Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ana_berne.pdf: 2199093 bytes, checksum: 8e27f9fa1c22e061e919175c81aa8bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / The enteroparasitosis remains as an important public health problem in children in the Brazil, showing variable prevalence, according to the State and evaluated population. Studies with day-care center children are scarce, however, already knows that the exposure of the children in these places increased the susceptibility to parasitosis. Among the parasitosis the protozoary Giardia lamblia is responsible for severe diarrhea cases in children and the routine diagnosis methods presents many false negative results. The aim of this study was investigate the enteroparasitosis prevalence in children from a day-care public center of Rio Grande county, Rio Grande do Sul State and compare diagnosis techniques in samples of their fecal material to Giardia lamblia , the ELISA immunoassay and the centrifugal-sedimentation methods. 165 fecal samples where evaluated and processed by centrifugal-sedimentation and centrifugal-flotation methods, stained by trichromium and Kinyoun after the concentration by centrifugal-sedimentation. The general prevalence of enteroparasitosis was 64,2% (106/165). The most prevalent nematods species founded was Trichuris trichiura (24,2%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (22,4%) and the the most prevalent protozoary specie was Giardia lamblia (30,3%). The presence of opportunists coccids where also registered Cryptosporidium spp. (2,4%) and Isospora belli (0,6%). Among the positives 56,6% (60 samples) showed simple infection and 43,4% (46 samples) showed associated infection. The presence of non pathogenic protozoary like Entamoeba coli (15,2%), Endolimax nana (3,6%) and Enteromonas hominis (4,8%), indicated environmental fecal source contamination. The higher prevalence of nematods and protozoary in the studied population suggests the necessity of implementation of educational measures to prevent these enteroparasites. In the evaluation of comparative diagnosis of G. lamblia a higher positivity was verified in the ELISA technique 57% (90/158), followed by the centrifugal-sedimentation method 27,8% (44/158). The obtained results in this study suggests that is higher the prevalence of nematods and protozoary in the evaluated children and the ELISA technique to detect antigen in fecal sample showed higher efficiency to giardiasis diagnosis. / As enteroparasitoses ainda constituem um importante problema de saúde pública em crianças no Brasil, com prevalências bastante variáveis, conforme a região e população avaliada. Estudos com crianças que freqüentam creches são escassos, entretanto, sabe-se que nestes ambientes, as crianças estão mais expostas as parasitoses, dentre as quais o protozoário Giardia lamblia que é responsável por quadros graves de diarréia em crianças e os métodos de rotina utilizados no diagnóstico levam a muitos casos de falso-negativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a prevalência de enteroparasitos em crianças de uma creche pública do Rio Grande, cidade portuária, localizada na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e comparar a técnica de ELISA (kit comercial Giardia II) com os métodos de centrífugo-flutuação e centrífugo- sedimentação para o diagnóstico de G. lamblia em fezes de crianças. Primeiramente foram avaliadas 165 amostras de fezes de processadas pelo método de centrífugo-sedimentação e centrífugo-flutuação e pelas colorações de tricrômio e de Kinyoun. A prevalência geral de enteroparasitos foi de 64,2% (106/165). Os nematódeos mais prevalentes foram Trichuris trichiura (24,2%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (22,4%) e o protozoário mais prevalente foi G. lamblia (30,3%). Também foram registradas as presenças dos coccídeos oportunistas Cryptosporidium (2,4%) e Isospora belli (0,6%). Dentre os positivos, 56,6% (60) apresentaram infecção simples e 43,4% (46) associadas. Constatou-se também a presença de protozoários não patogênicos, como Entamoeba coli (15,2%), Endolimax nana (3,6%) e Enteromonas hominis (4,8%), que indicou contaminação de origem fecal do ambiente. A alta prevalência de nematódeos e protozoários na população estudada sugere a necessidade de implementação de medidas educacionais, visando a prevenção destes enteroparasitos. Na avaliação do diagnóstico comparativo de G. lamblia foi verificado maior positividade para a técnica de ELISA, 57% (90/158), seguido do método de centrifugo-flutuação, 30,3% (48/158) e centrífugo-sedimentação, 27,8% (44/158). A partir dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo pode-se concluir que é alta a prevalência de nematódeos e protozoários nas crianças avaliadas e que a técnica de ELISA para detectar antígenos nas fezes é mais eficiente que os métodos de centrífugo-flutuação e centrifugo-sedimentação, podendo, portanto, ser utilizada, tanto no diagnóstico individual como em estudos epidemiológicos da giardíase.