The aim of this multiple and independent quantitative and qualitative methods study was to investigate the relevance of Facebook groups for doctoral students during their dissertation process. A convenience sampling approach was used to survey quantitatively the Texas A&M Ed.D. online doctoral students who met the inclusion criteria. The participants completed a valid, web-based survey using the Doctoral Student Connectedness Scale (DSCS, Terrell et al., 2009). Purposeful sampling was used to recruit a sub-sample of participants who subsequently responded to semi-structured interview questions via web conferencing. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics using SPSS for Mac. Content analysis of the qualitative data was performed using QSR NVivo 11 software. Ethnographic and Thematic analysis used Saldaña’s (2013) two-stage eclectic coding, where emergent themes helped explain the quantitative analysis results. These results revealed that student-to-student regular communications was the only DSCS indicator proven to be statistically/practically significant. While the quantitative results of this study were inconsistent with the results of previous studies, the qualitative data provided additional understanding of the indicators regarding the student-to-student connectedness factor and the CoP by offering their theoretical themes and their emerging themes described as alternate communications. These preferred forms of communication added perspective to low-quality relationships by further explaining that students abandoned the cohort Facebook group due to an institutional procedure designed to divide the cohort into smaller thematic groups. Because the success expressed by the doctoral student cohort group failed to be reproduced in the smaller thematic groups, it is recommended that newly structured thematic constructs incorporate the student input presented in this study.

Climate change will undeniably be this century’s greatest challenge. The complexity and moral ambiguity of the problem entail severe difficulties in achieving unanimous conceptions of an equitable burden-sharing formula. It is additionally intrinsically intertwined with and an amplifier of social injustices, placing issues of justice at the forefront of climate agendas. The Paris Agreement remarked on the necessary breakthrough in climate negotiations and a ground-breaking switch in climate diplomacy. Nonetheless, much remains unclear when it comes to its achievements; has it eradicated old negotiation deadlocks between North and South, and how have conceptualizations of climate justice evolved. With a critical discourse analysis and lens of distributive climate justice, the thesis studies discursive practices at COP21 and COP26 with the aspiration of unveiling changes in discursive constructions of climate justice. Discoveries made indicate that developed and developing countries continue to construct climate justice on widely different normative grounds. Particularistic notions of climate justice persist and undermine abilities to foster socially shared solutions to climate change. This research provides revised and valuable insights into contemporary climate action under the Paris Agreement. Exposing discursive practices is vital to understand the underlying dynamics that produce the social reality of climate justice.

Heat production accounted in 2021 for 50 % of the energy end use globally, where a strongconnection to fossil sources still exists. Large-scale electrical heat pumps can therefore have akey role in the energy system to enable a decreased reliance on fossil fuels and at the same timecontribute to stable system when incorporating more intermittent renewable sources. To operatea heat pump, a working fluid i.e., refrigerant is required. Historically these substances havebeen ozone depleting with a significant global warming potential. Applied regulations andlegislations have therefore limited the substances possible to implement. This study therefore focuses on investigating potential future refrigerants in LSHPs, by studying both current and potential future legislations and regulations but also the potential performanceof the substances. The performance was evaluated for two operational condition cases wherethe first focused on meeting the supply and demand of a third generation district heating systemwith an evaporation temperature of 0 °C. The second case investigated a middle temperature industrial process with an evaporation temperature of 33 °C. For both cases a two-stage compressor heat pump cycle was considered. Substances available in the database REFPROP were considered, where legislations and regulations, classifications, thermodynamic properties, and the performance were investigated. Substances not fulfilling the set criterions were eliminated. Seven substances were then investigated in depth where e.g., the volume flow rate, performance, operational electricity cost and both footprint and cost of the evaporator were considered. All substances were investigated both with and without an internal liquid-suction HEX, to investigate how such component potentially could affect the performance. The result of the study shows that environmental, safety aspects and thermodynamic propertieshave a large impact on possible refrigerants, with a decrease from 160 available substances to20 possible for each case. If an evaporation pressure in the vacuum range or a transcritical cyclewould have been investigated the number of possible refrigerants would increase. Out of the 20possible substances, seven substances namely isobutane, butane, isobutene, butene, propane,perfluoropentane and isopentane were chosen for further investigation. The performance andelectrical operational cost can be concluded to be fairly similar, with an increase when includingan internal liquid-suction HEX. The performance for case 2, is although slightly higher, whereperfluoropentane performs superior. The high GWP value for perfluoropentane however limitsits possibility to be used. Lastly the size and cost of the evaporator was investigated. It couldbe concluded that case 1 required a smaller design than case 2, related to the size of the HTCvalue.

