A biofidelic finite element model was developed from an acquired set of CT scans for a range of human head and UAS impacts to provide simulations of multiple velocity scenarios of impact severity at four impact orientations on the human head. The hypothesis was that a correlation existed between the total amounts of kinetic energy of the impact from the UAS and human head collision, as well as that location of impact plays a role in the injury risk sustained. Linear acceleration, angular velocity, and pressure data values were calculated for each individual simulated case and then further correlated to injury risks that represent the severity of damage that would be sustained from the collision. Resulting data proved to show that impact kinetic energy, impact orientation, and impact response of the head and UAS all play vital roles in the amount of damage that is sustained from the impact collisions.

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Background: Ice hockey is a team sport combined with martial arts. A certain level of violence is accepted within the game. The physical play results in injured players. Incidence of concussions have increased during several years in Swedish ice hockey and the Swedish Ice hockey association have initiated a preventive project to reduce concussions; Projekt Nollvision. This study is a part of the project.  Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey factors that predispose or reduce the prevalence of violent or dangerous play within Swedish ice hockey.  Method: Unstructured interviews were conducted with ice hockey players with an aggressive or a hazardous style of play. Data was analyzed with content analysis.  Result: The study shows multiple factors that influence players to use an aggressive style of play such as risk-taking in the aim to win games, highspeed in the game and annoyance from opponents. The main reductive factor was experience. Differences between male and female players was mainly greater differences concerning physical capacity among female players. Conclusion: Several factors that influence a violent style of play was identified. Male and female players share beliefs concerning violent play and that is probably an influence from the culture within ice hockey rather than gendered.  Searchwords: Concussion, ice hockey, prevention / Bakgrund: Ishockey är en lagidrott kombinerat med kampsport. I idrotten tillåts en viss nivå av våld. Det fysiska spelet får till följd att spelare riskerar att skadas. Förekomsten av hjärnskakningar har under flera år ökat inom svensk ishockey och ishockeyförbundet har initierat en satsning för att förebygga denna typ av skada; Projekt Nollvision. Denna studie är en del av projektet.  Syfte: Studiens syfte var att kartlägga faktorer som predisponerar eller minskar förekomsten av aggressiv och/eller risktagande spelstil inom svensk ishockey.  Metod: Insamlingen av data skedde i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer av spelare med en våldsam spelstil. Data analyserades genom innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Studien påvisade flera faktorer som påverkade spelare att spela mer aggressiv ishockey så som risktagande i jakt på vinst, hög fart i spelet samt irritation på motspelare. Den faktor som begränsar förekomst av våldsamt spel visade sig vara erfarenhet hos spelare. Skillnaden mellan dam- och herrspelare var främst att det finns större skillnader bland spelarnas fysiska förutsättningar inom damishockey.  Konklusion: Flera påverkansfaktorer för en aggressiv spelstil identifierades. Dam- och herrspelare var samstämmiga och uppfattningar om våldsamt spel verkar vara kulturellt betingat inom idrotten snarare än könsbunden.  Sökord: Hjärnskakning, ishockey, prevention / Projekt Nollvision

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