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-04-25T21:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luzia Da Silva Vieira.pdf: 1599408 bytes, checksum: b38200f2b238a8c1ad85d8cfedf57159 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T21:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luzia Da Silva Vieira.pdf: 1599408 bytes, checksum: b38200f2b238a8c1ad85d8cfedf57159 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / This intervention-research analyses how teachers and staff comprehend the participation, belonging and leadership of employees in the preparation and monitoring processes of the Children's day care center Political and Educational Project – PPP*, during the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015, stressing that the researcher is the principal condition of the school unit. The universe of this research is a Children's day care center with children aged zero to three years old in Santo André – SP. The participants of this research are members of the management, teachers and staff from different areas working at the school: cleaning staff, cooking staff, office clerks and child development agents. The qualitative methodology (LÜDKE & ANDRÉ, 1986; FRANCO & PIMENTA, 2008; FREIRE, 2014); suggested the collection of data via analytical reading of the PPPs from 2013, 2014 and 2015, participatory observation and organization of eleven conversation circles. Several categories were identified and interpreted throughout this work from the school’s documents, observation records and audio-recorded transcriptions of conversation circles content analysis (BARDIN, 2011). This study bases itself from fieldwork research on democratic management and PPP at the school (FREIRE, 1967; 1982; 1997; 2002; 2014), (PARO, 2001; 2007), (GADOTTI, 2007; 2014); and from childhood and childhood education (CAMPOS, 1993; 1994; 2009), (KUHLMANN JR., 2011), (OLIVEIRA-FORMOSINHO & KISHIMOTO, 2007; 2013), amongst others. The results indicate contradictions in what concerns the views about crèches, childhood education, school management, continued education while at the workplace and professional development. Even in face of the contradictions pointed out by the participants, it is noted that as the staff member participates of the formulation, progress and evaluation of the PPP and feels valued and recognized by his or her participation, this person gains a sense of belonging and becomes a leading figure of such process. In conclusion, the leadership in the formulation and progress of the PPP is linked to the democratic management experienced at the crèche, aware of its relative autonomy, which aims to promote participation through the creation of formative spaces instituted by the management team in order to collectively discuss the administrative, political and educational areas of the work by the crèche professionals in a permanent dialog. In this journey, which is by no means linear, the contradictions are found in several circumstances: in public policy, which invests in professional development but at the same time does not create conditions to avoid the constant turnover of professional staff; and at the crèche, where by investing in dialog spaces has to prepare itself for the conflicts that emerge from the relations between people, which are revealing, including contradictions present in public policy itself. All this experience generates the mode by which each and everyone attributes a sense of belonging and meaning to his or her leading role and participation in the crèche’s PPP. / Esta investigación-intervención analiza cómo profesores (as) y empleados (as) comprenden la participación, la pertenencia y el protagonismo de empleados en el proceso de preparación y seguimiento del Proyecto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) de la guardería durante el año 2013, 2014 y 2015, haciendo hincapié en que el investigador es la condición principal de la unidad escolar. El tema de la investigación es una guardería de niños de cero a tres años, ubicada en Santo André-SP, y los participantes de la investigación son miembros del equipo directivo, profesores (as) y empleados (as) de distintos segmentos: equipo de limpieza, de cocina, de oficina, agentes de desarrollo infantil. La metodología del tipo cualitativo (LÜDKE Y ANDRÉ 1986; FRANCO Y PIMIENTA, 2008; FREIRE, 2014) orientó el levantamiento de los datos de la encuesta a través de la lectura y análisis del PPP de los años 2013, 2014 y 2015, de la observación de los participantes, y de la realización de once ruedas de conversación. Del análisis de contenido (BARDIN, 2011) de los documentos escolares, de los registros de observación y de las transcripciones de grabaciones de audio de los ruedas de conversación, fueron identificadas las categorías interpretadas a lo largo de la obra. La investigación se basa en estudios en el campo de la gestión democrática y PPP en la escuela (FREIRE, 1967; 1982; 1997; 2002; 2014), (PARO, 2001; 2007), (GADOTTI, 2007; 2014); y de la infancia y