality showed that extracts of the laboratory sample and handmade from 125 to 500 ?g/ mL, respectively, were highly lethal. In the evaluation of antioxidant capacity by the system ?-carotene/?cido linoleic method and by DPPH radical scavernging assay, the ethanol extract from the laboratory process showed significantly greater activity than the other extracts, being and the first and second methods, respectively, lower and equivalent to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The handmade ethanol extract has not demonstrated skill in deactivating free radicals, but showed activity in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, although the values were significantly lower than the laboratory sample. We conclude that the dehydration process in the laboratory is the most efficient technique to maintenance of the chemical composition present in the seaweed, providing beneficial properties such as antioxidant capacity. We emphasize that this property can be explored with the objective of adding commercial value to the final product, which will promote the expansion of production of this seaweed in the community of Rio do Fogo / O presente estudo tem como finalidade analisar de forma comparativa o procedimento de desidrata??o de Gracilaria birdiae beneficiada laboratorialmente e artesanalmente, cultivada no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Norte. A coleta das amostras foi realizada na praia do Rio do Fogo em mar?o de 2009. Das amostras coletadas seguiram-se dois processamentos, no primeiro o material coletado foi mantido em estufa de ar circulante a 50?C, por 24 horas sendo obtida a amostra laboratorial. No segundo a amostra artesanal foi desidrata??o ao sol por um per?odo de tr?s dias. A extra??o consistiu em solu??es etan?lica, hidroetan?lica e aquosa, resultando em extrato etan?lico, hidroetan?lico e aquoso. De acordo com os resultados o extrato etan?lico foi fracionamento obtendo as fra??es hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. As distintas formas de processamento da Gracilaria birdiae promoveram a obten??o de amostras com tonalidades distintas. Quanto ao teor de s?lidos sol?veis a amostra laboratorial apresentou superioridade. A composi??o centesimal de ambas as amostras caracterizaram-se por apresentar um consider?vel teor de carboidratos, com maior percentual de res?duo mineral e prote?nas, respectivamente, na amostra laboratorial e artesanal. As duas amostras apresentaram um baixo conte?do de lip?deos e um perfil lip?dico caracterizado por uma maior propor??o de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados, com aus?ncia de poliinsaturados na amostra artesanal. A triagem fitoqu?mica evidenciou a presen?a de flavon?ides, taninos, saponinas e alcal?ides na amostra laboratorial, apresentando uma maior diversidade de compostos bioativos. Por meio da cromatografia em camada delgada foi poss?vel identificar os fitoester?is ?-sitosterol e stigmasterol em ambas as amostras, al?m de sugerir a presen?a do ?-caroteno e da clorofila ? na amostra laboratorial. Os teores de compostos fen?licos totais e caroten?ides totais foram mais expressivos no extrato etan?lico da amostra laboratorial. A letalidade in vitro, demonstrou que os extratos etan?licos da amostra laboratorial e artesanal a partir de 500 e 125 ?g/mL, respectivamente, foram altamente letais. Na avalia??o da capacidade antioxidante pelo sistema ?- caroteno/?cido linol?ico e pelo m?todo de sequestro do radical livre DPPH , o extrato etan?lico proveniente do processo laboratorial apresentou atividade significativamente maior que os demais extratos, sendo no primeiro e segundo m?todo, respectivamente, inferior e equivalente ao antioxidante sint?tico BHT. O extrato etan?lico proveniente do processo artesanal n?o demonstrou habilidade na desativa??o de radicais livres, mas apresentou atividade na inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica, por?m com valores significativamente inferiores a amostra laboratorial. Conclui-se que o processo de desidrata??o em laborat?rio ? a t?cnica mais eficiente, por supostamente promover a manuten??o dos compostos qu?micos presentes na alga marinha, proporcionando propriedades ben?ficas como a capacidade antioxidante. Ressalta-se que esta propriedade pode ser explorada com o intuito de agregar valor comercial ao produto final, o que promover? a expans?o da produ??o desta alga na comunidade do Rio do Fogo / 2020-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaGD_DISSERT.pdf: 1350118 bytes, checksum: 