Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-25T11:34:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJWCS.pdf: 1378387 bytes, checksum: 8f4432b0959dda94e372b6cbb7dd8e7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:04:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJWCS.pdf: 1378387 bytes, checksum: 8f4432b0959dda94e372b6cbb7dd8e7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T19:05:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJWCS.pdf: 1378387 bytes, checksum: 8f4432b0959dda94e372b6cbb7dd8e7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T19:05:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJWCS.pdf: 1378387 bytes, checksum: 8f4432b0959dda94e372b6cbb7dd8e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-11 / Não recebi financiamento / Automatic Multidocument Summarizarion (AMS) is a computational alternative to process the large quantity of information available online. In AMS, we try to automatically generate a single coherent and cohesive summary from a set of documents which have same subject, each these documents are originate from different sources. Furthermore, some methods of AMS select the most important information from the collection to compose the summary. The selection of main content sometimes requires the identification of redundancy, complementarity and contradiction, characterized by being the multidocument phenomena. The identification of complementarity, in particular, is relevant inasmuch as some information may be selected to the summary as a complement of another information that was already selected, ensuring more coherence and most informative. Some AMS methods to condense the content of the documents based on the identification of relations from the Cross-document Structure Theory (CST), which is established between sentences of different documents. These relationships (for example Historical background) capture the phenomenon of complementarity. Automatic detection of these relationships is often made based on lexical similarity between a pair of sentences, since research on AMS not count on studies that have characterized the phenomenon and show other relevant linguistic strategies to automatically detect the complementarity. In this work, we present the linguistic description of complementarity based on corpus. In addition, we elaborate the characteristics of this phenomenon in attributes that support the automatic identification. As a result, we obtained sets of rules that demonstrate the most relevant attributes for complementary CST relations (Historical background, Follow-up and Elaboration) and its types (temporal and timeless) complementarity. According this, we hope to contribute to the Descriptive Linguistics, with survey-based corpus of linguistic characteristics of this phenomenon, as of Automatic Processing of Natural Languages, by means of rules that can support the automatic identification of CST relations and types complementarity. / A Sumarização Automática Multidocumento (SAM) é uma alternativa computacional para o tratamento da grande quantidade de informação disponível on-line. Nela, busca-se gerar automaticamente um único sumário coerente e coeso a partir de uma coleção de textos que tratam de um mesmo assunto, sendo cada um deles proveniente de fontes distintas. Para tanto, a SAM seleciona informações mais importantes da coleção para compor o sumário. A seleção do conteúdo principal requer, por vezes, a identificação da redundância, complementaridade e contradição, que se caracterizam por serem os fenômenos multidocumento. A identificação da complementaridade, em especial, é relevante porque uma informação pode ser selecionada para o sumário uma vez que complementa outra já selecionada, garantindo mais coerência e informatividade. Alguns métodos de SAM realizam a condensação do conteúdo dos textos-fonte com base na identificação das relações do modelo/teoria Cross Document Structure Theory (CST) que se estabelecem entre as sentenças dos diferentes textos-fonte. Algumas dessas relações (p.ex., Historical background) capturam o fenômeno da complementaridade. A detecção automática dessas relações é comumente feita com base na similaridade lexical entre as sentenças, posto que as pesquisas sobre SAM não contam com estudos que tenham caracterizado o fenômeno, evidenciado outras estratégias linguísticas relevantes para detectar automaticamente a complementaridade. Neste trabalho, fez-se a descrição linguística da complementaridade com base em corpus, traduzindo as características desse fenômeno em atributos que subsidiam a sua identificação automática. Como resultados, obtiveram-se conjuntos de regras que evidenciam os atributos mais relevantes para a discriminação das relações CST de complementaridade (Historical background, Follow-up e Elaboration) e dos tipos (temporal e atemporal) da complementaridade. Com isso, espera-se contribuir para a Linguística Descritiva, com o levantamento baseados em corpus das características linguísticas do referido fenômeno, quanto para o Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais, por meio das regras que podem subsidiar