Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1939. / Typescript; in 178 and 4 leaves. Includes bibliographical references (p. [175]-178).

Les critères de sûreté exigés pour les réacteurs rapides au sodium de Generation IV (RNR-Na) se traduisent par la nécessité d'incertitudes réduites et maîtrisées sur les grandeurs neutroniques d'intérêt. Une part de ces incertitudes provient des données nucléaires et, dans le cas des RNR-Na, des données nucléaires du sodium, qui présentent des différences significatives entre les bibliothèques internationales (JEFF-3.1.1, ENDF/B-VII.0, JENDL-4.0). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer la connaissance sur les données nucléaires du sodium afin de mieux calculer les paramètres neutroniques des RNR-Na et fournir des incertitudes fiables. Après un état des lieux des présentes données du Na23, l'impact des différences est quantifié notamment sur les effets en réactivité de vidange du sodium, calculés avec des outils neutroniques déterministe et stochastique. Les résultats montrent qu'il est nécessaire de ré-évaluer entièrement les données nucléaires du sodium. Plusieurs développements ont été effectués dans le code d'évaluation Conrad, pour intégrer de nouveaux modèles de réactions nucléaires et leurs paramètres ainsi que pour permettre de procéder à des ajustements avec des mesures intégrales. Suite à ces développements, l'analyse des données différentielles et la propagation des incertitudes expérimentales avec Conrad ont été réalisées. Le domaine des résonances résolues a été étendu à 2 MeV et le domaine du continuum débute directement au-delà de cette énergie. Une nouvelle évaluation du Na23 et les matrices de covariances multigroupes associées ont été générées pour de futurs calculs d'incertitudes. La dernière partie de la thèse se focalise sur le retour des expériences intégrales de vidange du sodium, par des méthodes d'assimilation de données intégrales, afin de réduire les incertitudes sur les sections efficaces du sodium. Ce document se clôt sur des calculs d'incertitudes pour des RNR-Na de type industriel, qui montrent une meilleure prédiction de leurs paramètres neutroniques avec la nouvelle évaluation. / The safety criteria to be met for Generation IV sodium fast reactors (SFR) require reduced and mastered uncertainties on neutronic quantities of interest. Part of these uncertainties come from nuclear data and, in the particular case of SFR, from sodium nuclear data, which show significant differences between available international libraries (JEFF-3.1.1, ENDF/B-VII.0, JENDL-4.0). The objective of this work is to improve the knowledge on sodium nuclear data for a better calculation of SFR neutronic parameters and reliable associated uncertainties. After an overview of existing Na23 data, the impact of the differences is quantified, particularly on sodium void reactivity effets, with both deterministic and stochastic neutronic codes. Results show that it is necessary to completely re-evaluate sodium nuclear data. Several developments have been made in the evaluation code Conrad, to integrate new nuclear reactions models and their associated parameters and to perform adjustments with integral measurements. Following these developments, the analysis of differential data and the experimental uncertainties propagation have been performed with Conrad. The resolved resonances range has been extended up to 2 MeV and the continuum range begins directly beyond this energy. A new Na23 evaluation and the associated multigroup covariances matrices were generated for future uncertainties calculations. The last part of this work focuses on the sodium void integral data feedback, using methods of integral data assimilation to reduce the uncertainties on sodium cross sections. This work ends with uncertainty calculations for industrial-like SFR, which show an improved prediction of their neutronic parameters with the new evaluation.

The fascinating relationship between Conrad Aiken (1889-1973) and Malcolm Lowry (1909-1957) has formed the subject of a number of critical studies and fictional treatments. The study of this relationship is of value both for its biographical interest and literary significance, particularly in terms of the literary influence of one writer upon the other. Through Aiken and Lowry's entertaining and extremely articulate correspondence, one has access to what is possibly the most intimate view of this relationship available to date. Although a number of these letters have been previously published, often in incomplete form, In Selected Letters of Conrad Aiken ed. Joseph Killorin, and Selected Letters of Malcolm Lowry eds. Harvey Breit and Margerie Bonner Lowry, three-quarters of the letters have remained unpublished. This volume provides the first complete collection of Aiken and Lowry's correspondence. It comprises eighty-nine letters from the two writers, including photographs, poems, and drawings which they enclosed in their letters, written between 1929, the year when Lowry wrote his first letter of introduction to Aiken, and 1954. This collection contains the complete texts of all letters together with editorial notes and commentary. In addition, it provides textual notes outlining the changes made by each writer at the time of composition. These letters not only reveal the mutual admiration of Lowry and Aiken, and at times their jealousy of each other, but are literary works in their own right. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This thesis aims to examine the manifestation of ecophobia in negative emotional expressions in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and “The Man Whom the Trees Loved” by Algernon Blackwood and how this relates to colonialism and colonial anxiety. The term ecophobia, popularized by Simon C. Estok, describes deep rooted, negative emotions and attitudes towards the natural environment that is prevalent in most of humanity. This thesis implements the theory of the origin of ecophobia, described by Brian Deyo as a fear of nature’s indifference towards humans and how it confronts us with our own dreaded mortality. According to theories on ecophobia, colonialism has been a successful method to expand western control over the nature that has been perceived as a threat to our existence.Previous research of Heart of Darkness and “The Man Whom the Trees Loved” have not delved into how the negative emotions toward nature and the primitive relates to the root cause of the fears – the fear of our own mortality. This thesis aims to fill that gap. The analysis shows how the main characters of each work display negative emotions according to three categories related to theories of ecophobia: a fear of the primitive core of the civilized man, a fear of transgressions that threatens western narratives and methods used to cover up the fact that we are mortal animals, and a fear of attack against ourselves or our culture that occurs when the methods and narratives fail.