5e25fd552ff8be29e71b6c0ae2fa383c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Despite Candida species are often human commensals isolated from various oral sites such as: tongue, cheek and palatal mucosa plus subgingival region, there are some properties linked to the organism commonly known as virulence factors which confer them the ability to produce disease. Oral candidiasis is one of the main oral manifestations reported in literature related to kidney transplant patients. The objectives of the present study were to identify and investigate virulence factors of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients admitted at the Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes, in Natal RN. Seventy Candida species isolated from 111 kidney transplant recipients were investigated in this study. Identification of the isolates was performed by using the evidence of germ tube formation, hypertonic broth, tolerance to grow at 42?C, micromorphology and biochemical profiles. We observed a high rate of isolation of yeasts from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients (63.1%) being C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 14.4% of transplant recipients. We evaluated virulence properties of the isolates regarding to: biofilm formation on polystyrene microplates as well as XTT reduction, adherence to acrylic resin and human buccal epithelial cells and proteinase activity. Most isolates were able to form biofilm by the method of adhesion to polystyrene. All isolates of Candida spp. remained viable during biofilm formation when analyzed by the method of XTT reduction. The number of CFU attached to the acrylic resin suggested high adherence for C. parapsilosis. C. albicans isolates showed higher median adherence to human buccal epithelial cells than non-C. albicans Candida isolates. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. C. dubliniensis showed low ability to adhere to plastic and epithelial cells and biofilm formation. Proteolytic activity was observed for all the isolates investigated, including the unique isolate of C. dubliniensis. There was a statistically significant association between proteinase production and the presence of oral candidiasis. Studies related to oral candidiasis in renal transplant recipients are limited to clinical and epidemiological data, but investigations concerning Candida spp. virulence factor for this group of individuals are still scarce. We emphasize the importance of studies related to virulence factors of yeasts isolated from this population to contribute to the knowledge of microbiological aspects of oral candidiasis / Apesar das leveduras do g?nero Candida serem frequentemente comensais humanos, isoladas de diferentes s?tios orais, incluindo l?ngua, mucosa jugal, mucosa palatal e regi?o subgengival, existem algumas propriedades ligadas a Candida spp., comumente denominadas fatores de virul?ncia, que lhes conferem a capacidade de produzir doen?a. Candid?ase bucal ? uma das principais manifesta??es orais citadas na literatura em rela??o aos pacientes transplantados renais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar identifica??o e avaliar os fatores de virul?ncia de leveduras isoladas da cavidade bucal de receptores de transplante renal que s?o acompanhados no Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes, na cidade do Natal RN. Foram utilizadas 70 leveduras do g?nero Candida isoladas de 111 receptores de transplante renal. A identifica??o dos isolados foi realizada atrav?s das provas de forma??o de tubo germinativo, caldo hipert?nico, toler?ncia ? temperatura de 42?C, an?lise da micromorfologia e perfil bioqu?mico das leveduras. Observamos elevado ?ndice de isolamento de leveduras na cavidade bucal dos receptores de transplante renal (63,1%), havendo predom?nio de C. albicans. Candid?ase bucal foi diagnosticada em 14,4% dos transplantados. Avaliou-se o potencial de virul?ncia das leveduras atrav?s da forma??o de biofilme pelo m?todo de ader?ncia a microplaca de poliestireno, redu??o do XTT, habilidade de ader?ncia a corpos de prova de resina acr?lica e a c?lulas epiteliais bucais, bem como atividade de proteinase. A maioria dos isolados foi capaz de produzir biofilme pelo m?todo de ader?ncia ao poliestireno, determinada atrav?s de leitura em espectrofot?metro. Todos os isolados de Candida spp. permaneceram vi?veis durante a forma??o do biofilme pelo m?todo da redu??o do XTT. A contagem do n?mero de UFC aderidas ao corpo de prova demonstrou alta capacidade de ader?ncia de C. parapsilosis. Os isolados de C. albicans apresentaram maior