The United States has the highest incarceration rate of any country. The causes for the large number of prisoners can be traced, in part, to a politicized war on crime that resulted in harsh sentencing and high recidivism rates. Prisoner education provides the potential for slowing the revolving door of prison by helping to create engaged citizens, who are committed to bettering themselves and their communities. However, there is a paucity of support for programs such as Pell Grants, which could facilitate emancipatory education in prisons. The purpose of this work is to examine why prisoners are provided few meaningful educational opportunities while incarcerated. This study seeks to understand the genealogy of prisoner education policy through an examination of the debate surrounding the 1994 Omnibus Crime Bill and its prohibition of Pell Grants for prisoners, as well as the 2008 Second Chance Act and its reentry programs. The study analyzes the ideological underpinnings of key decision makers and how their values are often embedded in the narratives of neoliberalism. In addition, the work examines elite stakeholders’ discursive attempts, both manifest and subtle, to influence and maintain social policy through the creation of legitimizing myths, including the viewpoints that prisoners are hopelessly flawed or that they have potential only as human capital. Counter-hegemonic discourse is also described. The study methods are critical discourse analysis which looks at the ways text and talk maintain inequities in society and critical policy analysis. Utilizing transcripts from legislative debates, the study analyzes the discourses of members of Congress to expose the tropes that often lie beneath the surface of the debate over prisoner education. Their rhetoric appears to generate and maintain widespread support for legislation that is frequently deleterious to marginalized out-groups. The study should add to the literature examining the role of legitimizing myths that maintain inequities in educational access.

Within Australia, Vocational Education and Training (VET) encompasses the Technical and Further Education (TAFE) sector, private providers, community education and training, and work-based training. Additionally, some VET activities are embedded within the secondary school and university sectors. As the major provider of Government-funded vocational education and training, TAFE has undergone significant change since its establishment in the 1970's. Historically, TAFE has provided broader education and social opportunities for individuals beyond a narrower focus on the achievement of training outcomes for economic benefits. However, shifts in policy direction in 1980's and 1990's have seen the delineation between broader education and economic outcomes becoming less distinct. While this is perhaps true of all education sectors, it has potentially impacted more on TAFE than any other sector. This thesis investigated these impacts within the context of TAFE's social service and economic utility roles. This was undertaken by analysing seven seminal Commonwealth and Queensland documents and by analysing the findings of interviews with six senior executives within Queensland's Department of Employment and Training and TAFE. The key findings of this thesis indicate that TAFE Queensland continues to perform a number of functions or activities that can be associated with a social service role. However, the findings also indicate that, for TAFE Queensland, there has been a shift towards an economic utility role. Since the Kangan Report (1974), TAFE's role has become more focussed on meeting Queensland's economic and industry needs within a broad view that Australia needs a flexible workforce, qualified to industry standards of competence and able to compete in a globalised world.

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This chapter contains the capital theory controversy that took place among the most importanteconomists from the universities of Cambridge (UK) and Cambridge (Mass.). Firstly, we presentthe neoclassical propositions which are summarized in the neoclassical parables. The second section contains Robinson’s criticism of the neoclassical capital theory and Garegnani’s criticismof the decreasing marginal productivity theory. Thirdly, we summarize Samuelson’s attempt to validate the neoclassical production function and his main mistakes. The fourth section presents Solow’s response and Nell’s criticism. Finally, in the fifth section, we present the main contributions to the capital theory controversy. / Este capítulo presenta el contenido de la controversia en torno a la teoría del capital que se llevó a cabo entre los economistas más importantes de las universidades de Cambridge (Inglaterra) yCambridge (Estados Unidos). Primero se presenta las proposiciones fundamentales de la teoría neoclásica, es decir, las parábolas neoclásicas. La segunda sección aborda las críticas de Joan Robinson a la teoría neoclásica del capital y las críticas de Garegnani a la teoría de la productividad marginal decreciente. En la tercera parte, se expone el intento de Samuelson de validar la funciónde producción neoclásica y los principales errores que él comete. La cuarta sección presenta la respuesta de Solow y la crítica de Nell. Finalmente, en la quinta sección, se señalan los principales aportes de esta controversia sobre la teoría del capital.

