Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию проблем организации потребительского кредитования. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе организации потребительского кредитования в банковских организациях. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является выявление проблем на основании теоретических и практических основ организации банковского потребительского кредитования. В заключении обозначены рекомендации по решению проблем организации банковского потребительского кредитования. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of the problems of organizing consumer lending. The subject of the research is the economic relations arising in the process of organizing consumer lending in banking organizations. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to identify problems on the basis of theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of banking consumer lending. In the conclusion of the marked recommendations for solving problems of the organization of banking consumer lending.

The thesis deals with rising household debt, especially in consumer lending. The main part of the thesis is the analysis of obligatorily quoted annual percentage rate of charge. Further contains debt statistics, previous and new law and improvement proposals for the future.

The thesis deals with the characteristics of financial leasing and consumer lending, wals of bookeeping, tax burden, reflection of operations in financial statements and aboe all the analysis of diference of both variants. The output of this thesis is statement, witch of the financial methods is preferable a than comparison of different types of financial leasing.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников и приложения. В первой главе рассмотрен потребительский кредит как вид банковского кредита, рассмотрены методы и методики оценки кредитоспособности заемщика – физического лица; проведен анализ ситуации на рынке потребительского кредитования. Во второй главе дана финансово-экономическая характеристика АО «Альфа-Банк»; рассмотрена специфика потребительского кредитования в АО «Альфа-Банк»; проведен анализ организации потребительского кредитования в АО «Альфа-Банк». В третьей главе разработаны новые кредитные продукты для физических лиц в АО «Альфа-Банк»; разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию методики оценки кредитоспособности физических лиц. В заключении сформулированы обобщающие выводы по результатам исследования. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and appendices. In the first chapter, consumer credit as a type of bank loan is considered, methods and techniques for assessing the creditworthiness of a borrower – an individual are considered, and the situation in the consumer lending market is analyzed. In the second chapter, the financial and economic characteristics of Alfa-Bank JSC are given; the specifics of consumer lending in Alfa-Bank JSC are considered; the organization of consumer lending in Alfa-Bank JSC is analyzed. In the third chapter, new credit products for individuals were developed in Alfa-Bank JSC; recommendations were developed to improve the methodology for assessing the creditworthiness of individuals. In conclusion, the general conclusions based on the results of the study are formulated.

Работа состоит из: введения, трех глав, заключения, приложения и библиографического списка. В первой главе "Теоретические аспекты потребительского кредита" рассмотрены основные понятия, виды и сущность кредитования. Вторая глава направлена на регулирование и организация потребительского кредитования в Китае. В третьей главе даны актуальные направления развитие потребительского кредитования в Китае. / The work consists of: introduction, three chapters, conclusion, appendix and bibliographic list. The first chapter "Theoretical aspects of consumer credit" discusses the basic concepts, types and essence of lending. The second chapter is aimed at regulating and organizing consumer lending in China. The third chapter provides current directions for the development of consumer lending in China.

Стабильность и эффективность работы коммерческого банка зависит от того, насколько грамотно сформирована его организационная структура, где огромную долю занимает организация кредитного процесса. Основной задачей банков является выдача кредитов, а кредит – это безусловно опора для современной экономики, неотъемлемый элемент экономического развития страны. Кредитование на сегодняшний используют как физические, так и юридические лица, иными словами кредитами пользуются все, начиная с государства и правительства и заканчивая гражданами. Целью выпускной квалификационной работы является исследование теоретических и практических аспектов управления кредитным портфелем и оценка эффективности данного процесса в ПАО Сбербанк. Теоретическая значимость диссертационного исследования заключается в том, что его результаты расширяют теоретическую базу для комплексного подхода исследования эффективности управления портфеля потребительского кредитования. Практическая значимость ВКР обусловлена тем, что содержащиеся в нем выводы, предложения и экономически обоснованные рекомендации позволяют улучшить финансовое состояние ПАО Сбербанк, усовершенствовать эффективность управления кредитным портфелем. / The stability and efficiency of a commercial bank depends on how well its organizational structure is formed, where a huge share is taken by the organization of the credit process. The main task of banks is to issue loans, and credit is certainly a support for the modern economy, an integral element of the country's economic development. Lending today is used by both individuals and legal entities, in other words, loans are used by everyone, starting with the state and the government and ending with citizens. The purpose of the final qualification work is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of credit portfolio management and to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in Sberbank. The theoretical significance of the dissertation research lies in the fact that its results expand the theoretical basis for a comprehensive approach to the study of the effectiveness of consumer credit portfolio management. The practical significance of the WRC is due to.

The main theme of this thesis is the non-banking- loans- companies and its medial portrait. The thesis formulates the basic hypotheses related to social status and reputation of non-banking companies. As the research method there was chosen the quantitative content analysis. The research sample consists of the daily papers Hospodářské noviny, MF DNES and some selected economic and political magazines. The research period was divided in two parts: March - June 2010 and September - December 2010. The thesis contents two analysis: the first one contents the results of surveys of the company called Provident Financial. The second one is an analysis of advertising in the daily papers MF DNES and Hospodářské noviny. The results of the analysis of advertising didn't confirm one of the main hypotheses assuming that the non-banking -loans- companies have any impact on the content of investigated media. And vice versa, other hypotheses were confirmed by results of the quantitative content analysis. The result of the analysis is that the non-banking-loans- companies are presented as companies working within the standards of law and which are entitled to a place in the financial market.