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The public opinion on the favourability towards the police varies greatly in the different populations in the United States. This is a corpus linguistic study that investigates a possible change in semantic prosody of the word cop. The study also investigates the distribution of the keyword in the different subcorpora to see if it has driven an overall change in the semantic prosody. The source is the Corpus of Historical American English, dating from 1800 to 2009. The Corpus of Historical American English is divided into four subcategories that have a median of 51% fictional material throughout the corpus. The four subcategories in the corpus are fiction, news, popular magazines, and non-fictional books. The data are divided into two categories, the first one being the positive/neutral category and the second category being the negative category. Neutral/positive is when cop is used with neutral or positive connotations and the negative is when cop is used with negative connotations. The period studied is that of 1859 to 2009 and this time span is divided into four periods to be more manageable. The distribution of the word in the subcorpora shows that the cop is used mostly in fictional material. The results show that the use of cop in contextual positive or neutral situations increase during the time span. To further this matter additional studies on cop in other corpora from America and other parts of the speaking world would benefit the knowledge on the noun’s semantic prosody and to further knowledge in the public opinion on the police. / Befolkningens attityd i de Förenta staterna varierar kraftigt mellan olika grupperingarna inom landet. Detta är en korpuslingvistisk studie som undersöker en möjlig semantisk prosodisk förändring hos ordet cop. Studien utgår ifrån Corpus of Historical American English som dateras mellan 1800 – 2009. Den semantiska prosodin undersöks genom att dela in träffarna i två kategorier, användning i neutral/positiv semantisk prosodi och användning i negativ semantisk prosodi. Studien undersöker även distributionen av ordet i korpusens underkorpus för att se om distributionen kan ha en koppling till semantisk prosodi. Underkorpusen är skönlitteratur, nyheter, populärmagasin och icke skönlitterära böcker. Tidsperioden som undersöks är 1859 – 2009 och denna period delas in i fyra mindre, mer hanterbara perioder. Resultatet visar att cop använts i en majoritet av skönlitterära texter i korpusen. Undersökningen visar att det finns en majoritet av negativ semantisk prosodisk användning under period 1 och 2. Period 3 skiftar lite mellan kategorierna men från 1940 hamnar cop i neutrala/positiv majoritet och Period 4 har en stark positiv semantisk prosodisk trend. Studien visar att cop har genomgått en förändring i ordets semantiska prosodi från negativ till neutral/positiv. För att utöka kunskapen kring detta ämne skulle fler undersökningar i fler korpus från de Förenta staterna och resten av den engelsktalande världen behöva göras. Detta skulle öka kunskapen kring ordets semantiska prosodi och kunna ge viss insikt i den offentliga attityden gentemot polisväsendet.