Educación Infantil (CAMPOS, 1993; 1994; 2009), (KUHLMANN JR, 2011.) (OLIVEIRA-FORMOSINHO Y KISHIMOTO, 2007; 2013), entre otros. Los resultados indican contradicciones con respecto a las concepciones de guardería, la Educación Infantil, la gestión escolar, la educación continuada y el desarrollo profesional. No obstante las contradicciones señaladas por los (as) participantes de la encuesta, se observa que, en la medida en que el (la) empleado (a) participa en el desarrollo, en el progreso y en la evaluación del PPP, y se sienta valorado y reconocido por su participación, va sintiendo que pertenece y es protagonista en ese proceso. Concluyendo que el papel principal en la preparación y seguimiento del PPP está vinculado con el ejercicio de la gestión democrática con experiencia en guardería, y la claridad de su relativa autonomía, que busca promover la participación a través de la creación de áreas de entrenamiento, establecidos por el equipo directivo, de forma que las dimensiones de naturaleza administrativa, política y pedagógica de la guardería podrán ser discutidas colectivamente por los profesionales del cuidado de niños, en un diálogo permanente. En ese camino, que es lineal, de alguna forma, las contradicciones son en varios niveles: en la política publica que invierte en capacitación en servicio, al mismo tiempo que no genera las condiciones para que se evite el constante remplazo del personal profesional y; en la guardería, que al invertir en espacios de diálogo, tiene que prepararse para los conflictos que emergen de las relaciones que se dan entre las personas y que revelan, incluso, las contradicciones presentes en la propia política pública. Toda esta experiencia genera el modo cómo todos y cada uno, dan sentido de pertenencia y significado a su papel y la participación en el PPP de la guardería. / Esta pesquisa-intervenção analisa como professoras e funcionárias(os) compreendem a participação, o pertencimento e o protagonismo das(os) funcionárias(os) no processo de elaboração e acompanhamento do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) da creche no decorrer dos anos 2013, 2014 e 2015, ressaltando que a própria pesquisadora encontra-se na condição de diretora da unidade escolar. O universo da pesquisa é uma creche com crianças de zero a três anos de idade, localizada na cidade de Santo André-SP, e os participantes da pesquisa são integrantes da equipe gestora, professoras e funcionárias(os) de diferentes segmentos: equipe da limpeza, da cozinha, da secretaria, agentes de desenvolvimento infantil (ADI). A metodologia do tipo qualitativa (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986; FRANCO; PIMENTA, 2008; FREIRE, 2014) orientou o levantamento dos dados por meio da leitura e análise do PPP dos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015, da observação participante e da realização de 11 rodas de conversa. Da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) dos documentos da escola, dos registros de observação e das transcrições das audiogravações das rodas de conversa, foram identificadas categorias interpretadas ao longo do trabalho. A pesquisa fundamenta-se em estudos no campo da gestão democrática e PPP na escola (FREIRE, 1967; 1982; 1997; 2002; 2014), (PARO, 2001; 2007), (GADOTTI, 2007; 2014); e da infância e Educação Infantil (CAMPOS,1993; 1994; 2009), (KUHLMANN JR., 2011), (OLIVEIRA-FORMOSINHO; KISHIMOTO, 2007; 2013) dentre outros. Os resultados indicam contradições no que se refere às concepções de creche, Educação Infantil, gestão escolar, formação continuada em serviço e valorização profissional. Mesmo diante das contradições evidenciadas pelos participantes da pesquisa, constata-se que, na medida em que a(o) funcionária(o) participa da elaboração, andamento e avaliação do PPP e se sente valorizado e reconhecido pela sua participação, vai se tornando pertencente e protagonista desse processo. Conclui-se que, o protagonismo na elaboração e acompanhamento do PPP está vinculado ao exercício da gestão democrática vivenciado na creche, tendo clareza de sua relativa autonomia, o qual busca promover a participação por meio da criação de espaços formativos instituídos pela equipe gestora para que as dimensões de caráter administrativa, política e pedagógica do trabalho da creche possam ser discutidas coletivamente pelas(os) profissionais da creche em diálogo permanente. Nesse percurso, que de modo algum é linear, as contradições se põem em diversas instâncias: na política pública, que investe na formação em serviço e, ao mesmo tempo, não cria condições para evitar a constante rotatividade do quadro de profissionais e; na creche que, ao se investir nos espaços de diálogo tem de se preparar para os conflitos que emergem das relações que se dão entre as pessoas e que são reveladoras, inclusive, das contradições presentes na própria política pública. Toda essa vivência gera o modo como cada um e cada uma atribui sentido de pertencimento e significado ao seu protagonismo e à sua participação no PPP da creche.