With the advent of knowledge-intensive economies, plus the ever-accelerating development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), organisational knowledge has become the key driver of an organisation's value and ultimately, an important source of an organisation's sustainable competitive edge. Thus, numerous organisations have started to invest heavily in establishing knowledge management systems (KMSs). Subsequently, they wish to access knowledge from individuals in order to enhance their acquisition of knowledge and ultimately transform this into organisational knowledge. Even though existing research studies have evidenced extensively the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of individuals' knowledge-sharing behaviour in organisations from diverse perspectives (e.g. organisational behaviour, sociology and psychology), individuals still seem inclined to hoard their knowledge, rather than share it with others in organisations. To this end, this research aims to investigate and identify essential elements related to individuals' knowledge-sharing behaviour within the complex context of the virtual organisation of Taiwanese Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs), comprising the whole system of Taiwanese Farmers' Associations, by integrating multilevel perspectives of individuals in organisations (the micro-level), workplace networks in organisations (the meso-level) and organisational culture (the macro-level).

MACIEL, Paulo Henrique Freitas. Trabalho e educação profissionalizante do centro vocacional tecnológico (CVT) na comunidade de Umarizeiras, Maranguape-CE. 2013. 123f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-30T12:12:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-PHFMACIEL.pdf: 1234822 bytes, checksum: cc8cfb7f520326990ffd86c1d87263b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-04-30T12:13:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-PHFMACIEL.pdf: 1234822 bytes, checksum: cc8cfb7f520326990ffd86c1d87263b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-30T12:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-PHFMACIEL.pdf: 1234822 bytes, checksum: cc8cfb7f520326990ffd86c1d87263b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Historically, we can verify the educational duality in which we have a formation oriented to the ruling élite and another one oriented to the workers who act in the capitalist production process. However, the expansion of the capitalism in the last four decades, we identify, as Karl Marx had already previewed, the intensification of the substitution of the living work (the human being) for the dead work (machines), causing crisis, because the market doesn’t absorb so many workers in the production process. Therefore, the unemployment, is a reality that scares even the international organizations, like the United Nations (UN). In this context, the employability, in a world without jobs and the human capital theory emerge as new forms of social domination, internalizing in the individual the idea that he is the responsible for his precarious economic situation. In this regard, in this research we analyzed the formation of workers released by Centro Vocacional Tecnológico (CVT) – Technologic Vocational Center – through means of initial formation courses or professional qualification in the community of Umarizeiras, in Maranguape, town in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, pointing contradictions imposed by the contemporary capitalism which limit that performance. The investigation took place with oral sources, through interviews with thirteen dwellers; and documents: booklets of the courses available by CVT and Estatuto da Associação de Moradores de Umazeira, which let us highlight the contradictions between the official speech and the reality lived by the subjects involved in that formation. The available courses by CVT to that community were fruit pulp process, chicken raising, E.V.A., computing, fruit sweets. All the interviewed subjects had already participated in one or more courses, motivated by the immediate objective of getting a job, fact that doesn´t really happen; about the knowledge acquired in the courses, it’s rare to find someone who uses it in the daily life. We conclude, therefore, that the offer of the courses achieves rather an ideological objective, targeting to blame the individuals for their economic situation than a whole formation of the human being, having work as the educational principle. / Historicamente, verificamos a dualidade educacional em que temos uma formação voltada para as elites dirigentes e outra para os trabalhadores que atuam no processo de produção capitalista. No entanto, na expansão do capitalismo nas últimas quatro décadas, identificamos, assim como já tinha antecipado Karl Marx, a intensificação da substituição do trabalho vivo (o ser humano) pelo trabalho morto (as máquinas), ocasionando uma crise, pois o mercado já não absorve tantos trabalhadores no processo produtivo. O desemprego, portanto, é uma realidade que assusta até mesmo os organismos internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Neste contexto, a empregabilidade, em um mundo sem emprego, e a teoria do capital humano surgem como novas formas de dominação social, internalizando no indivíduo a ideia de que é ele o responsável por sua situação econômica precária. Neste sentido, analisamos nesta pesquisa a formação de trabalhadores desencadeada pelo Centro Vocacional Tecnológico (CVT), por meio de cursos de formação inicial ou qualificação profissional na comunidade de Umarizeiras, distrito de Maranguape, município da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF), apontando as contradições impostas pelo capitalismo contemporâneo, que limitam aquela atuação. A investigação foi realizada a partir da articulação de fontes orais, através de entrevistas com 13 (treze) moradores; e documentais: apostilas dos cursos disponibilizadas pelo CVT e o Estatuto da Associação de Moradores de Umarizeiras, o que nos permitiu colocar em evidência as contradições entre o discurso oficial e a realidade vivenciada pelos sujeitos envolvidos naquela formação. Os cursos ofertados pelo CVT àquela comunidade foram: processamento de polpas, criação de galinha caipira, E.V.A., informática, doces de frutas e associativismo. A maioria dos entrevistados já havia participado de um ou mais cursos, motivados pelo objetivo imediato da conquista de um emprego, fato que constatamos não se realizar; sobre os conhecimentos adquiridos nos cursos, raros são os que afirmam utilizarem em seu cotidiano. Conclui-se, portanto, que a oferta dos cursos cumpre mais um objetivo ideológico com a função de culpar o indivíduo pela sua situação econômica do que uma formação integral de ser humano, tendo o trabalho como princípio educativo.

