The present research is carried out from the viewpoint of primarily space applications where human lives may be in danger if they are to work under these conditions. This work proposes to develop a one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) force-reflecting manual controller (FRMC) prototype for teleoperation, and address the effects of time delays commonly found in space applications where the control is accomplished via the earth-based control stations. To test the FRMC, a mobile robot (PPRK) and a slider-bar were developed and integrated to the 1-DOF FRMC. The software developed in Visual Basic is able to telecontrol any platform that uses an SV203 controller through the internet and it allows the remote system to send feedback information which may be in the form of visual or force signals. Time delay experiments were conducted on the platform and the effects of time delay on the FRMC system operation have been studied and delineated.

The aim of this master's thesis is to design an extension of the existing simulation system for designing traffic intersections. The required extension will allow the use of the Siemens sX traffic controllers. The introduction to the topic of traffic engineering, traffic controllers configuration and the dynamic traffic control is discussed first. The next part is dedicated to describing the implementation of the existing simulation system. The following chapter describes the use of the sX traffic controllers and also describes the design of the required extension of the existing simulation system, for a purpose of enabling the use of sX traffic controllers. This is followed by a chapter describing the implementation of this extension. The last chapter is devoted to testing the whole system in terms of functionality and performance. Finally, other possibilities for the future development are outlined.

Sustainability is a universal topic that has gained in significance during the last decade due to the increased risks for society as well as the environment itself. Therefore, a lot more attention is given to how companies disclose upon their impact on environment, society and governance. This paper aims to pick up on criticism to sustainability reporting regarding the variety of different frameworks surrounding this topic and investigate upon how companies use them to create their reports and if, in their opinion, unification can be reached in the nearby future. The second objective of this thesis is to explore upon and collect knowledge regarding the developing role of the new profession of the ESG/Sustainability controller. To reach the research objectives and collect sufficient data, semi-structured, qualitative interviews have been conducted with six companies and their respective sustainability reporting responsible. Previous research points out that the ‘arena’ of sustainability reporting frameworks has become too dense. This has led to companies firstly struggling to navigate through the enormous amount of regulations and guidelines, secondly adversely affected the implementation of harmonization within sustainability reporting and thirdly using their reports as marketing tools. These theoretical findings have been mostly supported by the results of this thesis. Almost all of the interviewed companies have adopted a common index, called GRI, that builds their sustainability disclosure base. However, the findings of this thesis point out that their efforts, to go beyond this reporting guideline, can be connected to motives that are either of external, operational, transparency or recruitment nature. Even though companies would wish for a common, unified reporting framework, such as the upcoming inclusion of CSRD in the future, and see potential advantages, there are some specific, current challenges that have to be overcome first regarding sustainability reporting. Nevertheless, from the data analyzed it is evident that companies are looking forward to this new, mandatory reporting regulation and prepare themselves adequately and intensively. The results of the qualitative study regarding the development of the new controller profession further suggests that the ESG/Sustainability controller has a broad post-graduate background, however, not only in business administration. One reason is that the tasks of this new profession vary by quite some margin from traditional controlling tasks and their responsibilities also go beyond merely preparing, analyzing financial reports and supporting management, but are dedicated to the sustainability reporting process and other sustainability projects.

