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Modelagem da poluição atmosférica em São Paulo utilizando inventários de emissões veiculares bottom-up / Air pollution modeling in São Paulo using bottom-up vehicular emissions inventoriesEspinosa, Sergio Alejandro Ibarra 27 October 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, investiga-se o impacto de diferentes cenários de inventários de emissões veiculares na qualidade do ar nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo, Baixada Santista, Vale do Paraíba, Sorocaba e Campinas. A construção de inventários de emissões veiculares bottom-up é complexa, tendo que agregar informações diversas, como a composição da frota veicular (com a distribuição de idade, tipos de veículos, tipos de combustível) e os processos emissores (fatores de emissão para partidas a frio, emissões de escapamento e evaporativas). Além disso, para modelos de qualidade do ar, estas emissões ainda devem ser distribuídas no tempo e no espaço. Os cenários foram construidos utilizando diferentes fontes de dados, destacando-se as simulações de tráfego e contagem de veículos da CET e SPTRANS, e registros de deslocamentos de veículos através de GPS para a distribuição espaço-temporal do fluxo veicular. Para o cálculo de emissões foi desenvolvido um software open source chamado VEIN (Vehicular Emissions Inventories, disponível em https://github.com/ibarraespinosa/vein). As emissões simuladas para as regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo são maiores do que as emissões estimadas pela CETESB para todos os poluentes. A partir destes cenários, foram realizadas simulações de qualidade do ar com o modelo WRF-Chem. Os resultados variam para os diferentes poluentes. De uma forma geral, a variação diurna dos poluentes é bem simulada, mostrando que as emissões estão consistentes. Apesar dos maiores valores de emissão encontrados neste trabalho, as concentrações simuladas dos poluentes primários foi, em média, menor do que as concentrações observadas. Isto provavelmente é decorrente do fato dos ventos simulados serem mais fortes do que os ventos observados. Este trabalho mostra novos métodos para desenvolver inventários de emissões com diferentes dados fornecendo um novo enfoque para compreender os problemas de qualidade do ar. / In this work, the impact of different vehicle emission inventory scenarios on air quality in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Baixada Santista, Vale do Paraíba, Sorocaba and Campinas is investigated. The construction of bottom-up vehicular emissions inventories is complex, being necessary to aggregate diverse information, such as the composition of the vehicle fleet (with the distribution of age, types of vehicles, types of fuel) and the emitting processes (emission factors for cold starts, exhaust and evaporative emissions). In addition, for air quality models, these emissions must still be distributed in time and space. The scenarios were constructed using different data sources, highlighting traffic simulations and vehicle counting of CET and SPTRANS, and records of vehicular displacements through GPS for the spatial-temporal distribution of vehicular flow. For the calculation of emissions, an open source software called VEIN (Vehicular Emissions Inventories, available at https://github.com/ibarraespinosa/vein) was developed. The simulated emissions for the metropolitan regions of São Paulo are larger than the emissions estimated by CETESB for all pollutants. From these scenarios, air quality simulations were performed with the WRF-Chem model. The results vary for different pollutants. In general, the daily variation of the pollutants is well simulated, showing that emissions are consistent. Despite the higher emission values found in this work, the simulated concentrations of the primary pollutants were, on average, lower than the observed concentrations. This is probably due to the fact that the simulated winds are stronger than the observed winds. This work shows new methods to develop emission inventories with different data providing a new approach to understanding air quality problems.