The process of metaphrasis denotes the translation of a work of art from one medium into another. Opera is fundamentally an adaptive art form and contemporary opera has increasingly turned to the novel as the sophistication and range of the resources of modem music theatre have expanded. This dissertation will examine the contemporary operatic adaptation of five works of fiction. The method employed is a comparison of fictional and operatic discourse and an analysis of the translation of fictional narrative into operatic narrative. Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights poses particular narrative problems for operatic adaption while Herman Melville's Billy Budd is characterised by its intrusive narrator and a pervasive ambiguity. Joseph Conrad's novel, Under Western Eyes, exemplifies many of the narratological complexities of modernism, whereas Patrick White's Voss, a seminal postcolonial text, offers the operatic adaptor opportunities for the transcendence of language through music. The final chapter of this study will examine Henry James's tale, liThe Aspern Papers II , which incorporates many of James's reflections on literature and the literary life. The postmodernist operatic adaptation transmutes this self-reflexive fictional work into an opera profoundly concerned with the ontology of opera itself. This study will test the thesis that opera's affinity lies with the novel rather than with drama: that the fundamental narrative mode of opera is diegetic rather than mimetic. The main theoretic thrust proposes that the orchestra in opera performs a similar function to the narrator in fiction. As fictional characters exist only through the medium of their 'text' therefore, it will be argued, operatic characters exist only as part of their 'musical' text. Fictional narrative, while frequently conveying the impression of mimesis is essentially diegetic; operatic characters appear to possess a similar autonomy to their counterparts in drama, but can be seen as analogous to those in fiction and as a function of the diegesis of operatic narrative. Operatic characters are 'created' by the orchestral-narrator and have their being only as part of this narrative act. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

Zugleich: Diss. Hagen Fernuniv., 2008. / Literaturverz.

Zugleich: Diss. Hagen Fernuniv., 2008. / Literaturverz.