abstract: This study investigates degree perseverance among African Americans who transitioned from an undergraduate music program at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) to a Predominantly White Institution (PWI). A framework based on Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory and Yosso’s community cultural wealth theory was employed to examine how academic, cultural, and social aspects of participants’ undergraduate and graduate school experiences influenced their perseverance. Because those aspects are intricately intertwined with race, I also employed critical race theory and double consciousness theory, and used Angela Duckworth’s Grit Scale to measure degree perseverance. Eight African American male instrumental music educators participated in this study. Research questions included: What are the experiences of African Americans who have transitioned from undergraduate music programs at HBCUs to graduate music programs at PWIs?; How do these individuals compare academic, social, and cultural aspects of their experiences within two institutional environments?; What are their self-perceptions of their own degree perseverance?; and, What social, cultural, and academic aspects of their experiences influenced their perseverance? After developing a portrait of each participant’s pre-college and college experiences, analysis reveled that participants were very persistent; however, academic, cultural, social, and racial experiences influenced their perseverance. Participants employed dominant cultural capital and community cultural wealth as well as their “Grittiness” to successfully transition from an HBCU to a PWI. Recommendations for HBCUs, PWIs, and the profession are offered toward improving the experiences of African American music students in higher education. HBCUs must hold their faculty and students accountable for developing a broader musical experience beyond marching band, and address colorism on their campuses. PWIs should recognize and accept the capital that African Americans bring, acknowledge that African Americans need access to social support networks, and assess how their environments, actions, and decisions may devalue or discount African Americans. While more research is needed regarding the experiences of African Americans in music programs, African American students must also take active roles in shaping their own educational experiences by seeking assistance that will improve their experiences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music Education 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla C do N Antunes.pdf: 2645826 bytes, checksum: 5f48e7102554db04388584f1eec55761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / The present dissertation proposed analyzing the determinants of the choice of undergraduate students of the State University of Western Parana Cascavel Campus / PR. Specifically, the objective was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic and informational factors and the social influence of families and institutions in the choice process. The theoretical instrument used in this research was the Human Capital theory and using Behavioral Economics, as an alternative to the conception of instrumental rationality. It examines the decision-making processes of university students, identifying factors associated with behavioral rationality, such as when would the decision be taken, uncertainty, level of information, influences of different situations and institutions on behavior and expectations of future professional performance. The dissertation seeks to capture the reality of university selection processes by means of a survey, based on non-probabilistic sampling by quotas. The research totals the result of 452 questionnaires applied, corresponding to 63.2% of all university students that would be entering 19 undergraduate courses in the year 2016. As evidence found in the behavior of the university students that were surveyed, it identifies that, generally, they tend to be oriented to the present, to be partially informed, and also be influenced by the quality and prestige of the educational institution, personal fulfillment and opportunities in the labor market and financial ascension and affirm that they have made the right choice. / A presente dissertação propôs-se analisar os determinantes de escolha do curso de graduação dos ingressantes da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Campus de Cascavel/PR. Especificamente, buscou-se investigar a relação dos fatores socioeconômicos, informacionais, bem como a influência social dos familiares e instituições no processo de escolha. O instrumento teórico utilizado nesta pesquisa foi a teoria do Capital Humano e as abordagens da Economia Comportamental, como alternativa à concepção da racionalidade instrumental. Examina os processos de decisão dos universitários, identificando fatores associados à racionalidade comportamental, tais como a escolha no tempo, a incerteza, o nível de informação, as influências das diferentes situações e instituições no comportamento e as expectativas de atuação profissional futura. Buscou-se compreender acerca dos processos de escolha do universitário por meio de uma pesquisa de levantamento, baseada numa amostragem não probabilística por quotas. A pesquisa totaliza o resultado de 452 questionários aplicados, correspondendo a 63,2% do total dos universitários ingressantes em 19 cursos de graduação referente ao ano de 2016. Como evidências encontradas no comportamento dos universitários pesquisados, identifica que, em termos gerais, eles tendem a ser orientados para o presente, a estar parcialmente informados, a serem influenciados pela qualidade e prestígio da instituição de ensino, pela realização pessoal, pelas oportunidades no mercado de trabalho e ascensão financeira e afirmam que estão certos em relação a escolha feita.