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Modelagem da poluição atmosférica em São Paulo utilizando inventários de emissões veiculares bottom-up / Air pollution modeling in São Paulo using bottom-up vehicular emissions inventoriesSergio Alejandro Ibarra Espinosa 27 October 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, investiga-se o impacto de diferentes cenários de inventários de emissões veiculares na qualidade do ar nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo, Baixada Santista, Vale do Paraíba, Sorocaba e Campinas. A construção de inventários de emissões veiculares bottom-up é complexa, tendo que agregar informações diversas, como a composição da frota veicular (com a distribuição de idade, tipos de veículos, tipos de combustível) e os processos emissores (fatores de emissão para partidas a frio, emissões de escapamento e evaporativas). Além disso, para modelos de qualidade do ar, estas emissões ainda devem ser distribuídas no tempo e no espaço. Os cenários foram construidos utilizando diferentes fontes de dados, destacando-se as simulações de tráfego e contagem de veículos da CET e SPTRANS, e registros de deslocamentos de veículos através de GPS para a distribuição espaço-temporal do fluxo veicular. Para o cálculo de emissões foi desenvolvido um software open source chamado VEIN (Vehicular Emissions Inventories, disponível em https://github.com/ibarraespinosa/vein). As emissões simuladas para as regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo são maiores do que as emissões estimadas pela CETESB para todos os poluentes. A partir destes cenários, foram realizadas simulações de qualidade do ar com o modelo WRF-Chem. Os resultados variam para os diferentes poluentes. De uma forma geral, a variação diurna dos poluentes é bem simulada, mostrando que as emissões estão consistentes. Apesar dos maiores valores de emissão encontrados neste trabalho, as concentrações simuladas dos poluentes primários foi, em média, menor do que as concentrações observadas. Isto provavelmente é decorrente do fato dos ventos simulados serem mais fortes do que os ventos observados. Este trabalho mostra novos métodos para desenvolver inventários de emissões com diferentes dados fornecendo um novo enfoque para compreender os problemas de qualidade do ar. / In this work, the impact of different vehicle emission inventory scenarios on air quality in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Baixada Santista, Vale do Paraíba, Sorocaba and Campinas is investigated. The construction of bottom-up vehicular emissions inventories is complex, being necessary to aggregate diverse information, such as the composition of the vehicle fleet (with the distribution of age, types of vehicles, types of fuel) and the emitting processes (emission factors for cold starts, exhaust and evaporative emissions). In addition, for air quality models, these emissions must still be distributed in time and space. The scenarios were constructed using different data sources, highlighting traffic simulations and vehicle counting of CET and SPTRANS, and records of vehicular displacements through GPS for the spatial-temporal distribution of vehicular flow. For the calculation of emissions, an open source software called VEIN (Vehicular Emissions Inventories, available at https://github.com/ibarraespinosa/vein) was developed. The simulated emissions for the metropolitan regions of São Paulo are larger than the emissions estimated by CETESB for all pollutants. From these scenarios, air quality simulations were performed with the WRF-Chem model. The results vary for different pollutants. In general, the daily variation of the pollutants is well simulated, showing that emissions are consistent. Despite the higher emission values found in this work, the simulated concentrations of the primary pollutants were, on average, lower than the observed concentrations. This is probably due to the fact that the simulated winds are stronger than the observed winds. This work shows new methods to develop emission inventories with different data providing a new approach to understanding air quality problems.
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Model Simulation and Health Risk Assessment on Traffic-Induced Air Pollution in Urban Environments:A Case Study of Kyoto City, Japan / 都市環境における交通起源大気汚染のモデルシミュレ-ションと健康リスク評価:京都市でのケ-ススタディNorhidayah, Binti Abdull 23 September 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22766号 / 工博第4765号 / 新制||工||1745(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 米田 稔, 教授 高野 裕久, 准教授 藤森 真一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Road transportation impact on Ghana's future energy and environmentFaah, George 24 July 2009 (has links) (PDF)
This research work explored the environmental and socio-economic benefits derived, if some proportion of daily passenger trips made using private cars in Ghana could be shifted to the use of public transport. The research applied the computer software COPERT III in estimating road transport Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel consumption in Ghana for the base year 2005 and forecast years 2010 and 2020. The research reveals that if no major change occur in policies or economic determinants in meeting road transport and energy in Ghana, then the 2005 total emissions value is expected to rise by 36% in 2010 and over double in 2020 i.e. from 4.6 to 6.25 in 2010 and to 9.77 Mt CO2e in 2020. However, if just 10% of daily passenger trips using private cars can be shifted towards the use of public transport, then the end results in reduction in emissions could earn Ghana about $USD 6.6million/year under the Kyoto Protocol CDM initiative. The research also demonstrated that with a further 10% daily passenger trip shift, the outcome could be more promising, increasing to $USD 13million/year.
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Road transportation impact on Ghana's future energy and environmentFaah, George 24 July 2009 (has links)
This research work explored the environmental and socio-economic benefits derived, if some proportion of daily passenger trips made using private cars in Ghana could be shifted to the use of public transport. The research applied the computer software COPERT III in estimating road transport Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel consumption in Ghana for the base year 2005 and forecast years 2010 and 2020. The research reveals that if no major change occur in policies or economic determinants in meeting road transport and energy in Ghana, then the 2005 total emissions value is expected to rise by 36% in 2010 and over double in 2020 i.e. from 4.6 to 6.25 in 2010 and to 9.77 Mt CO2e in 2020. However, if just 10% of daily passenger trips using private cars can be shifted towards the use of public transport, then the end results in reduction in emissions could earn Ghana about $USD 6.6million/year under the Kyoto Protocol CDM initiative. The research also demonstrated that with a further 10% daily passenger trip shift, the outcome could be more promising, increasing to $USD 13million/year.
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