La coyuntura actual ha destacado un problema latente en nuestra sociedad desde hace muchos años, el cual afecta a miles de adultos mayores: el abandono. A partir de esta problemática es que nace el proyecto con una tipología CIAM o Centro Integral de Atención al adulto Mayor, la cual incluye: servicios de desarrollo, servicios comunitarios y residencia temporal. Finalmente, es ubicado en el distrito de Lima considerando la cantidad de adultos mayores residentes y el porcentaje que representan. El proyecto se ordena alrededor de tres grandes patios con su respectivo nivel de privacidad: Plaza de Acercamiento (pública), Plaza Polivante (semipúblico) y Jardín Residencial (privado). Al igual que esos patios, la fachada responde al énfasis: fenomenología en la arquitectura. La cual aprovecha los fenómenos naturales y creados por el hombre para despertar sentimientos en el usuario. En conclusión, el poder brindar una serie de actividades y ayuda especializada con el fin de lograr un envejecimiento digno para todos debe ser una de nuestras prioridades. El CIAM será tomado de ejemplo y podrá ser replicado a diferentes distritos que lo necesiten. / The current situation has highlighted a latent problem in our society for many years, which affects thousands of elderlies: the abandonment. It is from this problem that the project was born with a CIAM or Integral care center for the elderly typology, which includes: development services, community services and temporary residence. Finally, it is located in the district of Lima considering the number of elderly residents and the percentage they represent. The project is organized around three large patios with their respective level of privacy: Plaza de Acercamiento (public), Plaza Polivante (semi-public) and Jardin Residencial (private). Like those patios, the facade responds to the emphasis: phenomenology in architecture. Which takes advantage of the natural and man-made phenomena to awaken feelings in the user. In conclusion, being able to provide a series of activities and specialized help in order to achieve a dignified aging for everyone must be one of our priorities. CIAM will be taken as an example and can be replicated to different districts that need it. / Tesis

MPM / Department of Public Health / The dawn of democracy in 1994 saw huge strides in the adjustment of various statutory instruments that aimed at opening the systems to all South Africans particularly the previously excluded groups. Health care system was one of the ear marked areas by the South African government for post-apartheid transformation. Resultantly, access to health care was declared a right and incorporated into the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. Numerous legislative and practical steps towards achieving access to health care for all have been made with notable results. However, due the apartheid spatial planning which persuaded separate development left some sections of the community remote and with no infrastructure to support health care delivery. As a result, this has made the realization of the health care for all dreams elusive. Reportedly, the most affected communities were mainly homelands which were largely rural and townships. Despite notable improvements in the delivery of health care services across the Republic, there are still major challenges faced in this sector mainly in the rural areas and townships. Therefore, the study was set to investigate and evaluate the state of health care service delivery in rural Ndengeza Township. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative method following a descriptive design (cross-sectional) and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and interview questions. The results revealed that transport, staff-patient relationship, unavailability of medication and medical staff were the major challenges of health care service delivery in rural areas. The respondents alluded that to improve health service delivery in the area, there is need to make available basic medication and trained medical personnel. It is believed, by the participants, that adding the number of staff will go a long way in changing the negative perceptions such as long queues, unavailability of critical services and unprincipled professionals that the public have of the local health care centers / NRF

This master's thesis deals with the possibilities of employment of direct care workers in day care centers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part provides a primary insight into the system of social services with the specification of day care centers as social care services according to Act No. 108/2006 Coll., On social services. It also discusses the range of professions that can be employed in day care centers based on the Czech Republic's legal system. The practical part presents quantitative research which had an aim to find out the possibilities of employment of direct care workers in day care centers in a selected region, the capital city of the Prague region. The research monitors the professional proportionality of multidisciplinary teams concerning the level and field of education and employee participation in activities carried out in day care centers. Based on the research results, the last part of the work proposes recommendations for practices. There is a demonstration of work using the staging method and applying the principles of experiential learning. The demonstration's intention is the development of functional communication and the practice of establishing social contacts for clients with an autism spectrum disorder. The motivation for the activities is Daisy...

