This work is dealing with issues concerning mathematical and computer modeling of events describable with help of rst and second order differential equations. First part contains summary of basic procedures for searching differential equations using analythical methods, next chapter is focused on software used to solve chosen tasks and demonstration of speci c physics problems.

The objective of this report was to implement battery cycling and an intermittent current interruption (ICI) method for determining battery resistance into a simple lithium-ion battery model in the finite element methods (FEM) program COMSOL Multiphysics, andevaluate how accurately the model reflects the behaviour of voltage and internal resistance with respect to experimental results. The ICI technique consists of repeating the steps of first having a longer charging period and then having a short current interruption, where the internal resistance is calculated from the voltage drop that occurs when the current is turned off. The model was evaluated against measurements, made with the same technique (ICI), on assembled NMC-graphite batteries. Codes written in the statistical programming language “R” were used to process the data from both COMSOL and the experiments. Both the batteries and the model were constructed with a reference electrode, to enable measurement of each electrode by itself. The results as documented in this report show that it is possible to simulate the measurement technique in COMSOL, but that both the resistance and voltage profiles differed quite a lot from the behaviour of the tested batteries. The resistance of the positive electrode did however give good results and it was possible to improve the model by changing some parameters. The magnitude of the resistance, which was already quite close, could be improved by changing the porosity and particle size, and the voltage profiles were improved when using voltage-data achieved from the real measurements.

The thesis deals with a parametric analysis of a magnetic multiband antenna and explains the principle of its operation. In the thesis, an optimization of the antenna by the particle swarm optimization is performed in order to meet impedance matching in prescribed frequency bands.

The aim of the work is to study the electromagnetic field theory, finite element method and the interaction of electromagnetic field with tissues. Gained knowledge is then used to calculate spreading of the electromagnetic field in the microwave field and to create a temperature profile of spreading the electromagnetic fields in human tissue. The finite element method was implemented in the Matlab programming environment, where the 1D model was created in the frequency and time domain and a simple 2D model created in time domain. The program was developed to analyze spreading electromagnetic wave. Another part of work was done in the programming environment of COMSOL Multiphysics. In this case was the human leg exposed to electromagnetic fields. The analysis determined the changes of temperature in these biological tissues for six minutes.

This thesis deals with the basic theory of the electromagnetic field in the first part and the field interactions with biological tissues. Than describes shortwave diathermy as a technique used for purposes of medical treatment. The aim is to built a model of tissue heating in shortwave diathermy in COMSOL Multiphysics environment, so there is included a description of the programming environment, including the mathematical method that COMSOL uses for calculations. The output of the whole work is a model of the lower limb in the knee part and display the results after his diathermy heating.

Growing regions and tighter zoning in urban areas are pushing the hydrological bal-ances to establish new equilibriums which are causing a stress on the groundwater. Urbanization can affect the groundwater in several ways in which both raising and lowering of groundwater tables are a possibility. Both ways, sudden changes may bring on socioeconomic costs for the unprepared. Hydrogeological modelling creates the possibilities to visualise processes that cannot be seen with the naked eye. By combin-ing knowledge about the studied area from tests and measurements a conceptual model and additionally a numerical model can be created. To study the magnitude groundwater sensitivity to changes in land-cover a hydrogeological model was created using COMSOL multiphysics within the frame of a case study concerning a horse racetrack located in Täby, north of Stockholm. The model was calibrated against known data and was the applied on a future scenario where both the land-use and climate were changed. The outcome of the model showed that hydrogeological mod-elling is sensitive to the amount and quality of the in-data. Several insecurities in the results can be traced back to a lack of base material and by changing one parameter the result of other calibrated parameters would also change. Equifinality could thus be established to be a major issue when performing groundwater modelling. Further studies of relevant data requirements for different model objectives are required.

No description available.

Uppvärmningen av gjutasfalt har traditionellt sett skett med fossila bränslen. Projektet SMMART undersöker möjligheterna att med inblandning av magnetit i asfaltsmassan kunna nyttja mikrovågsteknik för uppvärmning. Detta examensarbete är uppdelat i två delar. Första delen behandlar uppvärmningen av magnetitinblandad asfaltsmassa och andra delen avsvalningsförloppet vid utläggning. Del 1 Numeriska tredimensionella simuleringar med simuleringsverktyget COMSOL Multiphysics har utförts för att undersöka hur uppvärmningen påverkar temperaturskillnaden mellan den inblandade magnetiten och resterande asfaltsmassa. Detta görs för att höga temperaturskillnader kan orsaka koksning. Simuleringarna utförs som ett värmeöverföringsproblem där tillförseln av mikrovågsenergi simuleras som att magnetitkornen avger en viss effekt.  Resultatet visar på att temperaturskillnaden i hög grad beror på avståndet mellan magnetitkornen. Där framförallt höga vikt-% magnetit och små kornstorlekar på magnetiten påverkar avståndet och ger små temperaturskillnader. Detta resulterar i att den magnetitinblandade asfalten kan betraktas som ett kontinuum för höga vikt-% magnetit och mindre kornstorlekar på magnetiten.  Vidare undersöks om det finns någon optimal vikt-% magnetit vid uppvärmning av asfaltsmassan. Resultatet visar att det ur en värmeöverföringssynpunkt inte finns några begränsningar för hur mycket magnetit som kan blandas in.   Del 2 Ett fältförsök utfördes i Kungälv där både magnetitinblandad gjutasfalt och traditionell gjutasfalt lades ut. Båda asfaltstyperna tillverkades och värmdes upp i ett traditionellt gjutasfaltverk och utläggning skedde på Nordreälvsbron i Kungälv. Temperaturen mättes genom att temperaturgivare göts in i asfalten varefter mätvärden registrerades på olika höjdnivåer. Resultatet visade i stort på att den magnetitinblandade gjutasfalten avsvalnade långsammare än den traditionella, även om osäkerheter förekommer. Till exempel vad gäller nederbörd som påverkade asfaltstyperna olika.  Numeriska endimensionella simuleringar med simuleringsverktyget COMSOL Multiphysics har utförts för att jämföra med uppmätta värden från fältförsöket. Här konstateras att temperaturerna i den simulerade modellen avtar snabbare än vad som uppmätts i fältförsöket. Precis som vid fältförsöket noterades att den magnetitinblandade gjutasfalten svalnade av långsammare än den traditionella gjutasfalten. Osäkerheter vid modelleringen rör framförallt modellparametrarna.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to deposit gold nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Deposition conditions, including the tip-substrate distance, current density, substrate potential, and addition of Ag ions in the electrolyte are changed to study the effects on gold spot size and particle morphology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to analyze the gold nanoparticles. The size and shape of the nanoparticle can be controlled by different SECM experimental conditions. OMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate the results of SECM deposition. By comparing the simulation results and experimental results, the deposition process can be understood better. Heterogeneous irreversible reaction rate constant of the reaction happened on GCE can be estimated.

No description available.