mediana de ades?o ? c?lula epitelial bucal humana do que os isolados de C. n?o-C. albicans, contudo essa diferen?a n?o foi estatisticamente significativa. C. dubliniensis apresentou baixa capacidade de ader?ncia ao pl?stico e c?lulas epiteliais e forma??o do biofilme. Observamos atividade proteol?tica em todos os isolados pesquisados, inclusive o isolado de C. dubliniensis, e associa??o estatisticamente significativa entre a produ??o de proteinase e a presen?a de candid?ase bucal. Estudos relacionados ? candid?ase bucal em receptores de transplante renal limitam-se ? investiga??o de aspectos cl?nicos e epidemiol?gicos, n?o havendo dados concernentes a fatores de virul?ncia. Ressaltamos a import?ncia da realiza??o de estudos relacionados aos fatores de virul?ncia de leveduras isoladas nessa popula??o, a fim de que se aprofunde o conhecimento dos aspectos microbiol?gicos da candid?ase bucal / 2020-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoPFN_DISSERT.pdf: 3112782 bytes, checksum: 175f8b00518f556ca96ea9b6dd10eeb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / Bone is a dynamic tissue that is in constant process of remodeling in response to mechanical stress and hormonal changes. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the biochemical changes, which women in the menopausal transition are subject to, and how the use of an alternative therapy with lipoic acid (LA) could influence these changes. The study of double-blind, was carried out in perimenopausal women that underwent a three month treatment with 600 mg of AL compared with another group that received placebo during the same period. This study showed that women had a waist circunference and body mass index above the values recommended by WHO (WC &#8805; 80 cm; BMI > 25kg/m2). Associated with this, these women had increased concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and borderline LDL (Total Cholesterol > 200mg/dL; Triglycerides > 150mg/dL; LDL >130mg/dL). These changes were not affected by treatment with AL. There were no shifts in liver profile (ALT, AST and GGT), kidney profile (urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin), mineral profile (Total Calcium, Ionized Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium) as well in bone markers (osteocalcin, Total Alkaline Phosphatase and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase) after treatment with LA. The results of the oxidative profile showed that treatment with LA decreased GPx activity (p < 0,01), while for the TBARS, GSH and SOD activity there were no differences. With regard to SOD, this enzyme will submit to be high in the placebo group after 3 months of study (p<0,05). The expression of RANKL mRNA was reduced (p < 0,05) and of RANK increased (p <0.001), after treatment with LA, while the expression of IL-6 and TNF-&#593; genes were no changed. We conclude that women already in the perimenopause stage have changes in lipid profile and body composition that could induce shifts in oxidative and bone metabolism. However, LA treatment has provided an effective effect in the oxidative and bone profile since the earliest markers such as GPx activity and mRNA expression of RANKL, respectively, were reduced associated with no change in SOD activity. These results suggest a beneficial and protective effect of LA, indicating it potential as an alternative treatment to help the to prevent the complications associated with estrogen deficiency / O osso ? um tecido din?mico que est? em constante processo de remodela??o em resposta ao estresse mec?nico e mudan?as hormonais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo entender a rela??o entre as altera??es bioqu?micas, oxidativas e moleculares em mulheres em transi??o menopausal e a influ?ncia do uso do ?cido lipoico (AL) nessas altera??es. O estudo do tipo duplo-cego, foi realizado com mulheres em perimenopausa submetidas ? um tratamento de 3 meses com 600 mg de AL administrados por via oral em duas doses di?rias, comparadas com um outro grupo que recebeu placebo durante o mesmo per?odo. O presente trabalho mostrou que as mulheres apresentaram uma circunfer?ncia de cintura (CC) e um ?ndice de massa corporal, em m?dia, acima dos valores preconizados pela OMS (CC &#8805; 80 cm; IMC > 25kg/m2). Al?m disso, essas mulheres apresentaram aumento nas concentra??es de colesterol total e triglicer?deos, al?m de valores de LDL pr?ximos do lim?trofe (Colesterol Total > 200mg/dL; Triglicer?deos > 150mg/dL; LDL >130mg/dL). Essas altera??es n?o sofreram influ?ncia do tratamento com AL. N?o