As the need for community care increases, complete and up-to-date information about organizational structure is crucial to making appropriate decisions about the expansion of adult day services. The absence of uniform national policies results in states and communities being relegated to balancing limited funds with the demand for adult day services, and in many areas, the lack of adult day care centers altogether. This study provides an overview of the types of state reimbursement, the availability of different funding sources, and the utilization of the sources in various states.

This doctoral thesis focuses on the built environment of adult day-care centers (ADCs). It presents a mixed-method empirical research on six German ADCs with the purpose of understanding the relationship between their built environment and the spontaneous activities (SAs) of their care recipients with dementia. Field observations, Space Syntax analysis and interviews are the methods of the research. They are used to analyze how the distributions and patterns of the SAs of people with dementia are in relation to the building layout, room function, social density, and spatial visibility and accessibility of the ADCs. The research results suggest that the built environment in ADCs has influence on the distributions of SAs of people with dementia. In terms of building layout, it is revealed that the central space has a gathering effect on the location of SAs. In terms of room function, it is showed that more than 90% of SAs are distributed in the living room, the dining room, and the transition area/corridor. While no correlation is observed between the social density and the SA distribution, significant positive correlations are suggested between the spatial visibility and the SA distribution, as well as the spatial accessibility and the SA distribution. Moreover, furniture location is revealed to have an effect on the SA distribution through influencing the spatial accessibility. The thesis discusses the research findings in comparison with other previous studies. In addition, practical recommendations for design of ADCs for people with dementia are provided with examples and illustrations. / Die vorliegende Dissertation gibt einen Einblick in die architektonischen Merkmale von Tagespflegeeinrichtungen für Senioren. Dazu wurde eine empirische Studie in sechs deutschen Tagespflegeeinrichtungen durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, die Beziehung zwischen gebauter Umwelt und den spontanen Aktivitäten (SAs) von Menschen mit Demenz zu verstehen. Die in der Arbeit verwendeten Methoden waren Feldbeobachtungen, Space Syntax Analysen und Interviews. Dadurch wurden Verteilung und Abläufe der SAs von Menschen mit Demenz in Bezug auf die Grundrissstruktur, Raumfunktionen, soziale Dichte, Blickbeziehung (spatial visibility) und Zugänglichkeit (spatial accessibility) der Tagespflegeeinrichtungen analysiert. Die Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Architektur von Tagespflegeeinrichtungen Einfluss auf die Verteilung von SAs von Menschen mit Demenz hat. In Bezug auf die Grundrissstruktur wird gezeigt, dass ein zentral gelegener Raum eine sammelnde Wirkung auf die Verteilung der SAs hat. Betrachtet man die Abhängigkeit der Raumfunktionen zu den Aktivitäten, so finden diese hauptsächlich (über 90 %) im Wohnzimmer, Esszimmer oder Flurbereich statt. In Bezug auf die soziale Dichte lässt sich keine Abhängigkeit erkennen, wohl aber bei der Analyse der Blickbeziehung (spatial visibility), sowie der Zugänglichkeit (spatial accessibility), hier gibt es eine positive Wechselbeziehung zu der Verteilung von SAs. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass der Standort der Möbel eine Auswirkung auf die SA-Verteilung hat, da diese die Zugänglichkeit (spatial accessibility) beeinflusst wird. Die Arbeit vergleicht und diskutiert die erzielten Forschungsergebnisse mit anderen bisherigen Studien. Praktische Empfehlungen für den Entwurf von Tagespflegeeinrichtungen für Menschen mit Demenz werden anhand von Beispielen und Illustrationen am Ende der Arbeit präsentiert.