Submitted by SILVANA ROCHA DA SILVEIRA null (silvana.silveira@anhanguera.com) on 2017-11-29T13:04:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Análise do comportamento do centro de pressão (CoP) na posição ereta quieta em situação de aclive, declive e horizontal diante da movimentação cefálica..pdf: 2182243 bytes, checksum: fd39ef1b65f1cbb09db1e3c1d618854b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2017-11-29T14:23:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_sr_dr_guara.pdf: 2182243 bytes, checksum: fd39ef1b65f1cbb09db1e3c1d618854b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T14:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_sr_dr_guara.pdf: 2182243 bytes, checksum: fd39ef1b65f1cbb09db1e3c1d618854b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / O controle postural é um requisito imprescindível para a execução das habilidades motoras durante as tarefas das atividades de vida diária, logo, há a necessidade constante de ajuste dos segmentos corporais para garantir a autonomia e independência da mobilidade humana, dentro da conjuntura da acessibilidade. Os ajustes posturais são resultantes da interação do sistema sensório–motor e da sua correlação com o meio ambiente, produzindo orientação e estabilidade postural esperada durante a execução das atividades diárias, sendo ela estática ou dinâmica. Deste modo, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar o comportamento do centro de pressão na posição ereta quieta em situação de aclive, declive e horizontal diante da movimentação cefálica, entre três grupos com faixas etárias diferentes. O estudo transversal foi composto de 28 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em três grupos por faixas etárias (20 a 29 anos, 30 a 59 anos e acima de 60 anos), de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. O instrumento de avaliação constituiu-se por uma plataforma de força acoplada numa rampa com 15° e em um platô horizontal. A coleta dos dados seguiu um protocolo pré-determinado, envolvendo a posição ereta quieta com olhos abertos (OA), em quatro condições cefálicas, em três situações: aclive, declive e horizontal. Os dados obtidos foram trabalhados por meio do programa Matlab® e para a análise estatística foi aplicado o programa Action Start, utilizando a análise descritiva dos dados e o Teste Anova: fator único, Teste-t: duas amostras em par para média e Teste-t: duas amostras presumindo variâncias diferentes. Os resultados do presente estudo apontaram que a oscilação do CoP na posição ereta quieta com olhos abertos, se alteram diante das condições em que o segmento cefálico encontra – se em movimento, independente das situações de aclive, declive e horizontal, principalmente nos grupos com faixa etária igual ou superior a 60 anos / Postural control is an essential requirement for the performance of motor skills during daily activities, so there is a constant need to adjust the body segments to ensure the autonomy and independence of human mobility, within the context of accessibility. Postural adjustments result from the interaction of the sensor - motor system and its correlation with the environment, producing orientation and postural stability expected during the execution of daily activities, being static or dynamic. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze and compare the behavior of the pressure center in the standing upright position in slope, slope and horizontal situation in front of the head movement, between three groups with different age groups. The cross-sectional study consisted of 28 individuals of both genders, divided into three groups by age group (20 to 29 years, 30 to 59 years and above 60 years), according to the inclusion criteria. The evaluation instrument consisted of a force platform coupled on a ramp with 15 ° and a horizontal plateau. Data collection followed a predetermined protocol, involving the standing upright position with open eyes (OA), in four cephalic conditions, in three situations - slope, slope and horizontal. The data obtained were worked through the Matlab® program and for the statistical analysis the Action program was applied using descriptive data analysis and the Anova test: single factor, t-test: two samples in pairs for mean and t-test: Two samples assuming different variances. The results of the present study pointed out that the oscillation of the CoP in the quiet standing position with open eyes, are altered by the conditions in which the cephalic segment is in motion, independent of slope, slope and horizontal situations, Aged 60 years or over