foram encontradas altera??es no perfil hep?tico (ALT, AST e GGT) e renal (Ur?ia, Creatinina, Prote?nas Totais e Albumina) das mulheres ap?s o tratamento com AL, bem como no perfil mineral (C?lcio Total, C?lcio Ionizado, F?sforo e Magn?sio) e ?sseo (Osteocalcina, Fosfatase Alcalina Total e Fosfatase ?cida Tartarato Resistente). Os resultados do perfil oxidativo mostraram que o tratamento com AL diminuiu a atividade da enzim?tica da Glutationa Peroxidase (GPx) (p <0,01), enquanto para os par?metros Subst?ncias Reativas ao ?cido Tiobarbit?ricos (SRAT s), Glutationa Reduzida (GSH) e Super?xido Dismutase (SOD) n?o houve diferen?as. A SOD apesentou-se elevada no grupo placebo ap?s os 3 meses de estudo (p<0,05). A express?o do mRNA do RANKL em leuc?citos totais mostrou-se diminu?da (p < 0,05) e do RANK aumentada (p<0,001), ap?s o tratamento com AL, enquanto a express?o dos genes IL-6 e TNF-&#593; n?o apresentou altera??o. Podemos concluir que as mulheres em est?gio de perimenopausa, inicial de defici?ncia estrog?nica, apresentam altera??o no perfil lip?dico e composi??o corporal, e que essas altera??es poderiam estar induzindo altera??es no perfil oxidativo e do metabolismo ?sseo. Entretanto, o tratamento com AL se mostrou eficaz para o perfil oxidativo, bem como ?sseo j? que marcadores precoces como a atividade da GPx e a express?o do mRNA do RANKL, respectivamente, foram reduzidos associada a n?o altera??o na atividade da SOD. Estes resultados sugerem o efeito ben?fico e protetor do AL, indicando-o como uma alternativa para tratamento auxiliar nas complica??es associadas ? defici?ncia estrog?nica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MargareteMA_DISSERT.pdf: 2404421 bytes, checksum: ab50d77fe2623a656273511b601f292f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Praziquantel (PRZ) is the main drug used for treatment of schistosomiasis in Brazil. It is administered by oral rout as tablets. However, has low aqueous solubility which limits this therapeutic success dosage form and availability of liquid forms. The emulsion systems have great potential and represent an interesting strategy to increase the solubility of drugs. The aim of study was the development and characterization of lipid-emulsified liquid systems of the type oil in water (O / W), the base of soybean oil as the internal phase stabilized by surfactants pair Tween? 80 and Span? 80, for improving the phase biopharmaceutical of PRZ. After selecting the best value of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB = 11), the parameters of the preparation of the formulations were optimized emulsification technique. The emulsions were successfully obtained; the liquid forms provided exhibited Newtonian behavior and an increase in solubility of PRZ higher than 20 times. The accelerated stability study demonstrated the stability of the emulsions and the effect of cosurfactants investigated. The study of the dynamics of interaction between components in the diagram showed pseudoternary phase regions to obtain O/W emulsions, whereas the study of the interaction of the components and their effect on system structure and the efficiency of incorporation of the drug led to systems with an amount of soluble drug even higher (about 1.5%), which demonstrates the potential of this new input mainly for the treatment of schistosomiasis, which resulted in the filing of patent BR 10 2013 0004 55 3 / O praziquantel (PRZ) ? o f?rmaco de escolha para tratamento da esquistossomose no Brasil e est? dispon?vel comercialmente para administra??o oral na forma de comprimidos. No entanto, possui baixa solubilidade aquosa, o que limita o sucesso terap?utico desta forma farmac?utica e a disponibiliza??o de formas l?quidas. Os sistemas emulsionados lip?dicos t?m grande potencial para aumento da solubiliza??o de f?rmacos lipof?licos, sendo, ent?o, uma estrat?gia interessante para tal finalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o desenvolvimento e a caracteriza??o de sistemas l?quidos emulsionados lip?dicos do tipo ?leo em ?gua (O/A), a base de ?leo de soja como fase interna estabilizada pelo par de tensoativos Tween? 80 e Span? 80, para melhorar a fase biofarmac?utica do PRZ. Depois de selecionar o melhor valor do Equil?brio Hidr?filo-Lip?filo (EHL=11), os par?metros de prepara??o das formula??es pela t?cnica de emulsifica??o foram otimizados. As emuls?es foram obtidas com sucesso, as formas l?quidas apresentaram comportamento newtoniano e proporcionaram um aumento de solubilidade do PRZ superior a 20 vezes. O estudo de estabilidade acelerada demonstrou a estabilidade das emuls?es e o efeito dos cotensoativos investigados. O estudo da din?mica de intera??o entre os componentes pelo diagrama pseudotern?rio de fase demonstrou regi?es de obten??o de emuls?es do tipo O/A, enquanto que o estudo da intera??o dos componentes e o seu efeito na estrutura dos sistemas e na efici?ncia de incorpora??o do f?rmaco levaram a obten??o de sistemas com uma quantidade de f?rmaco sol?vel ainda maior (cerca de 1,5%), o que demonstra o potencial deste novo insumo para o tratamento principalmente da esquistossomose, o qual resultou em um dep?sito de patente BR 10 2013 000455 3