Var fjärde elev som påbörjar studier i den svenska gymnasieskolan avslutar inte studierna med fullständiga betyg inom fyra år. Forskning visar att elever som hoppar av sina studier lider större risk att hamna utanför arbetsmarknaden, vilket bortsett från det personliga lidandet leder till samhällsekonomiska kostnader. Många ekonomer har beskrivit värdet på det humankapital som ackumuleras under studietiden samt den signaleringseffekt det innebär på arbetsmarknaden att klarat av en gymnasieutbildning. Syftet med denna studie är att få ökad förståelse kring de potentiella effekterna av det ESF-finansierade projektet Plug In som pågick i 47 kommuner mellan 2012–2015 och är det i särklass största nationella projektet för att motverka studieavhoppen i de svenska gymnasieskolorna. Den sammanlaga kostnaden för projektet var närmare 200 miljoner kronor och idag finns det en uppföljare till projektet, kallat Plug In 2.0. En kvantitativ effektutvärdering av Plug In utfördes av Ramböll 2015, en utvärdering som inte kunde påvisa några signifikanta effekter som kunde bindas till insatsen i antalet avbrott för de kommuner med åtminstone en skola som deltog i projektet. Nysläppt data från Skolverket över andel elever som på skolenhetsnivå avslutat sina studier med fullständiga gymnasiebetyg har gett möjligheterna till denna mer pregnanta utvärdering där effekterna på längre sikt för första gången undersöks. Skolor i Göteborgsregionens Kommunförbund som deltog i projektet har matchats med skolor av liknande karaktär i jämförbara kommuner och med hjälp av en Difference-in-Difference modell mäts projektets sannolika påverkan av deltagare i projektet.

The aim of this thesis is to determine what affects cross-national differences in attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in Europe while using mainly theoretical framework of the Ethnic Competition Theory and the Human Capital Theory. We use multilevel models to test the hypotheses based on these theories. We use individual level data from European Social Survey 2014/2015 and country level data from World Bank, Eurostat, and MIPEX. The thesis finds a support for the Human Capital Theory, but does not find a clear support for the Ethnic Competition Theory. Even though economic vulnerability of a person is associated with attitudes towards immigrants, this association can be due to education. It seems in this thesis that people with higher education tend to hold more positive attitudes towards immigration of both skill levels of immigrants, professionals and laborers, than individuals with less years of education. Therefore, we find a support for the Human Capital Theory. On the contextual level, more permissive migrant integration policies seem to have positive effect on attitudes towards immigrants. Further investigation of the association between attitudes towards immigrants and immigration, and education and migrant integration policies is needed.