This study was conducted at the Swedish Defense research agency as an attempt to understand affordances and limitations in visualizing altitude information for fighter controllers. The fighter controllers are subject to large quantities of numerical information from multiple sources simultaneously. Their duties are highly stressful and require large mental workload and situational awareness. Today, a large portion of information is represented visually, except for altitude. The altitude of a jet is represented only numerically on the screen, next to the icon representing an airplane. This thesis attempts to aid the users in their tasks, by determining if interactive visual information could benefit the current system. This study resulted in one prototype, where height was represented in three different ways, one using color coordination, one using different sizes and one mimicked the current numerical representation. These variations were evaluated in a user study, consisting of semi structured interviews along with benchmark tests. None of the suggested visual cues could be demonstrated as more efficient than the current representation, but a majority of participants preferred the version using varying sizes as this was considered more intuitive and held less limitations than the other version. Future research is encouraged as to successfully determine if altitude information can be visually represented for a decreased mental workload. / Denna studie genomfördes vid Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut som ett försök att utreda möjligheter och svårigheter med att visuellt presentera information om altitud för flygstridsledare. Flygstridsledare utsätts för stora mängder numerisk information, från ett flertal olika källor simultant. Derad uppgifter utförs under hög stress och kräver stor mental belastning samt situationsmedvetenhet. Idag representeras en stor mängd information visuellt, på flygstridsledarens radarskärm, med undantaget för höjden. Ett objekts altitud på skärmen representeras alltid numeriskt, bredvid ikonen för flygplan. Detta arbete har gjorts i avsikt att hjälpa flygstridsledaren i dennes uppgifter, genom att utreda om interaktiv visuell information kan vara av nytta för deras nuvarande system. Denna studie resulterade i en prototyp, i vilken höjd representerades på tre olika sätt. Genom färg med varierande opacitet, genom olika storlekar på objekten, samt den nuvarande numeriska metoden. Dessa versioner utvärderades i en användarstudie, bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer samt benchmark test. Ingen av de föreslagna visualiseringarna kunde påvisas mer effektiv än det nuvarande systemet, men en majoritet av deltagarna föredrog versionen med varierande storlekar, eftersom detta ansågs mer intuitivt samt hade färre begränsningar. Vidare studier uppmanas för att med framgång avgöra om altituden kan representeras visuellt, för en minskad mental belastning.

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Master’s thesis describes adaptive optimal controller design which change parameters of algorithm based on the system information regard for optimal criterion. Generally, the optimal controller solves the problem of minimum states vector. Problems of desired value and steady-state error are solved by variation in optimization algorithm.