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UlisvaldoBOM_DISSERT.pdf: 1587047 bytes, checksum: 7f013a41cdb97c77a1a82dc5c85aadb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Post-menopause is a period of women s life cycle that is characterized by estrogen depletion and therefore increasing cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, hot flushes and sexual discomfort incidences. Estrogen is a hormone with comfirmed antioxidant action and its depletion is related to oxidative stress instalation and damaging various important biomolecules. Regular physical activity has been identified as a factor involved in reducing women s post-menopausal complications in addition to improving antioxidant defense by reducing the oxidative damage and consequently improving life s quality in this part of the population. This study aims to evaluate the influence of hypoestrogenism in antioxidant adaptation due to regular exercise, by determining reduced glutathione (GSH) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (SRAT) concentrations and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities in blood, brain and liver of rats. To achieve this goal we used 50 Wistar rats, weighing 180-250g which were divided into two groups, control - GC (25) and ooforectomized - GO (25). Each group was subdivided into five subgroups: Not-trained - S (5), Not-trained Acute Exercise - SEA (5), regular exercise 30 days - E30 (5), regular exercise 60 days - E60 (5) and regular exercise 90 days - E90 (5). Each of the three subgroups exercised regularly was subjected to acute exercise on the eve and the day of sacrifice to collect biological samples of blood, liver and brain and subsequent determination of SRAT concentration, GSH content and antioxidant enzymes GPx, SOD and CAT activities. The results indicated that the sedentary animals acutely exercised presented oxidative stress and regular physical activity led to antioxidant adaptation. In ooforectomized group the antioxidant adaptation seen in control animals showed to be impaired. Unlike the results from blood and liver, in brain there was a shield against oxidative damage originated by the exercise and that hypoestrogenism led to a loss of this natural antioxidant potential. Therefore, hypoestrogenism interferes negatively in antioxidant adaptation due to regular exercise / A p?s-menopausa ? um per?odo do ciclo de vida da mulher que se caracteriza pela deple??o dos estrog?nios e, por conseq??ncia, o aumento da incid?ncia de doen?as cardiovasculares, neurodegenerativas, atrofia urogenital, osteoporose, fogachos e desconforto sexual. O estr?geno ? um horm?nio com a??o antioxidante comprovada e sua deple??o est? relacionada ? instala??o de estresse oxidativo gerando danos a diversas biomol?culas importantes. O exerc?cio f?sico regular vem sendo apontada como um fator de diminui??o das complica??es da p?s-menopausa al?m de melhorar a defesa antioxidante diminuindo os danos oxidativos e conseq?ente melhorando a qualidade de vida nesta parcela da popula??o. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia do hipoestrogenismo na adapta??o antioxidante decorrente do exerc?cio f?sico regular, mediante determina??o das concentra??es de Glutationa reduzida (GSH), Subst?ncias Reativas ao ?cido Tiobarbit?rico (SRAT) e atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, Glutationa Peroxidase (GPx), Super?xido Dismutase (SOD) e Catalase (CAT) em sangue, c?rebro e f?gado de ratas. Para se alcan?ar esse objetivo foram utilizadas 50 ratas Wistar, pesando entre 180-250 g, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos, controle - GC (25) e ooforectomizados - GO (25). Cada um dos grupos foi subdividido em cinco subgrupos: N?o-treinado NT (5), N?o-treinado Exerc?cio Agudo - NTEA (5), Exercitados regularmente 30 dias E30 (5), Exercitados regularmente 60 dias E60 (5) e Exercitados regularmente 90 dias E90 (5) dias. Cada um dos tr?s subgrupos