a identificação automática das relações CST e dos tipos de complementaridade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2302.pdf: 2008314 bytes, checksum: f3ade80a56415270dc78bfbd99be5be0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to analyse the fluidynamics and the heat and mass transfer of paste drying in a spouted bed under transient operation and to obtain detailed experimental data on the disturbed response of the system due to the presence of the liquid phase. This work also comprises the application of a CST model to predict temperature and moisture profiles in both the gas and solid phases. The paste-like matter employed in the experiments was distilled water, wastewater sludge, skim milk, homogenized whole egg and calcium carbonate. For each one of these pastes, experiments were done in two different spouted bed configurations (full and half column bed) operating with different feed rates, under inlet spout air flow rate at 15 and 30 % above the minimum spouting velocity and temperatures of 80 and 100 °C. In the full column spouted bed, measurements of inlet air flow rate variations, pressure drop, inlet air temperature, particle bed temperature at three axial positions in the annulus, outlet air temperature, dry and wet bulb temperatures at the cyclone exhaust and moisture content of powder and paste coat of inert particles were done. For the half column spouted bed, measurements of inlet air flow rate variations, pressure drop, inlet and outlet air temperature, dry and wet bulb temperatures at the cyclone exhaust, particles velocities in the annulus, spout and fountain, spout channel shape and dimensions and fountain high were done. The results obtained showed that the transient operation analysis was adequate and encouraging as a means to obtain further information on the drying process in spouted bed. Among the main results of this work is the important finding that the time required for the spouted bed to reach steady state may largely vary depending on the feed flow rate and spouting characteristics. The fluidynamics analysis showed that spouting characteristics may significantly change, indicating system instability, depending on the type of paste and the concentration and flow rate of the feed. As far as the CST model is concerned, it was seen that experimental data and predicted values were in good agreement, although the drying kinetic equation was highly dependent on paste concentration and density. / O objetivo desta tese de doutorado foi realizar uma análise do comportamento fluidodinâmico, térmico e de massa da secagem de pastas em leito de jorro em regime transiente, visando obeter dados experimentais detalhados do sistema, em resposta à perturbação causada pele presença do meio líquido. Também foi avaliada neste trabalho a aplicação de um modelo CST para a estimativa dos perfis de temperatura e umidade das fases gás e sólida. As pastas utilizadas neste estudo foram água destilada, lodo de esgoto, leite desnatado, ovo de galinha integral homogeneizado e carbonato de cálcio. Para estas pastas foram conduzidos experimentos de secagem em duas configurações de leito de jorro (uma coluna cheia e uma meia coluna) operando com diferentes vazões de alimentação e sob condições de velocidade do ar na entrada de 15 e 30 % acima da velocidade de mínimo jorro e em dois níveis de temperatura, 80 e 100 °C. No leito de jorro de coluna cheia foram determinadas as variações na velocidade do ar de entrada, queda de pressão do leito, temperatura do ar de entrada, temperatura do leito de partículas em três posições axiais da região anular, temperatura do ar de saída, temperaturas de bulbo seco e bulbo úmido na saída do ciclone, umidade do pó produzido e umidade do recobrimento formado nas partículas inertes. Já no leito de jorro em meia coluna foram determinadas as variações na velocidade do ar de entrada, queda de pressão do leito, temperatura do ar de entrada, temperatura do ar de saída, temperaturas de bulbo seco e bulbo úmido na saída do ciclone, velocidade das partículas nas regiões anular, jorro e fonte, forma e dimensão do canal de jorro e altura da fonte. As informações obtidas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho mostraram que a análise do regime transiente é uma técnica adequada e promissora na obtenção de novas informações para o entendimento da secagem de pastas em leito de jorro. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos destaca-se que o tempo necessário para o leito de jorro alcançar o regime permanente pode variar expressivamente dependendo da vazão de alimentação de pasta e da condição de jorro aplicada. Na análise fluidodinâmica foi constatado que dependendo do tipo de pasta, concentração e vazão de alimentação o regime de jorro pode sofrer modificações significativas, indicando a instabilidade do sistema. Na avaliação do modelo CST, verificou-se que esse apresentou resultados satisfatórios quando comparados aos dados experimentais obtidos. Contudo, a expressão proposta para descrever a taxa de secagem mostrou-se ser fortemente dependente da concentração e densidade da pasta aplicada.