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-12T17:40:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_Gutenberg da Silva Pereira_1.pdf: 6410667 bytes, checksum: ddf1e84a9a1b8bcce71836f13e8707fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T17:40:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_Gutenberg da Silva Pereira_1.pdf: 6410667 bytes, checksum: ddf1e84a9a1b8bcce71836f13e8707fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Com a atual escassez de energia, alta demanda e aumento do custo da energia elétrica, verifica-se que uma questão importante é a melhoria da eficiência dos sistemas de climatização dentro de um padrão de eficiência certificado possibilita-se, assim, para uma comparação real de qual é a melhor opção de layout e operação dos sistemas, já que os sistemas de climatização são responsáveis por uma alta parcela do consumo energético. O presente trabalho se propõe a comparar dois sistemas de refrigeração diferentes, usando chiller de compressão de vapor, para a climatização de ambientes. Foram propostas diferentes modalidades para a comparação em operações isoladas e ações combinadas. Essas operações são avaliadas nos conceitos de edifícios verdes. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático baseado nos princípios de conservação de massa e energia, complementado por várias funções, de modo a determinar as propriedades termofísicas e eficiências dos compressores. O modelo avalia a influência dos parâmetros operacionais principais do sistema de refrigeração a água gelada operando em três configurações diferentes. As equações do modelo foram resolvidas pelo programa EES (Engineering Equation Solver). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema com compressão diferenciada apresenta COP igual ao do sistema com chiller parafuso na faixa de 0 a 300 TRs, e um COP superior em média de 9% na faixa de 400 a 800 TRs. / With the current energy shortages, high demand and rising cost of electricity, it turns out that an important issue is the improvement of the air conditioning efficiency within a standard of efficiency certificate for a real comparison of what is the better layout option and operation of systems, as the HVAC systems account for a high share of energy consumption. This study aims to compare two different cooling systems using vapor compression chiller for air conditioning environments. They were different proposals modalities for comparison in isolated and combined action operations. These transactions are valued on the concepts of green buildings. A mathematical model was developed based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy, supplemented with various functions in order to determine the thermophysical properties and efficiencies of the compressors. The model evaluates the influence of the main operating parameters of the cold water cooling system operating in three different configurations. The model equations were solved by EES program (Engineering Equation Solver). The results showed that the system presents differentiated compression COP equal to the screw chiller systems in the range from 0 to 300 RTs and a higher COP (average of 9%) in the range of 400 to 800 TR.

Thesis describes the procedures for evaluating performance parameters of heat pumps COP, SCOP (coefficient of perfomance, seasonal coefficient of perfomance). It is focused on the most common types of heat pumps in european geographical conditions, heat pumps air-water, water-water, brine-water.

Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-27T19:36:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elze Camila Ferreira Rodrigue.pdf: 1208562 bytes, checksum: b180d45cf2a6c36efc292d8a761f0281 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:36:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elze Camila Ferreira Rodrigue.pdf: 1208562 bytes, checksum: b180d45cf2a6c36efc292d8a761f0281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologia / During the fifteenth edition of the Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC, the Brazilian diplomatic representation took a voluntary commitment to reduce national emissions of greenhouse gas effect. This was an outstanding event in the international climate change regime and in the trajectory of Brazilian environmental foreign policy because of the country's pioneering among the intermediaries economies that do not belong to Annex I. This attitude of Brazilian diplomacy is a part of the framework experienced by environmental multilateralism where the traditional division between North-South includes now the intermediate category of emerging economies. The performance of Brazil and other countries in that category was reflected in the discussions in the years after COP-15. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of Brazilian diplomacy between the COP-15 and COP-21 concerning the challenges of climate change and multilateralism. Therefore, it is an analysis of the Brazilian environmental foreign policy during this period as well as a comparison with the performance of the BASIC countries in the same timeline / Durante a décima quinta edição da Conferência das Partes da UNFCCC, a representação diplomática brasileira assumiu para o país um compromisso voluntário de redução das emissões nacionais de gases causadores do efeito estufa. Tal evento foi marcante no regime emissões nacionais de gases causadores do efeito estufa. Tal evento foi marcante no regime por conta do pioneirismo do país entre os intermediários que não pertencem ao Anexo I. Essa atitude da diplomacia brasileira é parte da conjuntura vivida pelo multilateralismo ambiental em que a tradicional clivagem Norte-Sul ganhava também a categoria intermediária das economias emergentes. A atuação do Brasil e de outros países dessa categoria teve reflexos nos debates nos anos posteriores à COP-15. O objetivo desse trabalho é, assim, analisar a atuação da diplomacia brasileira entre a COP-15 e a COP-21 diante dos desafios das mudanças climáticas e do multilateralismo. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise da política externa ambiental do país neste período, bem como um paralelo com a atuação dos países do BASIC na mesma cronologia

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