Le formulaire de calcul DARWIN2.3, basé sur l’évaluation des données nucléaires JEFF-3.1.1, est dédié aux applications du cycle du combustible nucléaire. Il est validé expérimentalement pour le calcul du bilan matière par comparaison avec des mesures de rapports isotopiques réalisées sur des tronçons de combustibles irradiés en réacteur de puissance. Pour certains nucléides d’intérêt pour le cycle du combustible, la validation expérimentale montre que le calcul de la concentration en évolution pourrait être amélioré. C’est dans ce contexte que les travaux de thèse ont été menés : après s’être assuré que le biais Calcul / Expérience (C/E) est majoritairement dû aux données nucléaires, deux voies d’amélioration du calcul du bilan matière sont proposées et étudiées.La première voie d’amélioration s’attache à la ré-estimation des données nucléaires par assimilation des données intégrales. Elle consiste en l'assimilation des données provenant de la validation expérimentale du calcul du bilan matière avec DARWIN2.3 à l'aide du code d’évaluation des données nucléaires CONRAD. Des recommandations d’évolution d’évaluation, qui découlent de l’analyse de ces travaux, sont effectuées.La deuxième voie d’amélioration consiste à proposer de nouvelles expériences pour valider les données nucléaires impliquées dans la formation de nucléides pour lesquels on ne dispose pas d’expérience pour valider le calcul de la concentration avec DARWIN2.3. La faisabilité d’une expérience dédiée à la validation des sections efficaces des réactions de formation du 14C, à savoir 14N(n,p) et 17O(n,α), a été démontrée en ce sens. / The DARWIN2.3 calculation package, based on the use of the JEFF-3.1.1 nuclear data library, is devoted to nuclear fuel cycle studies. It is experimentally validated for fuel inventory calculation thanks to dedicated isotopic ratios measurements realized on in-pile irradiated fuel rod cuts. For some nuclides of interest for the fuel cycle, the experimental validation work points out that the concentration calculation could be improved. The PhD work was done in this framework: having verified that calculation-to-experiment (C/E) biases are mainly due to nuclear data, two ways of improving fuel inventory calculation are proposed and investigated. It consists on one hand in improving nuclear data using the integral data assimilation technique. Data from the experimental validation of DARWIN2.3 fuel inventory calculation are assimilated thanks to the CONRAD code devoted to nuclear data evaluation. Recommendations of nuclear data evaluations are provided on the basis of the analysis of the assimilation work. On the other hand, new experiments should be proposed to validate nuclear data involved in the buildup of nuclides for which there is no post-irradiation examination available to validate DARWIN2.3 fuel inventory calculation. To that extent, the feasibility of an experiment dedicated to the validation of the ways of formation of 14C, which are 14N(n,p) and 17O(n,α) reaction cross sections, was demonstrated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Doutorado_Antonio_Sergio_Bonini.pdf: 2347670 bytes, checksum: 55095ae0badf05144e217978479f2c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-23 / The minimum air temperature is one of the meteorological variables which exercises relevant influence over environmental conditions, being one of the determining factors to the growth and development of the plants. The evaluation of the minimum air temperature, in the Southern Region of Brasil, is directly related to the identification of the more adequate periods for the sowing or planting of the various cultivation, for it permits the establishment of the critical plant phase to coincide with the period of a minor probability of harmful temperature occurrence to the cultivation. Through the thirty years of daily data study of the minimum air temperature, in twelve surface meteorological stations, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, during the months of the year, the characterization period was done with a minimum temperature within the following interval t < 3ºC. The probability of minimum temperature to be found in the referred interval was obtained through the calculation of the conditional probability and the probability of occurrence of days with the minimum temperature within an interval of seven days, using the first-order Markov Chain Model. The results obtained showed that the probability of a determined day to be found at a minimum particular temperature depends on the precedent state, confirming, satisfactorily, the adjustment of the Markov Chain Model. The study promoted the mapping of the Ecoclimatic regions of Rio Grande do Sul based on description of the minimum temperature sequence and frost risk, thought Markov Chain Model, the use of the multiple linear regression model and Conrad & Pollak Method, thus identifying the probability dates of occurrence of the first and the last frost of the year, to help in the planning and epoch of cultivation. / A temperatura mínima do ar é uma das variáveis meteorológicas que exerce relevante influência sobre as condições ambientais, sendo um dos fatores determinantes do crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. A avaliação da temperatura mínima do ar, na Região Sul do Brasil, está diretamente relacionada com a identificação dos períodos mais adequados para a semeadura/plantio das diversas culturas, pois permite estabelecer que as fases críticas da planta coincidam com o período de menor probabilidade de ocorrência de temperaturas prejudiciais à cultura. Através do estudo de 30 anos de dados diários de temperatura mínima do ar de doze estações meteorológicas de superfície, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante os meses do ano, foi feita a caracterização dos períodos com temperatura mínima do ar dentro do intervalo t < 3ºC. A probabilidade de a temperatura mínima se encontrar no referido intervalo foi obtida através dos cálculos de probabilidade condicional e da probabilidade de ocorrência de dias com temperatura mínima dentro de um período de sete dias, utilizando-se o modelo da Cadeia de Markov de primeira ordem. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a probabilidade de um determinado dia encontrar-se com uma temperatura mínima particular, depende do estado precedente, comprovando satisfatoriamente o ajuste do Modelo da Cadeia de Markov. O estudo promoveu o mapeamento das Regiões Ecoclimáticas do Rio Grande do Sul com base na descrição da seqüência de temperaturas mínimas e riscos de geadas, por meio do Método Cadeia de Markov, do uso do modelo de regressão linear múltipla e do Método Conrad & Pollak, identificando, dessa forma, as probabilidades das datas de ocorrência da primeira e da última geada do ano, para auxiliar no planejamento e épocas de cultivo.

