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Although there is a burgeoning canon addressing the detection, cause, treatment, and cure of breast cancer, there is a paucity of studies exploring how women survive the disruption and uncertainty breast cancer produces in their daily lives. There has been little exploration in the adult learning literature on the ways women might learn to live with breast cancer in the context of a heightened sense of mortality. Current institutional health education programs do not address the particular needs of individual women for practical and emotional support. In addition, the perspectives, resources, and knowledge of breast cancer self-help groups are not included in the literature on living with breast cancer. This study portrays survivor voices through the use of in-depth interviewing, participant observation, and document analysis. I use perspectives from feminist poststructuralism and Foucauldian discourse theory to explore the ways that the sixty-one women attending four breast cancer self-help groups in the late 1990s in urban and rural areas of Nova Scotia, Canada, learn to survive ? that is live with, through, and beyond ? breast cancer. While there was some variance in socioeconomic status and ethnicity, the participants were largely financially secure, married with children, of European descent, and between the ages of 33 and 83. This research shows that in their quest for survival, survivors moved amongst four overlapping discursive locations - the breast cancer self-help group, the family, the public sphere, and the cancer-care system with both support and conflict. Group discourses of reciprocity, self-care, temporality, and hope produce a range of discursive strategies for generating active survivor subjectivities. Through storytelling and the use of a powerful group technology, the survivor gaze, group members deconstruct the power technologies that disempower them. The analysis shows that survivors are active and resourceful in creating resistant, innovative, life-affirming, and self-respecting ways to speak themselves into social texts as authoritative and legitimate knowers, doers, and learners, producing new knowledge, resources, and truths about surviving. However, it is a major challenge for survivors to cope with the tense and contradictory effects of pervasive power and gender relations on the modes of subjectivities open to them. While masking of the postmastectomy body indicates that women are working on gendered identities, survivors are also learning to live their bodies in flux, taking up performative, cyborgian, productive, and playful bodies that challenge male-imposed definitions of what it is to be a woman, insisting on their right to define themselves. This thesis challenges the assumption that subjects must submit to the knowledge of experts in order to know, invent, and care for themselves. The research corroborates important insights from the self-help literature that self-help groups are significant social movements producing knowledgeable political subjects able to exercise power over their own lives. There is ample evidence that the expression and validation of emotions are central to knowledge construction processes. Further research is needed to examine how the knowledge produced by self-help groups can become officially recognized and utilized resources for survivors, and for those who care for and about them. / thesis (PhDEducation)--University of South Australia, 2004.

Adult dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis Baird) were banded with plastic neck bands and observed on the winter range during 1985-92. Annual survival rates of adult geese estimated from observation data ranged from 76% to 85%. A model of Canada goose population dynamics was developed to illustrate relationships between survival rates, harvest regulations, and recruitment parameters and to predict trends in population size. Model simulations using recent estimates of survival and recruitment indicated that without significant increases in recruitment, survival rates must remain at or above present levels for the dusky Canada goose population to maintain itself. Observations of geese banded with tarsal and neck bands were used to estimate within-year survival rates and rates of neck band loss during 1990-92. Average monthly survival was 97% and was not significantly different among harvest and nonharvest periods (X��, P = 0.3882). Neck band retention rates were 100% and 98% the first and second year after banding, respectively, for male and female geese. Resighting probabilities for neck and tarsal bands were significantly lower for female than for male geese (X��, P < 0.020). Midwinter population size was estimated using neck band observations and a capture-resighting model. Dusky Canada goose population estimates ranged from 12,400 to 19,800 during 1990-92. Population estimates generally agreed with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service midwinter inventory during this period. Subflocks of wintering dusky Canada geese were identified using a clustering algorithm and the number of weeks neck banded geese were observed in regions of the winter range. Over 65% of geese in subflocks affiliated with the northern and southern regions of the winter range were never observed outside their region of affiliation. Geese affiliated with the middle regions of the winter range exhibited greater movement, as most were seen at least once outside their region of affiliation. Although large groups could be identified based on regional use patterns, associations between group members could only be demonstrated for small groups of [less than or equal to] 10 geese and adult pairs. / Graduation date: 1993

In this dissertation, I read Judith Thompsons The Crackwalker, I am Yours, Habitat, and Lion in the Streets with an eye towards how Thompson produces socially contingent spaces as sites of marginalized identity. My focus is on Thompsons work as a playwright rather than on the texts in performance. My interest is in the ways Thompson mediates a characterization of class-based marginality through the experience of space as a social product. In interrogating Thompsons use of space, I refer to the theories of philosopher Henri Lefebvre, specifically to the notion of space as a social product and his conception of the double illusion.

Far from simply playing music, the turntable has, in recent decades, been transformed into a musical instrument. Those that play these new instruments, called Turntablists, alter existing sounds to produce new sonic arrangements, exceeding the assumed use value of the turntable. The turntable’s transformation from record player to instrument captures one of the ways in which Afrosonic sound making activities refuse to conform to existing paradigms of music making in the western world. Throughout the African diaspora, it has been the musics from various regions and nations that continually capture the attention of the world’s music connoisseurs. This dissertation examines the ways in which careful consideration of the sonic innovations in Afrodiasporic cultures produce alternative paradigms through which we might analyze contemporary life. The following chapters interrogate turntablism, remix culture and hip hop music as subtexts that elaborate a foundational narrative of Afrodiasporic life. These subtexts are used as tools to examine the various ethnoscapes of Black Canadian life, official multiculturalism and notions of home within the African diaspora in Canada. The dominant narrative of the African diaspora explored in this work, housed within the sonic, elaborates a relational conception of freedom and modernity born out of the particularities of Afrodiasporic life in the west. In this sonic narrative, participation becomes the key index by which freedom is understood, embodied and enacted. Consequently, a notion of relationality, deeply indebted to the Afrodiasporic experience, is utilized throughout this dissertation to access a conception of the human that lay outside of western Europe’s enlightenment definition.