I dagens samhälle sporras konsumenter till att konsumera mer och mer. En anledning till att konsumenter idag konsumerar mer än tidigare är att pengar idag är mer lättillgängliga än de tidigare varit. Det har lett till att fler tar konsumtionslån, vilket är en riskfylld affär för de banker som bistår konsumenter med lån. Bankerna utsätts för en kreditrisk i samband med att de beviljat ett lån utan säkerhet. Författarna till den här studien har ett stort intresse inom ekonomi och konsumtion och således upptäcktes även intresset för riskerna som bankerna står inför i de här sammanhangen. Studiens författare uppmärksammade att det fanns en ytterst begränsad mängd tidigare forskning inom ämnet och önskade därmed att fylla den identifierade kunskapsluckan. Studien syftade att besvara vilka faktorer svenska banker beaktar vid en kreditbedömning och hur en sådan utförs för konsumtionslån. Utöver det syftade studien även att besvara hur bankerna bedömt de risker de utsätts för i samband med konsumtionslån, hur riskerna påverkade bankernas riskstrategier samt hur bankerna beaktade konsumenternas beteende i riskbedömningarna. Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ metod. Teori samlades in och bearbetades från 18 vetenskapligt granskade artiklar. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju olika svenska banker utfördes. Intervjupersonerna valdes ut baserat på den kunskap och erfarenhet de besatt inom kredit och riskbedömning. Således hade de intervjuade roller i form av kreditchefer, kontorschefer, kreditspecialister och senior credit riskmanager. De intervjuade bankerna valdes ut i vetskap om att de representerar olika delar av marknaden, vilket skapade en större variation och bredd i det insamlade datamaterialet. Således intervjuades storbanker, medelstora banker och nischbanker. Av studien har det framkommit att de främsta faktorerna bankerna tog hänsyn till vid en kreditbedömning, var kundens inkomst och återbetalningsförmåga. I studien visade det sig även att bankerna identifierade kundens vilja och förmåga att återbetala ett lån, som de största riskerna som bankerna möts av. Bankerna tog även hänsyn till kunders beteende, dock i olika utsträckning, vid riskbedömningarna. Bankerna tillämpade olika typer av riskklassificeringsmodeller som riskbedömningen och räntenivån baserades på. Det skilde sig mellan bankerna i huruvida de såg konsumtionslån som lönsamma. Dock ansåg de flesta bankerna att konsumtionslån inte var den mest lönsamma låneprodukten. / In today's society consumers are regularly encouraged to consume more and more. One reason that people today consume more than people used to are that money nowadays are more easily accessible than they were before. This has led to more people applying for unsecured smaller loans, which is a risky business for banks that grants these kinds of loans. The banks put themselves in risk of consumers not being able to pay them back when they grant unsecured loans. This papers authors have an interest in both economy and consumption and therefor also discovered an interest in the risks that banks put themselves in when granting unsecured loans. The authors discovered that there was a limited amount of earlier research available on the subject. An aim for this paper therefore was to identify which factors the banks consider when assessing a credit loan application and how the bank make the assessments. Furthermore, this paper aims to identify the risks that the banks put themselves in when granting this kind of loan, how the risks affect the banks risk strategies and how the banks take in consideration consumers behaviour when the banks make their risk assessments. This paper was conducted by a qualitative method. Theory was assembled from 18 peer reviewed articles. Seven semi structured interviews where held with representatives from seven different Swedish banks. The persons being interviewed where chosen based on the knowledge and experience they possessed in credit and risk assessment. Therefore, the people that were asked to take part in the interviews worked as credit managers, office managers and credit risk managers. The banks that contributed with an interview where chosen with knowledge that they would represent different parts of the market, wishing to create a bigger variation and a depth in the data material. The interviewed persons represented bigger banks, medium sized banks and nichebanks. In the empiricism the study shows that the main factors that banks consider when they assess these kinds of loans are the customers income and assessed ability to repay the loans. The banks identified both the customers' ability and their will to repay the loan, as the biggest risk they faced. They also considered how customers behave. The study shows that banks applied different kinds of risk scoring models that they based the risk assessment and interest rate on. From the study it shows that banks differ in their view on whether these types of loans are profitable, although most of the banks did not consider them to be profitable

This thesis is mapping current situation in the area of consumer lending, shows main reasons and impacts of overindebtedness and also its connetion to consumer lending. The target is to suggest appropriate regulation to lower the rate of overindebtedness, that exists in this area due to the absence of regulation in the area of consumer lending in Czech republic. Suggested regulation insures higher consumer protection and compact rules for all the partcipants on the consumer lending market. It also collects complex information about clients and their debt ratio. It has advantages for all participants.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию организации потребительского кредитования, проблем и современных тенденций развития. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе организации потребительского кредитования. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является разработка рекомендаций и мероприятий по развитию потребительского кредитования в ПАО «Сбербанк России». В заключении подводятся итоги проведенного исследования, делаются основные выводы. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of the organization of consumer lending, problems and current trends. The subject of the research is the economic relations arising in the process of organization of consumer lending. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to develop recommendations and measures for the development of consumer lending in PJSC «Sberbank of Russia». In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized, the main conclusions are made.