exercitados regularmente foi submetido a exerc?cio agudo na v?spera e no dia de sacrif?cio para coleta das amostras biol?gicas sangue, f?gado e c?rebro e posterior determina??o das concentra??es das SRAT, determina??o do conte?do de GSH e atividade das enzimas antioxidantes GPx, SOD e CAT. A avalia??o dos resultados indicaram que os animais sedent?rios exercitados agudamente apresentaram estresse oxidativo e que a atividade f?sica regular levou a adapta??o antioxidante. No grupo ooforectomizado a adapta??o antioxidante, vista nos animais controle apresentou-se prejudicada. Diferentemente dos resultados em sangue e f?gado, no c?rebro foi verificado uma prote??o contra danos oxidativos decorrentes do exerc?cio f?sico e que o hipoestrogenismo acarretou perda desse potencial antioxidante natural. Portanto, o hipoestrogenismo interfere negativamente na adapta??o antioxidante decorrente do exerc?cio f?sico regular

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarinaMM_DISSERT.pdf: 2256022 bytes, checksum: e9ccee900e81515e9367adddbe68fd65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The frequency of disseminated candidiasis caused by yeast has enhancing in intensive care unit. Despite the availability of new antifungal drugs, C. albicans sepsis mortality causes can be as high as 30-40%. So, it has been needed to looking for a new therapeutic medicament that helps in treatment and prevention of this infection. Previous data that demonstrated that particulated ?-glucan stimulates the immune system and experiments of this work were conducted to investigating if ?-glucan extracted from Saccharomices cerevisiae, could modified the evolution of mouse model C. albicans systemic infection. Balb/c mice with sepsis and ?-1,3 glucan treated or not were analyzed the influence of ?-1,3 glucan in survival of the animals, in the fungal burdens in kidney, in the production of urea and TNF even in the histopathology of kidney. The experiments shown that the infected animals a nd glucan treated had great survival (p<0,05), less unit form colony in kidney and normal levels of urea. In the kidney histopathology of not glucan treated animals it has seen more lesions when compared with treated animals. So we conclude that ?-1,3 glucan could stimulate the immune system against disseminated C. albicans / A frequ?ncia de candid?ase invasiva causada por leveduras tem aumentado nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Apesar dos importantes avan?os no desenvolvimento de agentes antif?ngicos, a sepse por Candida ssp tem inaceit?vel atribui??o a mortalidade de 40-50% de pessoas. Existe a necessidade de se identificar novos agentes terap?uticos que auxiliem no tratamento e preven??o dessa infec??o. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a ?-1,3 glucana particulada, extra?da do Saccharomyces cerevisiae, seria capaz de modificar a evolu??o da infec??o sist?mica por Candida albicans em modelo experimental. Camundongos Balb/c submetidos ? sepse e tratados ou n?o com ?-1,3 glucana particulada foram avaliados com rela??o ao tempo de sobrevida, quantifica??o das unidades formadoras de col?nia nos rins, dosagem de ur?ia e TNF s?ricos e an?lise histopatol?gica renal para avalia??o de infiltrado inflamat?rio e presen?a do fungo no tecido renal. Os resultados mostraram que os animais infectados por Candida albicans e tratados com glucana apresentaram uma maior sobrevida (p<0,05), uma menor quantidade de unidades formadoras de col?nia nos rins e valores de ur?ia normais. Na an?lise dos resultados da histopatologia foi observado um maior dano no tecido renal dos animais pertencentes ao grupo n?o tratado com glucana, diferentemente do observado nos animais tratados pela glucana os quais apresentaram pequeno dano renal. Assim, podemos concluir que a glucana foi capaz de estimular o sistema imune na defesa contra infec??o disseminada por C. albicans