This study was designed to identify factors related to the mobility of teachers in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec, and to explore the relationships among dissatisfaction factors, demographic characteristics of teachers, and mobility. <p>To obtain the data, the Teacher Mobility Questionnaire was constructed and mailed to northern teachers and to some teachers who had left the north in the past two years. The questionnaire consisted of items suggested by the literature on teacher mobility and its causes, as well as items considered appropriate from the author's previous experience in northern Canada. <p>The study sample consisted of 32 former northern teachers and 238 teachers employed in schools of the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec at the time of the study. Totals represented a 36 per cent return of completed, acceptable questionnaires. <p> The major areas of study were: a description of northern teachers on the basis of demographic characteristics; an examination of the relationships among demographic variables and mobility; identification of factors related to teacher dissatisfaction; exploration of the relationships among dissatisfaction factors and mobility; and the suggestion of the existence of "unique" northern mobility factors. Statistical procedures used to test hypotheses included correlation coefficients techniques; one-way analyses of variance; and Newman-Keuls comparisons between ordered means. <p>It was found that in comparison to teachers of the four western provinces, those in the Northwest Territories were more likely to be: younger, males, married, originally from Saskatchewan or Ontario; holders of degrees (elementary teachers); at higher salary levels, and more mobile. <p>Over 10 years, the general character of the northern teaching staff showed a trend towards a higher proportion of older, married men with longer training, and employed at higher salaries. The two variables which showed no appreciable change were the length of pre- northern experience, and length of tenure in northern teaching. Both fluctuated between a median of one and two years between 1960 and 1970. Median years of northern experience of teachers in the study was 2.1 years. <p>It was found that the only demographic variables significantly related to mobility were: age, salary, position, and location of school. Although such characteristics as sex, marital status, and previous experience showed some degree of relationship to mobility, they failed to be significant factors. <p>Items from the questionnaire were classified into six dissatisfaction factors. The factors and mean dissatisfaction score for each were: Personal and Economic, 3.001; Working Conditions, 3.200; Recruitment and Orientation, 3.142; Organizational Relationships, 3.159; Adminis tration, 3.284; Achievement, 3.612. Total mean dissatisfaction score was 3.295. Responses were on a five-point scale from (1) dissatisfaction, (2) to satisfaction. Means indicated that respondents in the study expressed more satisfaction than dissatisfaction with those factors investigated. <p>Analysis of the relationship of dissatisfaction to demographic characteristics and mobility found that: females were more dissatisfied than males; younger teachers with fewer years in the north were more dissatisfied than slightly older teachers; primary teachers were more dissatisfied than principals, vice-principals and high school teachers; low salaried teachers were more dissatisfied than higher salaried teachers. <p> In general, the non-mobiles appeared to be less dissatisfied than those who had left the north or intended to do so at the end of the year. It was obvious, however, from the low level of significance found in the analyses performed that dissatisfaction factors as used in this study were not the major reason for teacher mobility in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec. The study was able to suggest such "unique" northern mobility factors as: lack of access to universities; the feeling of impermanence inherent in the northern living situation; isolation from social and cultural life of the south; intentions of being itinerant; difficulties of relating to culturally different pupils and community members. <p>This study indicated a need for further examination of northern teacher mobility with a focus on those factors unique to the northern teaching and living situation.

Early in 2001 the federal government tabled Bill C-11, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), new comprehensive legislation intended to overhaul Canadas immigration laws. By this time, refugees had become singled out above other classes of immigrants as a threat to Canadian national security because a backlog of applicants had permitted thousands of failed refugee claimants to remain in Canada and allowed a small number of undesirable individuals to commit serious crimes and to plan and support terrorist activities. This led to public concern that refugees were a potential threat to public safety, national security, and even Canada-US relations. As a result, there were calls for Canada to tighten up its refugee system by adopting a more restrictive adjudication process for refugee claims. At the same time, there were calls for Canada to maintain a fair and open refugee system. This thesis uses discussions from parliamentary committees, an ethical analysis of the right of liberal states to exert sovereignty at the expense of their obligation to protect refugees, and key provisions in both the 1976 Immigration Acts and IRPA, to compare how the two important public goods discussed above, the rights of refugees and the need to protect national security, were balanced in the IRPA. Three major research questions guide this analysis: What provided the impetus for extra legal and security provisions in the IRPA related to refugees? Did amendments in the IRPA constitute a fundamental change to Canadas refugee determination system? Did the IRPA strike a right balance between safeguarding the rights of refugees and safeguarding national security? These questions represent key elements of the refugee/ security nexus, a problem that the IRPA was designed to address. My thesis finds that for the most part the IRPA provided a balanced legislative response to this problem and that it protected the rights of refugees and moderately enhanced provisions related to public safety and national security, although for the latter it did not constitute a marked improvement, nor for the former did it address the outstanding issue of security certificates. But these two deficiencies in the IRPA serve to highlight the inherent tension Canada has had enacting security measures while maintaining fundamental rights for refugees in a changing geo-political environment.