The purpose of this study was to discuss and validate the benefits of surf camps. Additionally, the results of this study will aid the further research of adolescents achieving higher self-esteem levels, increased positive self-worth, and behavior change through non-traditional sports. The primary research question asked for this study is "How do non-traditional sports, such as surfing, affect self worth, self-esteem, and positive behavior change?" A survey was used to collect data among surf camp subjects. The participants, ranging from ages 8 to 18, consisted of two focus groups totaling 33 participants, with 17 subjects used for the final data collection. Participants were enrolled in the week long surf camp with Titus International Surf School in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Results suggested that obstacles, such as funding and legislation continue to challenge educational leaders, so the physical education systems that have been put into place must be reevaluated. Non-traditional sports can increase self-esteem, self-worth levels, and behavior change. This exploratory study begins with the development of alternative health and physical education programs, which will help the advancement of health regimens already in place. Some progress has been made in schools since the late 1990's, but advancement in new programs and research are slow and minimal. The results of this study also indicated the need for more positive role models in education, physical education classes, and sports. There is a need for increased parental involvement at home as well as the implementation of year-round health, exercise, and new non-traditional sport programs. / Ph. D.

Communities affected by climate impacts, political or cultural conflicts and rapid demographic shifts are the most vulnerable to the effects of poverty, disease and communal violence. Addressing their needs through appropriate architectural responses can help them to recover social, economic and environmental well-being. This thesis defines strategies to address the challenges involved in the design of spaces after three causes of forced migration: natural disaster, conflict and urban development. The methodology is based on literature review which served as theoretical background to work in three design competitions related to shelter after natural disasters, refugee camps and slums. The need to provide accommodation after a natural disaster is essential. Therefore, a shelter that can be transported and deployed quickly and effectively, and that contemplates the uniqueness and complexity of the event, is studied in this thesis. Refugee camps have become the protective and safe place that provide shelter, food and health safety to all kinds of survivors and refugees. Due to the complexity of the problems related to this forced migration situation, the presence of refugee camps tends to be longer than the expected. Therefore, a design that contemplates this duality of time and that addresses peoples' needs and rights is part of this research. Slums are often related to deprivation and socio-spatial exclusion and due to the lack of security of tenure, they are vulnerable to evictions caused by redevelopment pressures, gentrification processes and episodes of ethnic cleansing. Therefore, a neighborhood's transformation with cohesive public spaces and incremental housing prototypes is proposed in this thesis. Through the study of architectural responses to natural disaster, refugee camps and slums design considerations related to the site, the culture and the urban context are established as guidelines. In addition, a time-based design strategy, a dual design approach and a multiple scales design strategy are defined as essential to give an architectural response to forced-displaced communities. / Master of Architecture

Quatre ouvrages sont retenus dans le cadre de cette thèse sur travaux. Le Siècle des Camps s’interroge sur les raisons qui font du siècle précédent la période de l’histoire connaissant la plus grande extension de systèmes concentrationnaires. Il propose une typologie des camps liée à la fonction qu’ils exercent dans les différents systèmes politiques. Corée du Nord, Etat voyou examine la genèse d’un Etat dont on affirme souvent qu’il est la forme la plus achevée du totalitarisme. Cette affirmation est endossée ici, avec des nuances qui tiennent à un fonctionnement sectaire et à une idiosyncrasie idéologique spécifique. Coucher de Soleil sur La Havane propose une histoire de la formation volontariste d’un Etat au fonctionnement totalitaire, de ses rapports avec le monde extérieur et des illusions qu’il a suscitées. Georges Albertini, biographie d’un socialiste pacifiste des années 1930 devenu Collaborateur tout en se revendiquant de la gauche et de la révolution oblige à s’interroger sur les rapports entre certaines acceptions du socialisme avec le nazisme. Ces travaux renvoient tous en effet à des réalités totalitaires et à quelques-uns des problèmes que pose l’utilisation du concept de totalitarisme en science politique. Ils sont aussi l’occasion d’une réflexion sur les rapports entre une oeuvre conçue par leur auteur comme « militante » et l’objectivité exigible de tout effort d’acquisition de connaissances. L’engagement éthique et politique préalable n’a-t-il pas valeur heuristique ? Il détermine une approche qui privilégie l’attention au sort des individus et aux droits humains – ce que précisément refusent de prendre en compte les idéologies ou les institutions totalitaires. / The following research is organized around four books. At the center of The Century of Camps lies this question : how can we explain the historically unprecedented extension of concentration camps in the preceding century? The work offers a typology of the concentration camps that seeks to explain the phenomenon by reference to the different political systems that made use of them. North Korea: A Rogue State examines the evolution of a state that is sometimes described as the ultimate development of totalitarianism. The work endorses this view, allowing for certain nuances with regard to North Korea’s sectarian modus operandi and the idiosyncrasies specific to its reigning ideology. Sunset over Havana is a history of Cuban communism as the creation of an act of will, and of its relations with the rest of the world with special attention to the illusions to which it gave rise. Georges Albertini is the biography of a socialist and pacifist of the 1930s who became a leading French Collaborator, without forsaking the left and its revolutionary project. These studies all bring us back to totalitarianism and the problems raised by this concept in the study of political science. They offer opportunities to reflect upon the connection between work conceived as an act of militancy by its author, and the objectivity that is the necessary condition of scientific study and the acquisition of knowledge. Would there not be a heuristic quality inherent in a moral and political bias? The latter requires a focus on the fates of individuals and matters of human rights the significance of which are denied by totalitarian systems.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Géographie--Paris 4, 2005. / Bibliogr., 6 p.

Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes special study report entitled: Sewage treatment and its utilization in irrigation. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes special study report entitled : Sewage treatment and its utilization in irrigation. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

This research aims to find architectural and urban design related solutions to enhance the living conditions of refugees who are trapped in protracted refugee situations. One key issue that could be considered the main problem-generating factor in protracted refugee situations, is the lack of a clear definition for the appropriate deign life-span of refugee camps in general. As an example of that refuge situation, focus within this research is upon the two refugee camp models found in Jordan; the Zaatari camp and the Azraq camp. Both were established in response of the recent civil war in Syria, started in 2011. A comparison between the two refugee camps resulted in identifying the strong points and the shortcomings of the current models. In addition, an assessment of the refugees’ needs is made based on the refugee camp’s design guidelines and the official reports published by the different humanitarian organizations. The above mentioned researched information is utilized to develop and apply an adaptable design solution that aims to overcome the unpredictable future of the refugee situation in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. The proposal includes a long-term plan that may develop over time and which is divided to three stages depending on the longevity of the refugee camp. Each stage takes into consideration the changing requirements and needs that the refugees develop over time.

Le 13 février 1991, un colloque sur « l’actualité vietnamienne » est organisé au Sénat. Lorsque Georges Boudarel, universitaire à Paris VII et spécialiste du Viêtnam, prend la parole, il est immédiatement interrompu par Jean-Jacques Beucler, ancien secrétaire d’état aux anciens combattants et ancien prisonnier français de la guerre d’Indochine. Ce dernier entend le confondre pour son rôle de commissaire politique dans les camps du Viêt-minh. C’est le début de l’affaire Boudarel qui va opposer durant de longs mois les anciens prisonniers à Georges Boudarel devenu l’incarnation de l’idéologie communiste.Derrière la dimension politique de l’affaire se cachent les souffrances d’une communauté d’anciens combattants de la guerre d’Indochine en mal de reconnaissance. Cette situation a contraint ce groupe mémoriel à s’organiser, à établir des stratégies pour parvenir à une reconnaissance dans l’opinion publique. Cette mémoire « souterraine » va se confronter à l’histoire dans une zone de tension mémorielle, chacune se nourrissant de l’autre. La sociologie pragmatique par son approche du suivi des acteurs nous a permis d’observer l’évolution de cet espace et la manière dont les acteurs-témoins se l’approprient.Dans leurs stratégies, les acteurs témoins ont perçu les avantages qu’ils pourraient tirer de l’utilisation de l’Internet. Cet usage permet une visibilité que n’offraient pas les médias traditionnels. Cette nouvelle donne risque toutefois d’avoir des répercussions sur la discipline historique, notamment en ce qui concerne la prise en compte des traces que génèrent les acteurs-témoins et leur pérennisation. Il apparaît que l’écriture de l’histoire des différents événements contemporains pourrait s’en trouver modifiée / On the 13th February 1991, a colloquium about the « Vietnamese topicality » isorganized at the French Senate. When Georges Boudarel, an academic at Paris VII University and a Vietnam specialist starts to speak, he is immediately interrupted by Jean-Jacques Beucher, former Secretary of State for the Veterans and who is also a former French prisoner of the Indo-China War. The latter wants to confound him for his role as a political commissioner in the Viet-Minh camps. This is the beginning of the Boudarel case confronting former prisoners to Georges Boudarel during long months, and who is now the incarnation of the communist ideology.The sufferings of a community of Indo-China War veterans longing for gratitude are hidden behind the political dimension of this case. The situation compelled this memorial group to organize themselves and to build up strategies in order to get gratitude from the public opinion. This “subterranean” memory is going to face history in a zone of memorial tension, in which each one thrives on each other. The pragmatic sociology thanks to its followed approach of the actors allowed us to see the evolution of this space and how the actors witnesses took over it.In their strategies, the actors- witnesses saw the advantages they could take of the use of Internet. Indeed, it allows a visibility which was impossible with the usual Medias. However, this new order may have repercussions on the historical discipline, especially concerning the traces generated by the actors-witnesses and their perpetuation. It turns out that the writing of history of different contemporary events could be modified.

The investigator undertook to make a study of the management of a selected number of private summer camps for children in Kerr County, Texas, because of the growing interest in camping and the need for an informed public regarding the possibilities of wholesome recreation for children in summer camps.

No description available.