No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d’évaluer les propriétés inhibitrices de corrosion d’un traitement multifonctionnel utilisé dans l’industrie pétrolière. Dans la première partie de la thèse, l’influence des conditions hydrodynamiques, du temps d’immersion et de la température sur les processus de corrosion de l’acier API 5L-X65 en milieu CO2 en l’absence d’inhibiteur a été étudiée par des mesures électrochimiques (courbes de polarisation, courbes de Levich et spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique) avec une électrode à disque tournant. A partir de ces essais, la vitesse de corrosion a été calculée pour les différentes conditions expérimentales. L’analyse couplée des résultats électrochimiques et des analyses de surface suggèrent la formation d’une couche de produits de corrosion, principalement de carbonate de fer qui recouvre la surface du métal et conduit à la diminution de la vitesse de corrosion quand le temps d’immersion, la vitesse de rotation et la température augmentent. La deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l’évaluation d’un traitement multifonctionnel contre la corrosion. Ce traitement est composé principalement de produits extraits de l’Aloe Vera (gel de l’Aloe Vera et « acibar »). Ces produits ont été choisis car ils empêchent la formation simultanée d’hydrates et de carbonate de calcium. Ces composés « verts », ainsi que la dodécylamine, qui est un inhibiteur de corrosion commercial, ont été testés à l’aide des mesures électrochimiques et par perte de masse afin de comparer leur efficacité et d’évaluer un possible effet de synergie lorsqu’ils sont utilisés en mélange. Les produits testés séparément ont un pouvoir protecteur comparable et il n’a pas été mis en évidence d’effet de synergie. En revanche, il a été montré que les composés sont compatibles entre eux. Ceci constitue un point très important pour l’utilisation de ces traitements qui permettent d’augmenter la fiabilité et la rentabilité pour la production du pétrole et du gaz. / The objective of this work was to evaluate the corrosion inhibitive properties of a multifunctional treatment used in the petroleum industry. In the first part of the thesis, the influence of hydrodynamic conditions, immersion time and temperature on the corrosion process of API 5L-X65 steel in CO2 medium in absence of inhibitor was studied by electrochemical measurements (polarization curves, Levich curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) with a rotating disk electrode. From these tests, the corrosion rate was calculated for different experimental conditions. The analysis of the electrochemical results and surface analyses suggest the formation of a layer of corrosion products, mainly iron carbonate which covers the metal surface and leads to the decrease of the corrosion rate when the immersion time, the rotation speed and temperature increase. The second part of this work was devoted to the evaluation of a multifunctional treatment against corrosion. The treatment is mainly composed Aloe Vera extracts (Aloe Vera gel and "acibar”). These products were chosen because they prevent the simultaneous formation of hydrates and calcium carbonate. These "green" compounds and dodecylamine, which is a commercial corrosion inhibitor, were tested using electrochemical measurements and by mass loss in order to compare their efficiency and to evaluate a possible synergistic effect when they are used as a mixture. The products tested separately have a similar efficiency and did not reveal any synergistic effect. However, it was shown that the compounds are compatible. This is an important point for the use of these treatments which can increase the reliability and profitability for the production of oil and gas.

In the present work, CO2 corrosion of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in the presence of acetic acid (HAc) was investigated. The objective of this research was to study a qualitative behaviour frequently found in the case of the so-called top-of-line corrosion (TLC). That is, increasing corrosion rates and steep shrinkage after certain - not predictable - time delay. The focus was on the role of HAc in the growth and stifling of localized attacks in CO2-containing media. The kinetic behaviours of carbon steel in such brines indicated that the overall effect of HAc is a balance between an enhanced cathodic reaction rate and a slightly inhibited anodic reaction rate. Results also showed that the active dissolution is not directly related to the presence of acetic acid but rather to what is generically referred to as CO2 corrosion. Zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) measurements on artificial pit electrode assembly, coupled to numerical simulation results, indicated that local HAc concentration gradients sustain the pit growth mechanism to a certain critical depth. Beyond this critical depth, the coupling current sharply drops off and the pit undergoes a process of stifling. However, a substantial effect of the purely ohmic drop on the pit stabilization process appeared unlikely in such conditions. Instead, initiated pits were shown to propagate and stifle mainly according to the counteracting depletions of HAc and CO2. On the basis of the obtained results, a complete scenario was therefore proposed for the morphological trend of localized attacks, which is in good agreement with field occurring TLC cases.

[pt] O aço carbono é amplamente utilizado na confecção de equipamentos e tubulações que atendem às necessidades dos processos de produção e transporte de combustíveis fósseis. Sabe-se que o aço carbono em contato com o ambiente de CO2 sofrem corrosão, levando à perda de qualidade no processo e consequentemente impactos nos custos de produção. Os revestimentos não-metálicos podem ser utilizados como método de prevenção contra à corrosão, assegurando a qualidade do produto final e diminuindo os custos de produção. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do aço AISI 1020 revestido por nanocoating em um meio contendo CO2. Os testes foram realizados em solução salina de 3 por cento wt de NaCl saturada com CO2 a 75 bar de pressão, temperturas de 50 graus Celsius e 100 graus Celsius e tempos de exposição que variaram de 15 a 30 dias. O comportamento da corrosão foi avaliado através de técnicas eletroquímicas, tais como, Resistência à Polarização Liner (RPL), Impedância Eletroquímica (EIS) e Curvas Tafel e pela variação de massa. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foi utilizada para avaliar a morfologia do filme formado e a Difração de Raios X (DRX) e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) foram utilizadas para determinar a composição química. O melhor resultado do revestimento foi observado para o tempo de 15 dias a 50 graus Celsius, mesmo assim há formação de uma camada de corrosão. Em todas as outras condições estudadas não houve proteção efetiva do revestimento. Para as condições estudadas, os resultados obtidos indicam que este tipo de revestimento não pode ser utilizado para temperaturas acima de 50 graus Celsius. / [en] Carbon steel is widely used in the manufacture of equipment and piping to meet the needs of the production and transportation of fossil fuels. It is well known that carbon steel in contact with the CO2 environment will corrode leading to the loss of quality in the process and consequently impacts in production and repair costs, among others. Non-metallic coatings can be used as a method of preventing corrosion, ensuring the quality of the final product and reducing production costs. The objective of this work was the evaluation of a nano coated AISI 1020 steel in a CO2 environment. Corrosion tests were performed in a brine solution of 3 per cent wt NaCl saturated with CO2, at a pressure of 75 bar and temperatures of 50 Celsius degrees and 100 Celsius degrees for 15 and 30 days. The corrosion rate behavior was evaluated through electrochemical techniques, such as, Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance (EIS) and Tafel Curves and mass variation. Corrosion products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). For the conditions tested the coating with nanotubes and polymeric matrix withstand the maximum of 15 days at 50 Celsius degrees, although a corrosion layer was observed. No effective coating protection was observed for the other conditions studied, indicating that this type of coating can not be used for temperatures above 50 Celsius degrees.

No description available.

No description available.