The thesis is dealing with currency crisis phenomenon and its explanation within the wider framework of theoretical economics. It contains an analysis of present "mainstream" understanding of the currency crisis, an outline to the approaches to its modelling and also a brief historical overwiev. This thesis uses an analysis and also an application of relevant theories of L.Mises and J.M.Keynes to achieve its main objective. Finally it comes to the integration of currency crisis into the context of general economic course of events.

Recently, the importance of international trade has rapidly increased. Therefore, many companies face foreign currency transactions. The thesis focuses on the accounting and reporting of foreign currency. Its main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the above mentioned topic and explain it on practical examples.

The diploma thesis deals consolidation of subsidiaries with particular interest in a foreign currency and loss of control. The thesis id divided into 5 parts. The first part defines importance of the consolidated financial statements for the users, summarizes the basic terms and provides standards that deal with consolidated financial statements. Second part defines the obligation to prepare consolidated financial statements, determining the degree of influence, the exemtion from consolidation for investment companies and the consolidation of subsidiaries acquired for resale. The third chapter contains a basic definition of full consolidation method and theory is demonstrated on a complex example focusing on intra-group transactions and non-controlling interests. The fourth part deals with the issue of foreign currency. There are describe the basic term from area foreign currency and the procedure for determining the functional currency. After that there are described two types of exchange differences and swown in a smaller examples. The last chapter deals with the problem lost of control and theory is again explained by the smaller examples including the reclassification of other comprehensive income. It gives also example on deconsolidation of foreign subsidiary. The whole work contains comment, as this issue is solved according to Czech accounting legislation.

This diploma thesis is focused on the impact of foreign currency transactions and balances on the financial statements - which items denominated in foreign currencies should be converted to the accounting/functional currency during the accounting period, which items at the balance sheet day, which exchange rate should be used and where the exchange differences will be reported. All of this is examined in the environment of Czech GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Both of these systems are continuously compared and complemented by specific examples. Next section provides analysis of real financial statements and sensitivity analysis of currency risk.

Cette thèse analyse les monnaies mobiles sociales qui offrent aux consommateurs une complémentarité d'usage par rapport au panel de moyens de paiement existants. Ces nouvelles monnaies répondent à des besoins économiques spécifiques, selon le lieu où elles circulent et les initiatives qui les promeuvent. Elles ont pour objectif le développement économique local, le retour à l'emploi, l'inclusion sociale et l'inclusion financière. Cette thèse étudie les conditions nécessaires à leur déploiement, leur viabilité et leur efficacité. / This Ph.D. thesis analyses the emergence and properties of social mobile money, which is more than a simple means of payment but also a way to provide other services and to satisfy other needs. These new currencies contributes to local development, reemployment, they facilitate social and financial inclusions, according their objectives, their location and the type of organisations which develop them. This Ph.D thesis studies the necessary conditions for implementation, sustainability and efficiency of mobile social money.

The diploma thesis is aimed to apply the theoretical concept of optimum currency areas, i.e. probably the most comprehensive approach to analyze the suitability of establishing a currency area, to the real and currently difficulties solving environment of EMU states. The first, theoretical-methodological part shows the development of the OCA theory, as founded by Robert A. Mundell and expanded upon by further contributors and critics thereafter. This part focuses especially on defining the optimality criteria, which are then analyzed in the empirical-analytical section. In order to assess the level of optimality, which the euro area members have reached during the common currency existence period, concrete and empirical data are analyzed - data, showing the previous development of the selected indicators, describing the criteria fulfilling. In the final part of the thesis, the author considers the overall optimality rate of euro area and points out its consequences for the Czech Republic, as a candidate country. Furthermore, the entry-timing question is discussed as well, when finished by a two possible scenarios of our accession to EMU. In relation to this issue, the author also discusses the relevancy to assess the readiness for entering the euro area according to the parameters of Maastricht criteria.

A presente dissertação mostra como a desvalorização do real em 1999 afetou negativamente as relações comerciais entre Brasil e Argentina, impulsionando antigas demandas protecionistas por parte de empresários e políticos argentinos. De forma geral, os números do comércio bilateral comprovam que a temida invasão de produtos brasileiros ao mercado argentino nunca se concretizou. Entretanto, podemos constatar que a ausência de regras claras e de uma institucionalização de fato para o Mercosul abriu espaço para a utilização de medidas de anti-dumping e tentativa de adoção de salvaguardas dentro do bloco. Tais medidas ajudaram a reduzir o comércio bilateral, que sentiu também os efeitos da crise que se instalou na região, enfraquecendo o poder de compra dos consumidores e trazendo incertezas para os produtores. Essa dissertação mostra ainda que empresários e políticos de ambos os países travaram nos jornais uma guerra de acusações e ameaças, que dificultaram as negociações setoriais em andamento e colocaram em dúvida a viabilidade do Mercosul. / The present dissertation shows how the real?s devaluation in 1999 has adversely affected trade relations between Brazil and Argentina, inciting old protectionist demands from Argentine entrepreneurs and politicians. In a general way, the official numbers for bilateral trade prove that a feared invasion of Brazilian products into the Argentine market has never materialized. However, one can verify that the absence of clear rules and de facto institutionalization for the Mercosur has paved the way for the use of anti-dumping measures and attempts at adopting safeguard measures within the bloc. Such measures helped reduce bilateral trade, which was also hit by the crisis that struck the region, weakening consumer purchasing power and causing uncertainties among producers. This dissertation also shows that entrepreneurs and politicians from both countries waged a war of accusations and threats in newspapers, thus hampering industry-to-industry negotiations in progress and putting Mercosur?s viability in jeopardy.

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