Sludge treatment and disposal are one of the most important parts of sewage treatment. These are economically challenging parts, and therefore emphasis is placed on effective dosing. The dose should be as small as possible but also the highest dry matter output. The main target of this diploma thesis is therefore to show that it is possible to achieve the same or better degree of drainage of the sludge if different flocculant/coagulant ratio is applied to the sludge. Diploma thesis deals with determination of the optimal combination of chemical doses during sludge dewatering. The thesis contains two parts, practical and theoretical. The theoretical part consists of research, overview of processed research and works in the area of sludge dewatering. The second part is a description of laboratory measurements and evaluation of results.

This diploma thesis is aimed at radar cross section of passenger cars. Basic scattering parameters of simple targets are described. Selected numeric methods used for computing radar cross section are discussed. Shape and size of simplified vehicle models is investigated. Simulations are verified by computing RCS of objects with well-known characteristics. Radar cross section of Skoda Octavia was simulated using selected numeric methods. Results of all performed simulations are shown in included graphs. Experimental measurment of radar cross section of a vehicle was performed so the measured data can be compared with the simulations.

This diploma thesis deals with a design of antennas based on a flexible substrate. There is also a design of a transmission line between a flexible and rigid substrate with FLEX- RIGID technology. In the first part of thesis, there is the technology, advantages and disadvantages of using this technology in design of antennas mentioned. There are also basic antenna parameters mentioned. In second part, the design of a transmission line and four antennas is presented. Two of these antennas are manufactured and measured. Finally, the measured parameters are compared with the simulated results.

When designing military vehicles, it is of interest to make the vehicles difficult to detect using radar. The radar cross-section (RCS) property indicates how easily a vehicle is detected by radar and should thus be minimized. However, the RCS of a vehicle represents the cross-sectional area of a perfectly reflecting sphere that would produce the same reflection strength as the vehicle in question. Since this is extremely complicated to calculate as military vehicles are quite complex, these calculations are performed using computational simulations. BAE Systems Hägglunds is looking into changing from their current simulation software OPTISCAT to CST Studio Suite and thus want to know how CST performs and compares against OPTISCAT. In this work, we show that CST obtains results within 2% of theoretical data when simulating a sphere and a slab. When simulating vehicles, the RCS difference between the two software is from 3% to 55% while showing similar general behavior. Results indicate that CST performs well when simulating simple objects but deviates from OPTISCAT when simulating the vehicle. It is not surprising that the software does not match up perfectly since they use different theoretical approaches, OPTISCAT uses physical optics while CST an extension to physical optics called the Shooting Bouncing Ray method. Even though the software differs to this extent it is most likely possible that CST can be a suitable replacement for OPTISCAT. When looking at RCS the important part is the location of spikes and since they have similar general behavior, those spikes may still be possible to identify. This thesis will hopefully act as a starting point for further examination of CST as a software for simulating RCS, for example by comparing results from CST to experimentally measured data. Hopefully it will also be used to improve the design process of making military vehicles harder to detect.