Sulphide soils in Sweden are mainly found along the northeast coastline. These soils area characterized by their fine grain size, low shear strength and black, or grey, color. These soils are also found further south, in the Sundsvall area in Västernorrland, but have slightly lower sulphide content there. They are therefore often classified as sulphide-bearing soils. It is presumed that the undrained shear strength is underestimated in these soils. The undrained shear strength is used in the design of different geotechnical reinforcements. To obtain the undrained shear strength of a soil, several methods can be used. In situ, cone penetration tests or field vane tests can be used for example. In a laboratory environment, the undrained shear strength can be obtained from fall cone test or direct shear tests on undisturbed samples. Depending on how the soil is classified, they can be evaluated as a sulphide soil or as inorganic clay.  The objective of this master's thesis is to investigate if there are any indications showing that the undrained shear strength of sulphide-bearing soils in the Sundsvall area is being underestimated. It has also been investigated whether these soils should be evaluated as inorganic fine-grained soils instead of sulphide soils. Attempts have also been made to find a more suitable and site-specific reduction factor, cone factor, for the cone penetration tests. In order to enable this study, data from the mentioned investigation methods have been collected from Sweco's project Dubbelspår Dingersjö-Sundsvall C. The Project was separated into three subareas, since there were mainly three areas with direct shear tests. The data was evaluated both as sulphide soil and as inorganic clay, and then compared with the reference values from the direct simple shear tests. The site-specific cone factors for the cone penetration tests were also derived by using the undrained shear strength from the direct simple shear tests.  The result from the comparison with the reference values shows that the undrained shear strength of the sulphide-bearing soils in the Sundsvall area is underestimated if it is evaluated as sulphide soil. This applies to all three methods, cone penetration tests, fall cone tests and field vane tests. The fact that the undrained shear strength is currently underestimated means that costs and environmental impact could be reduced in many projects in Västernorrland if a more accurate reduction were to be used. New cone factors were also derived as a part of the result. The new cone factors were 20.55, 18.84 and 17.04 for the three subareas. This can be compared to the current cone factor for sulphide soil, which is 20. At the end of this report it is discussed whether the direct simple shear tests are the most suitable method for obtaining reference values in these soils. It is also discussed which parameters are believed to affect the cone factors. Future research should investigate how the silt and organic content affects the undrained shear strength. This should be done to be able to find a more accurate reduction for sulphide-bearing soils. Whether the direct simple shear tests are best suited to use as a reference values should also be investigated further. / Sulfidjordar i Sverige återfinns främst längst den nordöstra kustlinjen. Dessa jordar är generellt sett finkorniga, har låg skjuvhållfasthet och är ofta svarta eller gråa. Sulphidjordar återfinns även längre söder ut, i Sundsvallsområdet i Västernorrland, men sulfidinnehållet är något lägre i det området. De klassas därför ofta som sulfidhaltiga. Det förmodas att den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten underskattas i dessa jordar. Den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten används när olika geotekniska lösningar ska dimensioneras. Det finns flera olika metoder som kan användas för att erhålla den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten. I fält kan till exempel CPT-sonderingar och vingförsök utföras. I en laboratoriemiljö kan den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten erhållas från fallkonförsök och direkta skjuvförsök på ostörda jordprover. Beroende på hur jordarten klassificeras kan de utvärderas som en sulfidjord eller oorganisk lera. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om det finns indikationer som tyder på att den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten i sulfidhaltiga jordar i Sundsvallsområdet underskattas om de utvärderas som sulfidjord. Det har även undersökts om dessa jordar ska utvärderas som en oorganisk finkornig jord istället för en sulfidjord. Det har också gjorts försök att hitta mer passande och platsspecifika, reduktionsfaktorer, konfaktorer, för CPT-sondering. För att möjliggöra undersökningen har data från de nämnda undersökningsmetoderna sammanställts från projektet Dubbelspår Dingersjö-Sundsvall C. Projektet har delats upp i tre delområden, eftersom det främst finns tre områden där direkta skjuvförsök har utförts. Undersökningarna utvärderades både som sulfidjord och oorganisk lera och jämfördes sedan med referensvärden från de direkta skjuvförsöken. Även de platsspecifika konfaktorerna för CPT härleddes med hjälp av den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten från de direkta skjuvförsöken.  Resultaten från jämförelsen med referensvärdena visar att den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten i sulfidhaltiga jordar i Sundsvallsområdet underskattas när den utvärderas som sulfidjord. Detta gäller alla tre metoder, CPT, fallkonförsök och vingförsök. Faktumet att den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten underskattas innebär att kostnad och klimatpåverkan skulle kunna minska i många projekt i Västernorrland om en mer exakt reduktion skulle göras. Nya konfaktorer härleddes också som en del av resultatet. De nya konfaktorerna var 20.55, 18.84 och 17.04 i de tre delområdena. Det kan jämföras med den nuvarande konfaktorn för sulfidjord, som är 20. I slutet av rapporten diskuteras det huruvida direkta skjuvförsök är den bäst lämpade metoden för att ta fram referensvärden i dessa jordar. Det diskuteras även vilka parametrar som tros påverka konfaktorn. Framtida forskning borde undersöka hur siltinnehållet och det organiska innehållet påverkar den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten. Det borde göras för att kunna erhålla en mer lämplig reduktion för sulfidhaltiga jordar. Om direkta skjuvförsök är bäst lämpad att använda som referensvärde borde också undersökas vidare.