Examensarbete, civilekonomprogrammet inriktning Controller, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet, Växjö.  Kurskod 4FE18E, 30hp, VT2019   Författare: Mikael Bergström och Louise Samuelsson Handledare: Elin Funck   Titel: Controllerns roll - från generalisering till nyansering   Bakgrund: I takt med att företagen och dess ekonomistyrning utvecklats sägs controllerrollen gått från att vara en beancounter till en affärsinriktad business partner. Det finns dock en oenighet i hur, och hur långt, utvecklingen skett och argument har förts fram att det fullständiga skiftet inte materialiserats utan att det istället är en hybridiserad roll som syns. Trots att det öppnats upp för att det är en heterogen roll har det linjära tänket kring rollens utveckling lett till generaliseringar och otydligheter i hur rollen beskrivs.   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera olika faktorer som påverkar rollen för controllers samt förklara hur dessa faktorer påverkar controllers i olika riktningar och mot olika roller. Ambitionen och det övergripande syftet är därmed att generera en djupgående kunskap och förståelse samt att nyansera bilden av controllerrollen.   Metod: Studien centrerar kring en kvalitativ intervjustudie av studieobjektet controllers. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med controllers på tre stora företag inom den tillverkande sektorn för att ge en relevant bredd till det empiriska materialet.   Slutsatser: Ett bidrag ges till teorin dels genom resultatet som visar att det är en hybridiserad roll som återfinns men också genom att olika faktorer som påverkar rollen har identifierats samt diskuterats och använts för att nyansera och urskilja olika inriktningar av rollen utifrån vilken nivå eller position controllern jobbar på. Förväntningar och uppfattningar ses påverka genom att möjliggöra och öppna upp för en bred och inkluderande roll och erfarenhet ses påverka arbets- och förhållningssättet till att bli mer aktivt och med ett förändrat analytiskt tillvägagångssätt. I och med att mönster har kunnat urskiljas vad gäller arbetsuppgifter och handlingar samt vad som är viktig kunskap, kompetens och egenskaper i förhållande till den organisatoriska positionen ses dessa i kombination påverka rollen i olika riktningar. Alla positioner och nivåer ses innehålla drag av rollbeskrivningen analytiker. Ledningsnivån samt positionen finance ses också påverkas åt coach, positionerna RnD, logistik och produktion påverkar åt pedagog och positionen redovisning åt kamrer. Sist ses arbete på den operativa nivån påverka rollen åt såväl pedagog som kamrer. / Degree Project in Controlling, The Business Administration and Economics Programme. School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus university, Växjö. Course code 4FE18E, 30 credits. Spring semester 2019   Authors: Mikael Bergström and Louise Samuelsson Supervisor: Elin Funck   Title: The controller role - from generalization to nuance   Background: As the companies and their management accounting has developed, the controller role is said to have gone from that of a beancounter towards a business oriented business partner. However, there is a disagreement in how, and how far, the development has gone and arguments has been made that the complete transition has not materialized, and that the role can rather be seen as a hybrid. Despite the fact that the theoretical framework has opened up for a heterogenous role, the linear thinking in regards to the development of the role has led to generalisations and ambiguity in how the role is described.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify different factors that affect the roles for controllers, as well as explaining how these factors affect controllers in various directions and towards various roles. The ambition along with the general purpose is therefore to generate a deeper knowledge and understanding as well as painting a more nuanced picture of controllers and their different roles in a company.   Method: The thesis is centered around a qualitative interview study of controllers as a professional group. Semi-structured interviews have been performed with controllers from three large manufacturing companies in order to provide a relevant depth and width for the empirical material.      Conclusions: A contribution is made to the theoretical framework, in part through the result of the thesis that conclude a hybridization of the role. The second contribution is that various factors that affect the role have been identified as well as discussed and utilized in order to distinguish different directions of the role pending on what level or in which position the controller is active. Expectations and opinions are seen to affect and open up for a broad and including role, while experience affect how controllers work as well as their analytical approach in different assignments. Patterns have emerged in regard to assignments, actions, important attributes and competencies that, combined with the organizational aspect, is seen to push the role in different directions. In accordance with this, all positions and levels include the role of analyst to some degree. Additionally, the managerial level as well as the position of finance show signs that point to a coach-role, the positions of RnD, logistics and production include an educator-perspective, and the position of accounting connect to the role of a chamberlain. Lastly, the operational level show signs of pushing the role towards that of both an educator and a chamberlain.

The popularity of distributed generating (DG) sources have been increasing over the past few years. With the increasing penetration of these DGs, the concept of micro grid is becoming popular. A micro grid is a small power system network with distributed generating sources which can operate seamlessly irrespective of the presence of the utility grid. Operating the micro grid in this manner increases system reliability and reduces power interruptions. However, it introduces several control challenges. This thesis aims at analysing the behaviour of a micro grid system during the transition between grid connected mode and islanded mode of operation and address the control challenges through novel schemes. With the presence of grid, the micro grid system variables, such as voltage and frequency, are strictly regulated by the grid. The local sources follow the voltage and frequency reference set by the grid and supply constant power. With the loss of grid, that is when the system is islanded, the network variables need to be regulated by the local sources. The control structures for the inverter-based sources during the two operating modes are detailed in the present work. With the loss of grid, the system should be able to transfer seamlessly to islanded mode without any transients. Similarly, when the grid supply is restored, the micro grid should seamlessly resynchronize to the grid without any transients. This thesis proposes two novel controller schemes for achieving seamless transfer between grid-connected and islanded mode in micro grids. The rst scheme uses an output feedback topology to reduce the transitions during mode transfer. The second scheme uses a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) theory based compensator to achieve seamless transfer. The performance of the proposed schemes have been validated through simulations on a benchmark micro grid network for various operating conditions. An experimental micro grid set-up is developed with a single inverter based DG source. The droop control scheme for islanded mode of operation has been validated on hardware.