本硏究旨在探討韓國幼兒敎育的演進與現況,並分析韓國幼兒敎育公共敎育的現狀與問題∘本硏究目的主要有三 : 一ᆞ探討韓國幼兒敎育的演進與現況 ; 二ᆞ分析韓國幼兒敎育公共敎育的現狀與問題 ; 三ᆞ提出具體建議∘ 本硏究基本採用文件分析的方法，這些文件包括幼兒敎育制度及各種相關硏究報告ᆞ學術論文ᆞ專著ᆞ統計ᆞ法令和政府機關的各種資料∘根據上述目的和方法，本硏究所探討內容如下：首先,將對幼兒敎育的槪念及其必要性ᆞ幼兒敎育公共敎育的槪念ᆞ近現代幼兒敎育的理論背景進行考察;其次，對韓國幼兒敎育的歷史變遷過程：傳統階段ᆞ發展階段ᆞ成長階段ᆞ發展和整頓階段ᆞ成熟階段等階段進行論述;其次,以幼兒敎育的社會背景ᆞ幼兒園的種類ᆞ設立與經營ᆞ敎師培訓ᆞ課程和相關法令爲中心，對韓國幼兒敎育的現狀進行論述;再次,論述外國幼兒敎育公共敎育的現狀ᆞ韓國幼兒敎育公共敎育的確立及其發展ᆞ韓國幼兒敎育公共敎育的財政狀況等等;最後,對硏究結果作槪略性的歸納和整理，同時提出六項具體建議 : 一ᆞ儘量擴大提供幼兒公共敎育的機會，以期實現普遍主義理念∘ 二ᆞ應保障公共敎育政策的連續性與平衡性，以期達成合理主義理念∘ 三ᆞ用全新的思考方式建構新的經營方式，以此實現變革和發展∘ 四ᆞ充實敎師培過程並强化培訓過程，以此提高敎師的專業性∘ 五ᆞ改善敎師待遇，以此吸收優秀人才ᆞ提高敎學水準∘ 六ᆞ推行課程和項目的標準化，以此使敎育質量有利於統一∘ / The theme of this study is historic transition, present situation and problem of early childhood education in Korea as well as the direction for future development. The three main objectives of this study are as follows : 1. To discuss the alteration and present situation of early childhood education in Korea. 2. To discuss the present status and problem of early childhood education to public one in Korea. 3. To present the direction for development of early childhood education to public one in Korea. This study basically adopts the method of literary analysis. Literatures comprise diverse reports, academic dissertation, specialized books, statistics, law and materials of government institutions related to early childhood education. The main contents of this study are as follows. First, it described the concept and importance of early childhood education, concept of early childhood education to public one and theoretic development process of modern early childhood education. Second, it discussed the transition of early childhood education in Korea by dividing it into traditional stage, initial development stage, growth stage, development and arrangement state and maturity stage. Third, it investigated the present situation of early childhood education in Korea in the aspect of educational institution, curriculum, cultivating teachers, related law and so on. Fourth, it described the present situation of early childhood education to public one in foreign countries and discussed development process and problem in early childhood education to public one in Korea. Finally, it presented the following suggestions by generalizing the above contents and drawing conclusion. 1. To maximize the opportunity of public education. 2. To maintain continuity of educational policy and to secure equilibrium between regions and classes. 3. To import new management method on the basis of fresh way of thinking. 4. To reinforce teacher cultivating course and re-education course. 5. To improve the treatment for teachers. 6. To propel the curriculum and standardization of educational items.