The engineering problem of airfoil design has been of great theoretical interest for almost a century and has led to hundreds of papers written and dozens of methods developed over the years. This interest stems from the practical implications of airfoil design. Airfoil selection significantly influences the application's aerodynamic performance. Tailoring an airfoil profile to its specific application can have great performance advantages. This includes considerations of the lift and drag characteristics, pitching moment, volume for fuel and structure, maximum lift coefficient, stall characteristics, as well as off-design performance. A common way to think about airfoil design is optimization, the process of taking an airfoil and modifying it to improve its performance. The classic design goal is to minimize drag subject to required lift and thickness values to meet aerodynamic and structural constraints. This is typically an expensive operation depending on the selected optimization technique because several flow solutions are often required in order to obtain an updated airfoil profile. The optimizer requires gradients of the design space for a gradient-based optimizer, fitness values of the members of the population for a genetic algorithm, etc. An alternative approach is to specify some desired performance and find the airfoil profile that achieves this performance. This is known as inverse airfoil design. Inverse design is more computationally efficient than direct optimization because changes in the geometry can be related to the required change in performance, thus requiring fewer flow solutions to obtain an updated profile. The desired performance for an inverse design method is specified as a pressure or velocity distribution over the airfoil at given flight conditions. The improved efficiency of inverse design comes at a cost. Designing a target pressure distribution is no trivial matter and has severe implications on the end performance. There is also no guarantee a specified pressure or velocity distribution can be achieved. However, if an obtainable pressure or velocity distribution can be created that reflects design goals and meets design constraints, inverse design becomes an attractive option over direct optimization. Many of the available inverse design methods are only valid for incompressible flow. Of those that are valid for compressible flow, many require modifications to the method if shocks are present in the flow. The convergence of the methods are also greatly slowed by the presence of shocks. This paper discusses a series of novel inverse design methods that do not depend on the freestream Mach number. They can be applied to design cases with and without shocks while not requiring modifications to the methods. Shocks also do not have a significant impact on the convergence of the methods. Airfoils are represented with parametric equations from the CST method to control shape changes and relate them to the required changes in the pressure or velocity distribution. To display the power of the methods, design cases are presented in the subsonic and transonic regimes. A circulation control design case is also presented using one of the methods to further show the robustness of the method.

The diploma project deals with the numerical modeling, implementation and measurement of dielectric dipoles excited by a coaxial probe. Attention was turned to shape optimization of dipoles from the viewpoint of ultra wideband parameters in the band group 6. (“Bandgroup 6“). Two antennas exhibiting the best parameters were fabricated. Results of measurements were compared with simulation results. Simulations and measurements were in agreement. For the simulations, we use program CST Microwave Studio.

This diploma thesis solves possibilities of transitions between waveguides and hybrid types of integrated microwave circuits. It describes the basic ways of solutions this transitions in both longitudinal and transverse as well. In thesis is also mentioned the principle of SIW technology, which is in this transitions widely used. The practical part is focused on the modeling and analysis of selected structures in CST MW Studio. Modeled structures are optimized for the lowest possible value insertion loss transition and are adapted to the characteristic impedance on 50. Selected structures are recalculated to a lower frequency band, realized and results of their simulation verified by measurements.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Ends of linear chromosomes are maintained by specialized structures known as telomeres. These structures are protected by a number of essential protein complexes including the shelterin complex and CST (CTC1 – STN1 – TEN1) complex. CST is an RPA-like ssDNA binding protein that is vital for telomere length maintenance via inhibition of telomerase and stimulation of DNA polymerase α -primase during C-strand fill-in synthesis. CST is also known to possess additional genome-wide roles in regulating DNA replication and repair including helping facilitate replication re-start at stalled forks, activating checkpoint signaling at double-strand breaks, and promoting replication origin firing. Proper and efficient repair of DNA is critical in order to protect the integrity of the genome and prevent extreme mutagenesis. Telomeres have a strong predisposition to oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-oxoguanine caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species and free radicals. These oxidative lesions are repaired by the base-excision repair (BER) pathway. Previous work has implicated telomeric proteins such as the shelterin complex in mediating BER. Here we show for the first time that the CST complex and individual subunits robustly stimulate a myriad of proteins involved in the BER pathway including Pol β, APE1, FEN1, and LIGI. CST’s ability to augment these BER-associated proteins could be instrumental in promoting efficient DNA repair. Additionally, we find that CTC1 and STN1 are able to significantly enhance the polymerase activity of Pol δ and Pol α on both random-sequence and telomeric-sequence DNA substrates in vitro. What is more, we establish the ability of CST to resolve G4 structure and promote Pol δ synthesis, which we predict is a key feature of CST’s involvement in DNA replication at telomeres, which are known to form replication-inhibiting G4’s. Our results define important mechanistic insight into CST’s role in DNA replication and repair, and provide a strong foundation for future studies relating defective telomere maintenance to aging disorders and cancers which impact human health.