Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of fish may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Compared to the number of studies using fish oils, few studies have used fish itself. Those which have used fish have generally used fattier fish such as mackerel and salmon as part of an uncontrolled diet. In this study, 23 healthy men consumed 200g each of Chinook salmon, Dover sole, and sablefish in a three-way crossover design for 18-day periods with three-week washout periods in between. The diets had the approximate composition of the 'Western' diet: 45% carbohydrates, 36% fat, and 16% protein with the sole diet containing 1.95 g omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, the salmon diet 3.99 g n-3, and the sablefish diet 3.42 g n-3 fatty acids. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), bleeding time (BT), blood pressure (BP), platelet aggregation (PA) using ADP and collagen as agonists, platelet fatty acid profiles (FAP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) , and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were measured at the beginning and end of each period. TC, and HDL-C, and TG changed significantly when compared to the prefish diet while both LDL-C and apo B demonstrated diet effect. LDL-C increased on both the salmon and sablefish diets (p = 0.08) compared to the sole diet, and increased approximately 15% on the former two diets compared to the prefish diet. Bleeding time was significantly longer when the salmon diet was consumed (p = 0.06). The impact of the three diets on PA depended upon the agonist. With collagen, only the sablefish diet decreased aggregation compared to the prefish diet. When ADP was used, aggregation decreased on both the fattier fish diets compared to the low fat fish (sole). Similar results were demonstrated for TXB₂: the fattier fish produced statistically equivalent decreases (p = 0.06) among the diets, and lowered TXB₂ compared to the prefish diet. There were no significant differences among the diets for either systolic or diastolic BP though there was a significant decrease (p = 0.01) in diastolic pressure compared to the prefish diet when the salmon diet was consumed. Platelet fatty acid profiles reflected diet composition. / Graduation date: 1993

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 214-221. / Microfiche. / ix, 221 leaves, bound 29 cm

Bibliography: leaves 192-212. / xv, 212 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The present study investigates the relationships between fetal growth, as manifest in size and shape at birth, and later blood pressure and blood lipids, in an Australian cohort. Data on these outcomes for cohort members at age 8 years are available from a previous study. Birth details (body weight, placental weight, head circumference, chest circumference and length) are abstracted from hospital records. In addition, a follow up of cohort members is undertaken to collect new data pertaining to the two cardiovascular risk factors at 20 years of age. Socio-economic circumstances are characterised at birth, age 8 and age 20. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 1997?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742879.pdf: 429703 bytes, checksum: 00f9c9cafa3323cfa87ff07fb6b5db98 (MD5) / A remodelação cardíaca (RC) ocorre em resposta a determinadas agressões como, por exemplo, sobrecarga pressórica, e pode manifestar-se por alterações de tamanho, forma e função do coração. No modelo de estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo) em ratos, estudos ecocardiográficos constataram que, 2 e 6 semanas após indução da EAo, os ratos desenvolvem hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, disfunção diastólica e melhoria da função sistólica. Após 12 semanas há disfunção sistólica e perto da 20ª semana aparecem sinais de insuficiência cardíaca. Diversos fatores poderiam contribuir para a disfunção neste modelo experimental, como modificações na expressão proteica da bomba de cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático (SERCA2a) e das cadeias pesadas de miosina (MyHC), ambas com alta capacidade ATPásica. Na RC patológica ocorre diminuição na beta oxidação de ácidos graxos, podendo acarretar déficit energético para o músculo cardíaco hipertrofiado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que o aumento da oferta energética, proveniente de dieta hiperlipídica, atenua a disfunção diastólica e preserva a função sistólica no modelo de EAo. Os mecanismos envolvidos na preservação ou melhoria da função estão relacionados com a diminuição na transição da isoforma V1(α) para V3(β) da MyHC e com o aumento da relação SERCA2a/PLB. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, com 21 dias, separados em dois grupos: controle operado (Sham) e estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo). Seis semanas após cirurgia, os animais foram redistribuídos em quatro grupos (n=12/grupo): tratados com dieta normolipídica (EAo-N e Sham-N) ou hiperlipídica (EAo-H e Sham-H) por 12 semanas. O perfil nutricional foi determinado pelas análises de ingestão alimentar e calórica, eficiência alimentar, peso e gordura corporal, índice de adiposidade, glicemia, triacilglicerol e ácidos graxos livres não-esterificados. A RC foi ... / Cardiac remodeling (CR) occurs in response to some cardiac injuries, such as pressure overload, and it may be manifested as changes in size, shape and function of the heart. In the model of supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS), echocardiographic studies performed in our laboratory showed that, 2 and 6 weeks post SVAS induction, rats developed left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and improved systolic function. After 12 weeks there is systolic dysfunction and around the 20th week signs of heart failure appear. Several factors could contribute to the dysfunction in this experimental model, such as changes in protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC), both with high ATPase capacity. Pathological CR is underscored by a reduction in fatty acid beta oxidation, which may cause energy deficit to the hypertrophied cardiac muscle. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that increased energy supply, derived from high-fat diet, attenuates cardiac dysfunction in the SVAS model. The mechanisms involved in the attenuation of dysfunction are related to decreased V1(α) to V3(β) MyHC isoform transition and increased SERCA2a/PLB ratio. Male Wistar rats, aged 21 days, were separated into two groups: operated control (Sham) and supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS). Six weeks after surgery, the animals were redistributed into four groups (n=12/group): fed with normolipidic diet (Sham-N and SVAS-N) or high-fat diet (Sham-H and SVAS-H). The nutritional profile was determined by food and calorie intake, feed efficiency, weight and body fat, adiposity index, blood glucose, triacylglycerol and non-esterified free fatty acid. The CR was characterized by analyses of the cardiac structure and function by echocardiogram in the 6th and 18th week, macroscopic study, energy metabolism and SERCA2a/PLB and β/α MyHC cardiac ratios. For comparisons between Sham and SVAS we used Student t test ...

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:03:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000733108.pdf: 2184746 bytes, checksum: e8b1cbf59d7e706b67cf0a6ff4f20fc5 (MD5) / A síndrome metabólica (SM) engloba um conjunto de alterações metabólicas que predispõem ao maior risco para as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Recentemente, alguns estudos têm relatado a associação entre hipotireoidismo subclínico e aumento deste risco. A medida da espessura íntima-média das carótidas (EIM), por ultrassonografia (US), é capaz de detectar alterações iniciais da aterosclerose, podendo predizer o risco de doença aterosclerótica subclinica. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a medida da EIM, nos pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico, correlacionado-a com a função tireoidiana e com marcadores clínicos e laboratoriais para a SM. Foram selecionados 32 pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico que foram subdivididos em dois grupos: hipotireoidismo subclínico com SM (HSCSM) e hipotireoidismo subclínico sem SM (HSC), segundo os critérios da Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF). Houve um grupo controle de pacientes eutireoidianos (n=31) que também foram subdivididos quanto à presença (EUTSM) ou não de SM (EUT). Os grupos foram comparados quanto a parâmetros clínicos e comportamentais (idade, sexo, tabagismo, grau de atividade física, histórico de eventos cardiovasculares e de doenças tireoidianas prévias), parâmetros laboratoriais (glicemia de jejum, função tireoidiana, perfil lipídico) e à diferença nas medidas da EIM. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Goodman, complementado com o teste de comparações múltiplas de TuKey, e de Comparações Múltiplas de Dunn. Para análise de algumas variáveis quantitativas, clínicas e laboratoriais, foram realizadas também Medidas de Associações Múltiplas (teste de Correlação Linear de Pearson), a fim de verificar correlação com a EIM Média e Máxima. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. As medidas das EIM Média e Máxima (média±desvio padrão) foram maiores no grupo... / The metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a set of metabolic abnormalities that predispose to increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, some studies have reported an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and increase this risk. The measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as assessed by ultrasonography (US), is capable of detecting early changes of atherosclerosis and can predict the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study were to determine carotid IMT in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and association with thyroid function and clinical and laboratory markers for MS. We selected 32 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism who were divided in two groups: subclinical hypothyroidism with MS (SHMS) and subclinical hypothyroidism without MS (SH), according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). There was a control group of euthyroid patients (n = 31) who were also divided on the presence (EUTMS) or not SM (EUT). The groups were compared regarding clinical and behavioral parameters (age, sex, smoking, physical activity, history of cardiovascular events and previous thyroid diseases), laboratory parameters (fasting glucose, thyroid function, lipid profile) and the difference in mean carotid IMT.Statistical analyses were performed by Goodma test, complemented by the multiple comparison test of Tukey Multiple Comparisons and Dunn. For analysis of some quantitative variables, clinical and laboratory measures were also undertaken Multiple Associations (Linear correlation test of Pearson), to verify correlation with IMT Average and Maximum. The level of significance was set at 5%. Mean and maximum IMT were greater in the patients SHMS group compared to patients SH group [0.59 ± 0.10 mm vs. 0.73 ± 0.19 (p <0.05) vs. 0.69 ± 0.15 mm. 0.86 ± 0.21 (p <0.05), respectively]. Comparing the groups with MS, the group SHMS showed higher maximum IMT than group ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-24Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000828949.pdf: 463776 bytes, checksum: bd97d483f32c7167f14a3385ab44d9f0 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / FAPESP: 2009/14884-9

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000816073.pdf: 849605 bytes, checksum: 510a9329e21b7502124baee514d62df3 (MD5) / Introdução Mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) apresentam prevalência aumentada de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, os estudos que confirmam a associação entre SOP e a morbimortalidade por doença cardiovascular são limitados. Objetivos Avaliar o risco de Framingham a prevalência de evento cardiovascular em mulheres com SOP. Pacientes e Método Foram analisados os dados clínicos, bioquímicos e ultrassonográficos de mulheres com idade entre 18-40 anos com e sem diagnóstico de SOP, do HC-FMB no período de 1997 a 2010. Para verificar o risco de primeiro evento coronariano em dez anos, foi utilizado o escore de risco de Framingham (ERF), modificado pelo NCEP-ATPIII, 2002. A prevalência de evento cardiovascular maior e menor foi obtida pela análise dos prontuários médicos, cruzamento de dados e busca ativa. O teste do qui-quadrado, o teste exato de Fisher e análises de regressão logística multivariada corrigidas para idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC), foram empregados nas análises estatísticas e o nível de significância considerado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram identificadas 267 mulheres com SOP e 190 sem SOP seguidas no período de um a 13 anos. A mediana de idade foi de 25 anos (SOP) e de 29,5 (não SOP) (p<0,0001). As pacientes com SOP apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade (p=0,017), circunferência da cintura (p= 0,012), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p=0,047), intolerância à glicose (p=0,027), Diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 (p=0,007), hipercolesterolemia (p=0,005) e hipertrigliceridemia (0,002) em relação às não SOP. As pacientes com SOP apresentaram uma prevalência de 7,5% de ERF alto contra 1,3% nas não SOP (p=0,008), e a análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou uma chance cinco vezes maior de evento coronariano quando se comparou às não SOP (OR 5,16 IC95%:1,16-22,96;p=0,031). Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística entre a prevalência de eventos ... / Introduction: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, most studies available are limited to confirming the association of PCOS with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the Framingham risk score and the prevalence of cardiovascular events in women with PCOS. Patients and Methods: Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic data were collected from women (18-40 years) with and without PCOS attending the Botucatu Medical School Hospital from 1997 to 2010. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), calculated according to NCEP-ATPIII-2002 criteria, was used to estimate the 10-year risk of first coronary event. The prevalence of major and minor cardiovascular events was obtained through the analysis of medical records, crossing of data, and active search. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test and multiple logistic regression adjusted for age and BMI, with significance set at 5%. Results:t A total of 267 women with PCOS and 190 without PCOS were followed up for 1-13 years. Median age was 25 years in women with PCOS, and 29.5 yearsnin those without it (p<0.0001). Women with PCOS had higher prevalence of obesity (p=0.017), waist circumference (p= 0.012), arterial hypertension (p=0.047), glucose intolerance (p=0.027), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.007 hypercholesterolemia (p=0.005), and hypertriglyceridemia (0.002) than those without PCOS. The prevalence of high FRS was 7.5% and 1.3% in women with and without PCOS, respectively (p=0.008). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that women with PCOS had a 5-fold greater chance of having a coronary event than those without PCOS (OR: 5.16 95%CI:1.16-22.96, p=0.031). However, the prevalence of cardiovascular events did not statistically differ between women with and without PCOS. Conclusions: In the women with PCOS at childbearing age who participated in this ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000830123.pdf: 3340415 bytes, checksum: 6ff6732f5faa2204891e545e0e18bd75 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introdução: o estresse e o consumo de etanol são importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao estresse e do consumo de etanol, isoladamente e em associação sobre a pressão arterial e a reatividade da aorta torácica in vitro. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos adultos (8- 10 por grupo) foram separados em grupos: controle, etanol (20% de etanol na água de beber por 6 semanas), estresse (contenção 1h/dia 5 dias/semana durante 6 semanas) e etanol/estresse (ambos procedimentos em associação). A pressão arterial sistólica caudal (PAS), a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma foram avaliadas. Curvas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina na ausência ou presença de ioimbina (bloqueador-α2), L-NAME (inibidor da sintase do óxido nítrico), ou indometacina (inibidor da ciclooxigenase); à fenilefrina; e à angiotensina II na ausência e presença de losartan (bloqueador-AT1), PD123-319 (bloqueador-AT2), L-NAME, ou indometacina foram obtidas em anéis de aortas intactas e desnudadas de endotélio. Concentração efetiva 50% (CE50) e resposta máxima (RM) foram comparadas entre os grupos utilizando MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: a exposição ao estresse, isoladamente e em associação ao consumo de etanol aumentou a PAS. Estresse ou estresse em associação aumentou as RM à noradrenalina em aortas intactas. Esta hiperreatividade foi abolida pela remoção do endotélio e pela presença de indometacina ou ioimbina, mas não foi alterada pela presença de L-NAME. Por sua vez, o consumo de etanol isoladamente não alterou a reatividade à noradrenalina. As respostas à fenilefrina em aortas com e sem endotélio e à noradrenalina em aortas sem endotélio permaneceram inalteradas independentemente do protocolo. Etanol e estresse, isoladamente e em associação, não alteraram a reatividade da aorta ... / Introduction: stress and ethanol consumption are important cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of stress exposure and ethanol consumption, alone and in association on blood pressure and thoracic aorta reactivity in vitro. Methods: Wistar adult male rats (8-10 per group) were separated into groups: control, ethanol (20% ethanol in their drinking water for 6 weeks), stress (restraint 1h/day 5 days/week for 6 weeks) ethanol/stress (both procedures in association). Caudal systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma corticosterone and plasma antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Concentrationeffect curves to noradrenaline in the absence or presence of yohimbine (α2- blocker), L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor); phenylephrine; and angiotensin II in the absence and presence of losartan (AT1-blocker), PD123-319 (AT2-blocker), L-NAME or indomethacin were obtained from the intact and denuded-endothelium aortas. 50% effective concentration (EC50) and maximum response (MR) were compared between groups using MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: exposure to stress, alone and in association with ethanol consumption increased SBP. Stress and stress in association increased the MR to noradrenaline in intact aortas. This hyperreactivity was abolished by both removal of the endothelium and the presence of indomethacin or yohimbine, but was not changed by the presence of L-NAME. In turn, the consumption of ethanol alone did not alter the reactivity to noradrenaline. Responses to phenylephrine in aortas with and without endothelium and to noradrenaline in aortas without endothelium remained unchanged regardless of protocol. Ethanol and stress, alone and in association, did not alter the reactivity of intact aorta to angiotensin II. PD123-319 decreased MR to angiotensin II in intact rat aortas of ethanol and ethanol/stress groups compared to the ...