The understanding of plant defense response in plant-pathogen interaction provides useful information to combat the disease. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, and charcoal rot causing fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, are major pathogens of soybean, Glycine max, and infestation with SCN has found to aggravate the fungal disease severity. The gene expression analysis in resistant and susceptible interactions between H. glycines and G. max has identified some candidate resistance genes and signaling pathways but they are yet to be fully characterized. This dissertation aims to characterize one such gene, Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. The COG complex is important in structural and functional integrity of Golgi complex among eukaryotes, but very little is understood about its role in plants. This study demonstrated a defensive role of the COG complex in G. max against H. glycines. The transgenic plants for overexpression of COG genes, which were originally susceptible to the pathogen, showed reduced parasitism. In contrast, the RNA interference (RNAi) in originally resistant soybean lines showed a marked increase in parasitism. Further, these COG genes were found to be inducible by harpin elicitor molecules. In another study, the already proven resistance genes (NDR1, NPR1, EDS1 and TGA2) against H. glycines were investigated against the fungal pathogen. The transgenic plants for overexpression of these genes showed reduced disease severity, while the RNAi resulted increased severity compared to control lines. In addition, the H. glycines parasitism study and the candidate gene expression analysis in M. Phaseolina susceptible and moderately resistant G. max indicate that there are some cross communications between the defense processes of G. max to H. glycines and M. phaseolina.

Cette étude porte sur l'arabe standard parlé par des locuteurs algériens (trois femmes et trois hommes). Notre objectif était d'apporter des précisions quant au système consonantique de cette langue, en particulier les fricatives. Ce système est riche en lieux d'articulation: labiodental,interdental, alvéolaire, postalvéolaire, uvulaire, pharyngal et laryngale. Il est également caractérisé par le phénomène de la pharyngalisation lié à deux paires de fricatives, les interdentales et les alvéolaires. A travers cette étude à visée acoustique, nous nous sommes focalisée sur les propriétés relatives au bruit de friction des fricatives, en calculant son centre de gravité (CoG). Nous nous sommes intéressée également aux caractéristiques des quatre premiers formants des voyelles [a]brève et [a:] longue à proximité des fricatives, dans les séquences d'ordre CV. Puis, nous avons étudié la durée segmentale absolue et relative, l'intensité relative et l'harmonicité (HNR) des quatorze fricatives de cette langue, en ciblant leur lieu d'articulation, et le trait phonologique de leur voisement. Enfin, nous avons relevé les particularités phonétiques des lieux postérieurs, uvulaire, pharyngal et laryngal qui se sont révélés intéressants en tant qu'indices phonétiques discriminants. / This acoustic study focuses on standard Arabic, spoken by Algerian subjects (three female and three male subjects). The main thrust of the investigations is to provide clarification on the consonantal system of the language, and more particularly on the acoustic properties of its fricatives. This system is rich in places of articulation: labiodental, interdental, alveolar, postalveolair, uvular, pharyngeal and laryngeal. It is also characterized by the phenomenon of pharyngalisation, appearing in two pairs of fricatives: the interdental and alveolar fricatives. Based on our acoustic study, we have observed the properties relating to the frication noise of fricatives by calculating their center of gravity (CoG). We have also discussed the characteristics of the first four formants of the back vowels, short [a] and long [a:], in the vicinity of the fricatives, in CV sequences. Then, we have study absolute and relative segmental durations, relative intensity and harmonicity (HNR) of the fourteen fricatives of our study. This analyse was carried out to target their place of articulation and the phonological voicing contrast. Finally, we have tried to address the features of posterior locations, uvular, pharyngeal and laryngeal, which proved to be relevant as contrastive phonetic cues

The diploma thesis "Vliv palce nohy na stabilitu stoje a chůze" is focused on the function of hallux at stance and through the gait cycle and particularly to halluxes influence on stability of the stated motor stereotypes. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge gained through literature research on anatomy and kinesiology of hallux. It also contains analysis of gait cycle and muscle coordination through it with emphasis upon activity of foot and function of hallux muscles. The practical part attempts to objectivize changes in stability and changes of loading of foot with instrumental examination. Force plate Balance Master® and GaitPlatform FDM were used for the measurements. On the force plate the parametres of movement of the centre of mass (COM, COG) and maintenance of stability while standing were compared. GaitPlatform® was used for measurement of ground reaction forces while standing and walking. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This diploma thesis aims to compare the results in the field of cognitive functions obtained by static and dynamic assessment of children with attachment disorder at preschool age. The ACFS-cz assessment battery was used for the dynamic assessment, specifically four subtests: Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory (Story Retelling), Short-term visual memory, Sequential Pattern Completion. The method of static assessment was Woodcock- Johnson IV COG, specifically four subtests: Visualization, Verbal Attention, Picture Recognition, Analysis-Synthesis. The research sample consisted of 16 preschool children (3 to 6 respectively 8 years) placed in institutional care. The results showed that there were no differences between the of the ACFS-cz pretest scores and the Woodcock-Johnson IV COG scores. While the comparison of the results of the ACFS-cz posttest with Woodcock- Johnson IV COG showed significant differences in the three examined areas (Categorisation, Short-term auditory memory, Short-term visual memory). The outcomes of the dynamic assessment lead to suitable interventions for the cognitive development of children in institutional care. Keywords ACFS, Woodcock-Johnson IV COG, cognitive functions, attachment disorder, preschool age.