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T17:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagdaRAF_DISSERT.pdf: 2639129 bytes, checksum: 3c6efd5066d343bdfde86e4cf41e1a70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The increase in the incidence of fungal infections due to the drug-resistance or to the number of patients with immune alterations such as AIDS, chemotherapy or organ transplantation, has done the research necesseray for new antifungal drugs. The species from Northeastern Brazil may become an important source of innovative natural molecules. To evaluate the antifungal activity of 10 medicinal plants from Northeastern Brazil, traditionally used as antimicrobial agents, 30 crude extracts (CE) were tested in vitro against four standard species of Candida spp. The CE most promising of these plants were evaluated against yeasts of the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients and through a bioassay-guided fractionation. The extracts form leaves of E. uniflora, the stem bark of L. ferrea and leaves of P. guajava showed significant activity against all yeasts evaluated, with MIC values between 15.62 and 62.5 &#956;g/mL. E. uniflora also showed fungicidal properties against all yeasts, especially against Candida dubliniensis. In patients with immune systems compromised, such as transplanted, oral candidiasis manifests mainly due to immunosuppressive therapy, and resistance to conventional antifungals. The CE of E. uniflora presented range of MIC values between 1.95 to 1000 &#956;g/mL, and lower MIC50 and MIC90 values were observed against C. non-albicans. Due the better results, the CE of E. uniflora was elected to performe the bioassay-guided fractionation. Thus it was possible to obtain enriched fractions, which showed good inhibitory ability against ATCC strains of Candida spp. It was also possible to perform experiments to verify the production of biofilm in two strains of C. dubliniensis and action of extracts and fractions on the same. With this, we observed a behavior between the yeast ATCC and clinical isolate. In addition, CE, fractions and subfractions of E. uniflora inhibit planktonic cells to preventing the growth of biofilm. The preliminary chemical characterization of the fractions obtained revealed the presence of polyphenols (especially flavonoids and tannins). Finally, the results suggests that among the plant species studied, E. uniflora showed a pattern very promising as regards the antifungal, requiring further study of purification and structural elucidation of compounds in order to verify that the antifungal effect found can be attributed to a specific compound or some mechanism depends on synergistic the mixture of polyphenols / O aumento na incid?ncia de infec??es por fungos, devido ? resist?ncia ?s drogas ou ao n?mero de pacientes com altera??es imunol?gicas, tais como SIDA, quimioterapia ou transplante de ?rg?os; tem feito a investiga??o de novas drogas antif?ngicas necess?ria. As esp?cies vegetais da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil podem se tornar uma importante fonte de mol?culas naturais inovadoras. Para avaliar a atividade antif?ngica de 10 plantas medicinais da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, tradicionalmente usadas como antimicrobianas, 30 extratos brutos (EB) foram submetidos ? teste in vitro contra quatro cepas padr?o ATCC de Candida spp. Extratos das folhas de E. uniflora, cascas do caule de L. ferrea, e folhas de P. guajava mostraram atividade significativa contra as leveduras avaliadas, com valores MIC entre 15,62 e 62,5 &#956;g/mL. E. uniflora tamb?m mostrou propriedade fungicida contra todas as leveduras, principalmente contra C. dubliniensis. O EB de E. uniflora apresentou intervalo de valores CIM entre 1,95-1000 &#956;g/mL, e menores valores de MIC50 e MIC90 foram observados contra C. n?o albicans. Devido ao melhor desempenho, o EB de E. uniflora foi eleito para realiza??o do fracionamento biomonitorado. Assim, foi poss?vel obter fra??es enriquecidas, as quais apresentaram boa capacidade inibit?ria, na faixa entre 0,48 a 500 &#956;g/mL, frente ?s cepas ATCC de Candida spp. Tamb?m foi poss?vel realizar experimentos para verificar a produ??o de biofilme de duas cepas de C. dubliniensis e a??o dos extratos e fra??es sobre o mesmo. Com isso, observou-se um comportamento diferente entre a levedura ATCC e o isolado cl?nico. Al?m disso, extrato bruto, fra??es e subfra??es de E. uniflora inibiram as c?lulas planct?nicas impedindo de se agragarem ao biofilme. A caracteriza??o qu?mica preliminar das fra??es obtidas revelou a presen?a de polifen?is (principalmente, flavon?ides e taninos). Por fim, os resultados permitiram afirmar que entre as esp?cies vegetais estudadas, E. uniflora apresentou comportamento bastante promissor no que diz respeito a a??o antif?ngica, sendo necess?rio a continua??o do estudo de purifica??o e elucida??o estrutural dos compostos presentes, a fim de verificar se a a??o antif?ngica encontrada poder? ser atribu?da a um composto espec?fico ou depende de algum mecanismo sin?rgico da mistura de polifen?is