Protein – Protein interactions (PPIs) are thought to be conserved between species, although this has not been systematically investigated. This problem was explored in Escherichia coli from experimental data in Treponema pallidum by predicting PPIs, focusing on protein domains of little or unknown function. The comparison of T. pallidum to a model organism such as E. coli can not only reveal additional data about T. pallidum but also reveals how E. coli is similar to this distantly related, obligate parasite. A set of novel T. pallidum interactions, enriched for proteins of unknown function, were the basis of over 23,000 predicted homologous E. coli protein-protein and domain-domain interactions. Utilizing computational methods of protein analysis to define identity cross-species comparisons, this work shows that T. pallidum is nearly 61% similar to E. coli by orthologous groups (OG), demonstrating that what we knew of T. pallidum can be applied to E. coli. Observed binary interactions of that same pool of OGs result in only 4.3% shared T. pallidum interactions. Assigning function to proteins of unknown function leads to a greater understanding of how individual proteins relate to the larger interactome, the whole of interactions within a cell.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert-Mestrado- Wander-capa e indicerevisado.pdf: 392636 bytes, checksum: 8003d8b2998f90030fa5bdf833f82b6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-17 / Dentro do processo siderúrgico integrado, são produzidos diversos tipos de gases, sendo os mais importantes, sob o ponto de vista do valor energético, aqueles provenientes da produção de coque e de gusa, denominados, respectivamente, gás de Coqueria (COG Coke Oven Gas) e de Alto-Forno (BFG Blast Furnace Gas). Estes gases, se não forem adequadamente tratados, apresentam como característica uma atividade corrosiva intensa, devido à presença de umidade e de agentes corrosivos. Como resultado, as tubulações de aço para o transporte destes gases falham por entupimento e perfuração, como no caso do gás de Coqueria. Foram imersos em condensado, por até seis meses, corpos de prova em aço ASTM 283-C no interior de potes de selagem da tubulação de gás COG. A taxa de corrosão e a perda total de espessura foram determinadas por ensaios químicos de perda de massa. A caracterização da composição do produto de corrosão foi realizada pela difratometria de raios-X, espectrofotometria no infravermelho, espectrometria de fluorescência, espectroscopia Mössbauer e pelas microscopias eletrônica de varredura e óptica. / Within an integrated steelworks process, several types of gases are produced. From an energy volume standpoint, the most important among them are those resulting from the production of coke and hot metal, namely, Coke Oven Gas (COG) and Blast Furnace Gas (BFG), respectively. If they are not properly treated, these gases may display intense corrosive features due to the presence of humidity and corrosive agents. As a result, the steel piping used for carrying these gases can fail because of clogging and perforation, as it happens in the case of COG. As part of an experiment, six test specimens were immersed in a condensate for up to six months. They were made of ASTM 283-C steel and were inside sealing pots within the COG piping. The corrosion rate and the loss of thickness were determined by bulk loss chemical tests. The characterization of the corrosion product s composition was undertaken through tests such as X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as optical and scanning electronic microscopy.

As AI has begun to reach out beyond its symbolic, objectivist roots into the embodied, experientialist realm, many projects are exploring different aspects of creating machines which interact with and respond to the world as humans do. Techniques for visual processing, object recognition, emotional response, gesture production and recognition, etc., are necessary components of a complete humanoid robot. However, most projects invariably concentrate on developing a few of these individual components, neglecting the issue of how all of these pieces would eventually fit together. The focus of the work in this dissertation is on creating a framework into which such specific competencies can be embedded, in a way that they can interact with each other and build layers of new functionality. To be of any practical value, such a framework must satisfy the real-world constraints of functioning in real-time with noisy sensors and actuators. The humanoid robot Cog provides an unapologetically adequate platform from which to take on such a challenge. This work makes three contributions to embodied AI. First, it offers a general-purpose architecture for developing behavior-based systems distributed over networks of PC's. Second, it provides a motor-control system that simulates several biological features which impact the development of motor behavior. Third, it develops a framework for a system which enables a robot to learn new behaviors via interacting with itself and the outside world. A few basic functional modules are built into this framework, enough to demonstrate the robot learning some very simple behaviors taught by a human trainer. A primary motivation for this project is the notion that it is practically impossible to build an "intelligent" machine unless it is designed partly to build itself. This work is a proof-of-concept of such an approach to integrating multiple perceptual and motor systems into a complete learning agent.

Ορισμένοι ερευνητές σήμερα αναζητούν τρόπους αξιοποίησης των υπολογιστών και του διαδικτύου για την υποστήριξη σύγχρονων συνεργατικών δραστηριοτήτων, δηλαδή συνεργασία μέσω υπολογιστή δύο ή περισσοτέρων χρηστών στον ίδιο χρόνο. Η σύγχρονη συνεργατική δραστηριότητα υποστηρίζεται συνήθως από εργαλεία που αποτελούνται από έναν κοινόχρηστο χώρο εργασίας, στον οποίο δύο ή περισσότεροι χρήστες εργάζονται, καθώς βρίσκονται σε απομακρυσμένα σημεία και ένα χώρο, στον οποίο οι χρήστες μπορούν να συνομιλούν. Η αξιολόγηση της αποδοτικότητας τέτοιων εργαλείων μπορεί να είναι δαπανηρή και χρονοβόρα διαδικασία, αφού απαιτούνται πολλοί πόροι (χρήστες, πραγματικές συνθήκες εργασίας κλπ) για την διεξαγωγή των κατάλληλων μελετών. Αντί αυτών έχουν αναπτυχθεί μέθοδοι που επιτρέπουν την αξιολόγηση των συνεργατικών εργαλείων χρησιμοποιώντας μοντέλα ανθρώπινου επεξεργαστή. Μοντέλα του ανθρώπινου επεξεργαστή HIP (Human Information Processing model) χρησιμοποιούνται για να προσεγγίσουν την ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά ατόμων που δουλεύουν σε κοινό χώρο εργασίας. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διπλωματικής γίνεται χρήση μοντέλων ανθρώπινου επεξεργαστή για την αξιολόγηση σύγχρονης συνεργασίας που υλοποιείται στον κοινό χώρο εργασίας μίας εφαρμογής υποστήριξης συνεργασίας (Synergo). Για τις ποσοτικές προβλέψεις την πρώτη φορά θα χρησιμοποιηθεί το μοντέλο πληκτρολογήσεων KLM (Keystroke Level Model KLM), το οποίο αναπαριστά τον χρήστη σαν να έχει νοητικούς, κινητικούς και γνωσιακούς επεξεργαστές και την δεύτερη, το Cog Tool, το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί μια γνωσιακή αρχιτεκτονική που ονομάζεται ACT-R για να προσομοιώσει την κινητική, αισθητηριακή και γνωστική συμπεριφορά των ανθρώπων που αλληλεπιδρούν με το πρωτότυπο για να ολοκληρώσουν τις εργασίες τους (tasks), τις οποίες έχει ορίσει ο σχεδιαστής της διεπιφάνειας χρήστη UI (User Interface). Μολονότι το KLM και το Cog Tool παράγουν ποσοτικές προβλέψεις για έναν χρήστη, στην διπλωματική που θα ακολουθήσει θα μελετηθεί ο τρόπος, με τον οποίο αυτά τα εργαλεία μπορούν να προσομοιώσουν την συνεργασία δύο χρηστών. Αφού συγκριθούν τα μοντέλα χρησιμοποιώντας αρχικά το KLM και μετέπειτα το Cog Tool, παρουσιάζονται τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν, ενώ στη συνέχεια, προτείνονται ορισμένες μελλοντικές προεκτάσεις. / Nowadays some researchers search out ways to exploit computers and internet to support synchronous collaborative activities, which is cooperation between two or more users through a computer at the same time. The synchronous collaborative activity is being supported usually with tools which are consisted of a shared workspace, in which two or more users working, while they are in different places and a space, in which the users can chat. The evaluation of the shared workspace can be quite expensive and time consuming because of the requirement of resource consumption (users, real working situations etc) in order to make the appropriate studies. Instead of this, methods have been developed which allows the evaluation of the collaborative tools using Human Information Processing Models. Human Information Processing Models are used to approximate the human behavior of users working in shared workspace. Within this thesis one alternative method is represented, using as shared workspace reference the user interface of Synergo. For quantitative predictions, first, Keystroke Level Model (KLM) is being used, which represents the user as having motor and cognitive processors and subsequently the Cog Tool, which uses a cognitive architecture called ACT-R to simulate the kinetic, sensory and cognitive behavior of people who interact with the prototype to complete their tasks as they are specified by the designer of the user interface (UI). Although KLM and Cog Tool are producing quantitatively predictions for one user, within this thesis will be studied how these two tools can work for two-user cooperation. After the comparison of models using first KLM and then Cog Tool, the results, which are being deducted, are presented. In addition, some future extensions are suggested.

The publication contains manufacturing technology of injection cog-wheel, manufacturing plastic material specification and technical drawing documentation including injection shapes. Based on technical data of injecting machine the proper manufacturing technology is suggested. Basic evaluation of costs required to manufacture the whole series of injection cog-wheels is also included.

This thesis deals with rebuilding of combustion engine powered go-kart for rent to electric powered go-kart. Main goal of work is choose fitting electric engine and electric accessories for reliable working of electric go-kart, put the whole electric drive to rear construction of go-kart and check mechanical part of electric drive.