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T14:03:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CynthiaHKC_DISSERT.pdf: 2413327 bytes, checksum: 062d4378968e15e34eed7123a46717b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Haplotypes linked to the ?S gene represent patterns of DNA polymorphisms along chromosome 11 of individuals bearing the ?S gene. Analysis of haplotypes, in addition to serving as an important source for anthropological studies about the ethnic origin of a population, contributes to a better understanding of the variations in clinical severity of sickle cell anemia. The aim of the present study was to determine ?S gene haplotypes in a group of patients with sickle cell anemia treated at the Dalton Barbosa Cunha Hematology Center (Hemonorte) in Natal, Brazil and the Oncology and Hematology Center in Mossor?, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 53 non-related patients (27 males and 26 females), aged between 3 months and 61 years (mean age: 16.9 ? 12.1 years). Laboratory analyses consisted of the following: erythrogram, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin electrophoresis at alkaline pH, measurement of hemoglobin A2 and Fetal hemoglobin, solubility test and molecular analysis to determine ?S gene haplotypes. DNA samples were extracted by illustra blood genomicPrep Mini Spin kit and ?S gene haplotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP, using Xmn I, Hind III, Hinc II and Hinf I restriction enzymes for analysis of six polymorphic restriction sites in the beta cluster. Of 106 ?S chromosomes studied, 75.5% were Central African Republic (CAR) haplotype, 11.3% Benin (BEN) and 6.6% Cameroon (CAM). The atypical haplotypes had a frequency of 6.6%. More than half the patients (58.5%) were identified as CAR/CAR genotype carriers, 16.9% heterozygous CAR/BEN, 13.2% CAR/CAM and 1.9% BEN/BEN. Patients with atypical haplotype in one or two chromosomes accounted for 9.5% (CAR/Atp, BEN/Atp and Atp/Atp). The genotype groups showed no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in their laboratory parameters. This is the first study related to ?S haplotypes conducted in state of Rio Grande do Norte and the higher frequency of Cameroon halotype found, compared to other Brazilian states, suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin / Os hapl?tipos do gene ?s representam padr?es de polimorfismos do DNA ao longo do cromossomo 11 de indiv?duos portadores do gene ?s. A an?lise dos hapl?tipos, al?m de servir como uma fonte importante para estudos antropol?gicos acerca da origem ?tnica de uma popula??o, colabora para uma melhor compreens?o da varia??o de gravidade cl?nica da anemia falciforme. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os hapl?tipos do gene ?s em um grupo de pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme atendidos no Ambulat?rio de Hematologia do Hemocentro Dalton Barbosa Cunha (Hemonorte) - Natal/RN e no Centro de Oncologia e Hematologia de Mossor?/RN. Foram obtidas amostras sang??neas de 53 pacientes n?o aparentados (27 do sexo masculino e 26 do sexo feminino), com idade variando entre 3 meses e 61 anos (m?dia de idade: 16,9 ? 12,1 anos). As an?lises laboratoriais consistiram em: eritrograma, contagem de reticul?citos, eletroforese de hemoglobina em pH alcalino, dosagem de hemoglobinas A2 e Fetal, teste de solubilidade e an?lise molecular para determin??o dos hapl?tipos ?s. O DNA foi extra?do pelo kit illustra blood genomicPrep Mini Spin e a determina??o dos hapl?tipos do gene S foi realizada por PCR-RFLP, utilizando as endonucleases de restri??o Xmn I, Hind III, Hinc II e Hinf I para an?lise de 6 s?tios polim?rficos do cluster ?. Os resultados observados mostraram, em rela??o ao n?mero de cromossomos, o predom?nio do hapl?tipo CAR (75,5%), frente aos hapl?tipos Benin (11,3%), e Camar?es (6,6%). Os hapl?tipos at?picos tiveram freq??ncia de 6,6%. Com rela??o aos gen?tipos, mais da metade dos pacientes (58,5%) foram identificados como portadores do gen?tipo CAR/CAR. O segundo mais freq?ente foi o CAR/BEN (16,9%), seguido de CAR/CAM (13,2%) e BEN/BEN (1,9%). Os pacientes com hapl?tipo at?pico em um ou nos dois cromossomos representaram 9,5% (CAR/Atp, BEN/Atp e Atp/Atp). N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa das m?dias dos par?metros laboratoriais entre os diferentes grupos de gen?tipos comparados. O presente trabalho ? o primeiro estudo relacionado aos hapl?tipos ?s realizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e o encontro de uma maior freq??ncia do hapl?tipo Camar?es, em rela??o a outros estados do Brasil, sugere a exist?ncia de uma peculiaridade da origem africana no estado